15 research outputs found

    Impact de l’insaturation membranaire sur la voie d’internalisation du rĂ©cepteur dopaminergique de type 2

    No full text
    The dopamine receptor type 2 (D2R) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) specifically expressed in the central nervous system where it is largely involved in the control of several brain functions, including motivation, cognition or motor activity. Deregulations of the signaling pathways mediated by this receptor seem to be involved in the development of several psychiatric disorders such as depression, bipolar disorders, or schizophrenia. Despite their diversity, these disorders are accompanied by imbalances in lipid metabolism leading to a significant decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) levels. Although several clinical studies have reported the therapeutic potential of PUFAs supplementation for the reduction or prevention of certain psychiatric symptoms, the role of PUFAs in the alteration of dopaminergic transmission and the genesis of certain psychiatric diseases remains unknown. Thus, the hypothesis of this work is that PUFAs content in neuronal membranes expressing the D2R could influence the mechanisms of neurotransmission via a direct action on the pharmacology, the intracellular signaling, and the internalization of this receptor. In this context, the objective of this project was to evaluate the impact of membrane PUFAs on D2R internalization pathway. To unravel this, the receptor as well as all the proteins necessary to allow its internalization pathway have been expressed in mammalian cell system whose membrane PUFA composition has been enriched in a controlled manner. Lipidomic analysis confirmed the increase of PUFA content in total membranes of enriched cells. Then, Raman micro-spectroscopy was applied to determine the cellular distribution of exogenous fatty acid. Complementary techniques, confocal microscopy and time-resolved energy transfer, revealed a correlation between the membrane unsaturation level and D2R internalization efficacy. Interestingly, this correlation was not observed for another GPCR, the ÎČ2-adrenergic receptor, or by modulating the level of membrane saturated fatty acids (SFAs). Finally, TIRF microscopy was used to elucidate the impact of membrane lipid polyunsaturation on D2R membrane trafficking and ÎČ-arrestin recruitment, crucial for the initiation of D2R internalization. This study revealed a significant alteration in ÎČ-arrestin recruitment suggesting a causal link between membrane PUFAs level, ÎČ-arrestin recruitment, and D2R internalization. Thus, our data hold great promise for identifying the role of PUFAs in the genesis of psychiatric diseases.Le rĂ©cepteur dopaminergique de type D2 (RD2) est un rĂ©cepteur couplĂ© Ă  une protĂ©ine G (RCPG) majoritairement exprimĂ© au niveau du systĂšme nerveux central oĂč il est largement impliquĂ© dans le contrĂŽle de plusieurs fonctions cĂ©rĂ©brales, dont la motivation, la cognition et la motricitĂ© fine. Des dĂ©rĂ©gulations des voies de signalisation mĂ©diĂ©es par le RD2 semblent ĂȘtre impliquĂ©es dans le dĂ©veloppement de plusieurs pathologies psychiatriques telles que la dĂ©pression, les troubles bipolaires ou la schizophrĂ©nie. Bien que trĂšs diffĂ©rents, ces troubles ont notamment en commun une altĂ©ration du mĂ©tabolisme lipidique entrainant une diminution significative des taux en acides gras polyinsaturĂ©s (AGPI). MalgrĂ© le fait que plusieurs Ă©tudes cliniques ont rapportĂ© le potentiel thĂ©rapeutique d’une supplĂ©mentation en AGPI pour la rĂ©duction voire la prĂ©vention de certains symptĂŽmes psychiatriques, le rĂŽle des AGPI dans l’altĂ©ration de la transmission dopaminergique et dans la genĂšse de certaines maladies psychiatriques demeure inconnu. Ainsi, l’hypothĂšse Ă©mise par notre Ă©quipe est que la composition en AGPI des membranes neuronales exprimant le RD2 pourrait influer sur les mĂ©canismes de neurotransmission via une action directe sur la pharmacologie, la signalisation intracellulaire ainsi que l’internalisation de ce rĂ©cepteur. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de ce projet de thĂšse Ă©tait d’évaluer l’impact des AGPI membranaires sur la voie d’internalisation du RD2. Ceci a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ© par une approche in cellulo basĂ©e sur l’utilisation d’un systĂšme cellulaire, enrichi en AGPI d’intĂ©rĂȘt, exprimant le RD2 humain ainsi que toutes les protĂ©ines nĂ©cessaires pour mimer sa voie d’internalisation. La rĂ©alisation d’analyses lipidomiques nous a permis, dans un premier temps, de nous assurer de l’augmentation de la teneur en AGPI dans les membranes totales des cellules enrichies. Ensuite, l’imagerie Raman a permis d’identifier la distribution cellulaire des acides gras d’intĂ©rĂȘt. L’utilisation de cette approche cellulaire ainsi que des techniques complĂ©mentaires, la microscopie confocale et le transfert d’énergie en temps rĂ©solu, a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© une corrĂ©lation entre le taux d’insaturation membranaire et la voie d’internalisation du RD2. D’une maniĂšre intĂ©ressante, cette corrĂ©lation n’était pas observable pour un autre RCPG de la mĂȘme classe, le rĂ©cepteur ÎČ2-adrĂ©nergique, ou en modulant le taux des acides gras saturĂ©s (AGS) membranaires. Dans un dernier temps, la microscopie TIRF a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e pour Ă©lucider l’impact de l’enrichissement membranaire en AGPI sur le trafic membranaire du RD2 ainsi que sur le recrutement membranaire d’une protĂ©ine cytosolique, la ÎČ-arrestine, indispensable pour l’initiation de l’internalisation du RD2. Cette Ă©tude a mis en Ă©vidence une altĂ©ration significative au niveau du recrutement de cette protĂ©ine cytosolique. Ainsi, cette observation suggĂšre l’existence d’un lien causal entre le taux d’insaturation membranaire, le recrutement de la ÎČ-arrestine et l’internalisation du RD2. Nos donnĂ©es sont trĂšs prometteuses pour l’identification du rĂŽle des AGPI dans la genĂšse des maladies psychiatriques

    The impact of membrane lipid poly-unsaturation on dopamine D2 receptor internalization pathway

    No full text
    Le rĂ©cepteur dopaminergique de type D2 (RD2) est un rĂ©cepteur couplĂ© Ă  une protĂ©ine G (RCPG) majoritairement exprimĂ© au niveau du systĂšme nerveux central oĂč il est largement impliquĂ© dans le contrĂŽle de plusieurs fonctions cĂ©rĂ©brales, dont la motivation, la cognition et la motricitĂ© fine. Des dĂ©rĂ©gulations des voies de signalisation mĂ©diĂ©es par le RD2 semblent ĂȘtre impliquĂ©es dans le dĂ©veloppement de plusieurs pathologies psychiatriques telles que la dĂ©pression, les troubles bipolaires ou la schizophrĂ©nie. Bien que trĂšs diffĂ©rents, ces troubles ont notamment en commun une altĂ©ration du mĂ©tabolisme lipidique entrainant une diminution significative des taux en acides gras polyinsaturĂ©s (AGPI). MalgrĂ© le fait que plusieurs Ă©tudes cliniques ont rapportĂ© le potentiel thĂ©rapeutique d’une supplĂ©mentation en AGPI pour la rĂ©duction voire la prĂ©vention de certains symptĂŽmes psychiatriques, le rĂŽle des AGPI dans l’altĂ©ration de la transmission dopaminergique et dans la genĂšse de certaines maladies psychiatriques demeure inconnu. Ainsi, l’hypothĂšse Ă©mise par notre Ă©quipe est que la composition en AGPI des membranes neuronales exprimant le RD2 pourrait influer sur les mĂ©canismes de neurotransmission via une action directe sur la pharmacologie, la signalisation intracellulaire ainsi que l’internalisation de ce rĂ©cepteur. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de ce projet de thĂšse Ă©tait d’évaluer l’impact des AGPI membranaires sur la voie d’internalisation du RD2. Ceci a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ© par une approche in cellulo basĂ©e sur l’utilisation d’un systĂšme cellulaire, enrichi en AGPI d’intĂ©rĂȘt, exprimant le RD2 humain ainsi que toutes les protĂ©ines nĂ©cessaires pour mimer sa voie d’internalisation. La rĂ©alisation d’analyses lipidomiques nous a permis, dans un premier temps, de nous assurer de l’augmentation de la teneur en AGPI dans les membranes totales des cellules enrichies. Ensuite, l’imagerie Raman a permis d’identifier la distribution cellulaire des acides gras d’intĂ©rĂȘt. L’utilisation de cette approche cellulaire ainsi que des techniques complĂ©mentaires, la microscopie confocale et le transfert d’énergie en temps rĂ©solu, a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© une corrĂ©lation entre le taux d’insaturation membranaire et la voie d’internalisation du RD2. D’une maniĂšre intĂ©ressante, cette corrĂ©lation n’était pas observable pour un autre RCPG de la mĂȘme classe, le rĂ©cepteur ÎČ2-adrĂ©nergique, ou en modulant le taux des acides gras saturĂ©s (AGS) membranaires. Dans un dernier temps, la microscopie TIRF a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e pour Ă©lucider l’impact de l’enrichissement membranaire en AGPI sur le trafic membranaire du RD2 ainsi que sur le recrutement membranaire d’une protĂ©ine cytosolique, la ÎČ-arrestine, indispensable pour l’initiation de l’internalisation du RD2. Cette Ă©tude a mis en Ă©vidence une altĂ©ration significative au niveau du recrutement de cette protĂ©ine cytosolique. Ainsi, cette observation suggĂšre l’existence d’un lien causal entre le taux d’insaturation membranaire, le recrutement de la ÎČ-arrestine et l’internalisation du RD2. Nos donnĂ©es sont trĂšs prometteuses pour l’identification du rĂŽle des AGPI dans la genĂšse des maladies psychiatriques.The dopamine receptor type 2 (D2R) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) specifically expressed in the central nervous system where it is largely involved in the control of several brain functions, including motivation, cognition or motor activity. Deregulations of the signaling pathways mediated by this receptor seem to be involved in the development of several psychiatric disorders such as depression, bipolar disorders, or schizophrenia. Despite their diversity, these disorders are accompanied by imbalances in lipid metabolism leading to a significant decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) levels. Although several clinical studies have reported the therapeutic potential of PUFAs supplementation for the reduction or prevention of certain psychiatric symptoms, the role of PUFAs in the alteration of dopaminergic transmission and the genesis of certain psychiatric diseases remains unknown. Thus, the hypothesis of this work is that PUFAs content in neuronal membranes expressing the D2R could influence the mechanisms of neurotransmission via a direct action on the pharmacology, the intracellular signaling, and the internalization of this receptor. In this context, the objective of this project was to evaluate the impact of membrane PUFAs on D2R internalization pathway. To unravel this, the receptor as well as all the proteins necessary to allow its internalization pathway have been expressed in mammalian cell system whose membrane PUFA composition has been enriched in a controlled manner. Lipidomic analysis confirmed the increase of PUFA content in total membranes of enriched cells. Then, Raman micro-spectroscopy was applied to determine the cellular distribution of exogenous fatty acid. Complementary techniques, confocal microscopy and time-resolved energy transfer, revealed a correlation between the membrane unsaturation level and D2R internalization efficacy. Interestingly, this correlation was not observed for another GPCR, the ÎČ2-adrenergic receptor, or by modulating the level of membrane saturated fatty acids (SFAs). Finally, TIRF microscopy was used to elucidate the impact of membrane lipid polyunsaturation on D2R membrane trafficking and ÎČ-arrestin recruitment, crucial for the initiation of D2R internalization. This study revealed a significant alteration in ÎČ-arrestin recruitment suggesting a causal link between membrane PUFAs level, ÎČ-arrestin recruitment, and D2R internalization. Thus, our data hold great promise for identifying the role of PUFAs in the genesis of psychiatric diseases

    The impact of membrane lipid poly-unsaturation on dopamine D2 receptor internalization pathway

    No full text
    Le rĂ©cepteur dopaminergique de type D2 (RD2) est un rĂ©cepteur couplĂ© Ă  une protĂ©ine G (RCPG) majoritairement exprimĂ© au niveau du systĂšme nerveux central oĂč il est largement impliquĂ© dans le contrĂŽle de plusieurs fonctions cĂ©rĂ©brales, dont la motivation, la cognition et la motricitĂ© fine. Des dĂ©rĂ©gulations des voies de signalisation mĂ©diĂ©es par le RD2 semblent ĂȘtre impliquĂ©es dans le dĂ©veloppement de plusieurs pathologies psychiatriques telles que la dĂ©pression, les troubles bipolaires ou la schizophrĂ©nie. Bien que trĂšs diffĂ©rents, ces troubles ont notamment en commun une altĂ©ration du mĂ©tabolisme lipidique entrainant une diminution significative des taux en acides gras polyinsaturĂ©s (AGPI). MalgrĂ© le fait que plusieurs Ă©tudes cliniques ont rapportĂ© le potentiel thĂ©rapeutique d’une supplĂ©mentation en AGPI pour la rĂ©duction voire la prĂ©vention de certains symptĂŽmes psychiatriques, le rĂŽle des AGPI dans l’altĂ©ration de la transmission dopaminergique et dans la genĂšse de certaines maladies psychiatriques demeure inconnu. Ainsi, l’hypothĂšse Ă©mise par notre Ă©quipe est que la composition en AGPI des membranes neuronales exprimant le RD2 pourrait influer sur les mĂ©canismes de neurotransmission via une action directe sur la pharmacologie, la signalisation intracellulaire ainsi que l’internalisation de ce rĂ©cepteur. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de ce projet de thĂšse Ă©tait d’évaluer l’impact des AGPI membranaires sur la voie d’internalisation du RD2. Ceci a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ© par une approche in cellulo basĂ©e sur l’utilisation d’un systĂšme cellulaire, enrichi en AGPI d’intĂ©rĂȘt, exprimant le RD2 humain ainsi que toutes les protĂ©ines nĂ©cessaires pour mimer sa voie d’internalisation. La rĂ©alisation d’analyses lipidomiques nous a permis, dans un premier temps, de nous assurer de l’augmentation de la teneur en AGPI dans les membranes totales des cellules enrichies. Ensuite, l’imagerie Raman a permis d’identifier la distribution cellulaire des acides gras d’intĂ©rĂȘt. L’utilisation de cette approche cellulaire ainsi que des techniques complĂ©mentaires, la microscopie confocale et le transfert d’énergie en temps rĂ©solu, a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© une corrĂ©lation entre le taux d’insaturation membranaire et la voie d’internalisation du RD2. D’une maniĂšre intĂ©ressante, cette corrĂ©lation n’était pas observable pour un autre RCPG de la mĂȘme classe, le rĂ©cepteur ÎČ2-adrĂ©nergique, ou en modulant le taux des acides gras saturĂ©s (AGS) membranaires. Dans un dernier temps, la microscopie TIRF a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e pour Ă©lucider l’impact de l’enrichissement membranaire en AGPI sur le trafic membranaire du RD2 ainsi que sur le recrutement membranaire d’une protĂ©ine cytosolique, la ÎČ-arrestine, indispensable pour l’initiation de l’internalisation du RD2. Cette Ă©tude a mis en Ă©vidence une altĂ©ration significative au niveau du recrutement de cette protĂ©ine cytosolique. Ainsi, cette observation suggĂšre l’existence d’un lien causal entre le taux d’insaturation membranaire, le recrutement de la ÎČ-arrestine et l’internalisation du RD2. Nos donnĂ©es sont trĂšs prometteuses pour l’identification du rĂŽle des AGPI dans la genĂšse des maladies psychiatriques.The dopamine receptor type 2 (D2R) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) specifically expressed in the central nervous system where it is largely involved in the control of several brain functions, including motivation, cognition or motor activity. Deregulations of the signaling pathways mediated by this receptor seem to be involved in the development of several psychiatric disorders such as depression, bipolar disorders, or schizophrenia. Despite their diversity, these disorders are accompanied by imbalances in lipid metabolism leading to a significant decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) levels. Although several clinical studies have reported the therapeutic potential of PUFAs supplementation for the reduction or prevention of certain psychiatric symptoms, the role of PUFAs in the alteration of dopaminergic transmission and the genesis of certain psychiatric diseases remains unknown. Thus, the hypothesis of this work is that PUFAs content in neuronal membranes expressing the D2R could influence the mechanisms of neurotransmission via a direct action on the pharmacology, the intracellular signaling, and the internalization of this receptor. In this context, the objective of this project was to evaluate the impact of membrane PUFAs on D2R internalization pathway. To unravel this, the receptor as well as all the proteins necessary to allow its internalization pathway have been expressed in mammalian cell system whose membrane PUFA composition has been enriched in a controlled manner. Lipidomic analysis confirmed the increase of PUFA content in total membranes of enriched cells. Then, Raman micro-spectroscopy was applied to determine the cellular distribution of exogenous fatty acid. Complementary techniques, confocal microscopy and time-resolved energy transfer, revealed a correlation between the membrane unsaturation level and D2R internalization efficacy. Interestingly, this correlation was not observed for another GPCR, the ÎČ2-adrenergic receptor, or by modulating the level of membrane saturated fatty acids (SFAs). Finally, TIRF microscopy was used to elucidate the impact of membrane lipid polyunsaturation on D2R membrane trafficking and ÎČ-arrestin recruitment, crucial for the initiation of D2R internalization. This study revealed a significant alteration in ÎČ-arrestin recruitment suggesting a causal link between membrane PUFAs level, ÎČ-arrestin recruitment, and D2R internalization. Thus, our data hold great promise for identifying the role of PUFAs in the genesis of psychiatric diseases

    Impact de l’insaturation membranaire sur la voie d’internalisation du rĂ©cepteur dopaminergique de type 2

    No full text
    The dopamine receptor type 2 (D2R) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) specifically expressed in the central nervous system where it is largely involved in the control of several brain functions, including motivation, cognition or motor activity. Deregulations of the signaling pathways mediated by this receptor seem to be involved in the development of several psychiatric disorders such as depression, bipolar disorders, or schizophrenia. Despite their diversity, these disorders are accompanied by imbalances in lipid metabolism leading to a significant decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) levels. Although several clinical studies have reported the therapeutic potential of PUFAs supplementation for the reduction or prevention of certain psychiatric symptoms, the role of PUFAs in the alteration of dopaminergic transmission and the genesis of certain psychiatric diseases remains unknown. Thus, the hypothesis of this work is that PUFAs content in neuronal membranes expressing the D2R could influence the mechanisms of neurotransmission via a direct action on the pharmacology, the intracellular signaling, and the internalization of this receptor. In this context, the objective of this project was to evaluate the impact of membrane PUFAs on D2R internalization pathway. To unravel this, the receptor as well as all the proteins necessary to allow its internalization pathway have been expressed in mammalian cell system whose membrane PUFA composition has been enriched in a controlled manner. Lipidomic analysis confirmed the increase of PUFA content in total membranes of enriched cells. Then, Raman micro-spectroscopy was applied to determine the cellular distribution of exogenous fatty acid. Complementary techniques, confocal microscopy and time-resolved energy transfer, revealed a correlation between the membrane unsaturation level and D2R internalization efficacy. Interestingly, this correlation was not observed for another GPCR, the ÎČ2-adrenergic receptor, or by modulating the level of membrane saturated fatty acids (SFAs). Finally, TIRF microscopy was used to elucidate the impact of membrane lipid polyunsaturation on D2R membrane trafficking and ÎČ-arrestin recruitment, crucial for the initiation of D2R internalization. This study revealed a significant alteration in ÎČ-arrestin recruitment suggesting a causal link between membrane PUFAs level, ÎČ-arrestin recruitment, and D2R internalization. Thus, our data hold great promise for identifying the role of PUFAs in the genesis of psychiatric diseases.Le rĂ©cepteur dopaminergique de type D2 (RD2) est un rĂ©cepteur couplĂ© Ă  une protĂ©ine G (RCPG) majoritairement exprimĂ© au niveau du systĂšme nerveux central oĂč il est largement impliquĂ© dans le contrĂŽle de plusieurs fonctions cĂ©rĂ©brales, dont la motivation, la cognition et la motricitĂ© fine. Des dĂ©rĂ©gulations des voies de signalisation mĂ©diĂ©es par le RD2 semblent ĂȘtre impliquĂ©es dans le dĂ©veloppement de plusieurs pathologies psychiatriques telles que la dĂ©pression, les troubles bipolaires ou la schizophrĂ©nie. Bien que trĂšs diffĂ©rents, ces troubles ont notamment en commun une altĂ©ration du mĂ©tabolisme lipidique entrainant une diminution significative des taux en acides gras polyinsaturĂ©s (AGPI). MalgrĂ© le fait que plusieurs Ă©tudes cliniques ont rapportĂ© le potentiel thĂ©rapeutique d’une supplĂ©mentation en AGPI pour la rĂ©duction voire la prĂ©vention de certains symptĂŽmes psychiatriques, le rĂŽle des AGPI dans l’altĂ©ration de la transmission dopaminergique et dans la genĂšse de certaines maladies psychiatriques demeure inconnu. Ainsi, l’hypothĂšse Ă©mise par notre Ă©quipe est que la composition en AGPI des membranes neuronales exprimant le RD2 pourrait influer sur les mĂ©canismes de neurotransmission via une action directe sur la pharmacologie, la signalisation intracellulaire ainsi que l’internalisation de ce rĂ©cepteur. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de ce projet de thĂšse Ă©tait d’évaluer l’impact des AGPI membranaires sur la voie d’internalisation du RD2. Ceci a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ© par une approche in cellulo basĂ©e sur l’utilisation d’un systĂšme cellulaire, enrichi en AGPI d’intĂ©rĂȘt, exprimant le RD2 humain ainsi que toutes les protĂ©ines nĂ©cessaires pour mimer sa voie d’internalisation. La rĂ©alisation d’analyses lipidomiques nous a permis, dans un premier temps, de nous assurer de l’augmentation de la teneur en AGPI dans les membranes totales des cellules enrichies. Ensuite, l’imagerie Raman a permis d’identifier la distribution cellulaire des acides gras d’intĂ©rĂȘt. L’utilisation de cette approche cellulaire ainsi que des techniques complĂ©mentaires, la microscopie confocale et le transfert d’énergie en temps rĂ©solu, a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© une corrĂ©lation entre le taux d’insaturation membranaire et la voie d’internalisation du RD2. D’une maniĂšre intĂ©ressante, cette corrĂ©lation n’était pas observable pour un autre RCPG de la mĂȘme classe, le rĂ©cepteur ÎČ2-adrĂ©nergique, ou en modulant le taux des acides gras saturĂ©s (AGS) membranaires. Dans un dernier temps, la microscopie TIRF a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e pour Ă©lucider l’impact de l’enrichissement membranaire en AGPI sur le trafic membranaire du RD2 ainsi que sur le recrutement membranaire d’une protĂ©ine cytosolique, la ÎČ-arrestine, indispensable pour l’initiation de l’internalisation du RD2. Cette Ă©tude a mis en Ă©vidence une altĂ©ration significative au niveau du recrutement de cette protĂ©ine cytosolique. Ainsi, cette observation suggĂšre l’existence d’un lien causal entre le taux d’insaturation membranaire, le recrutement de la ÎČ-arrestine et l’internalisation du RD2. Nos donnĂ©es sont trĂšs prometteuses pour l’identification du rĂŽle des AGPI dans la genĂšse des maladies psychiatriques

    Biophysical Chemistry

    No full text
    G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a class of membrane proteins that sense extracellular signals ranging from light to odorants and small molecules and activate intracellular signaling pathways that control important physiological responses. Being composed of 7 transmembrane helices linked by extracellular and intracellular loops, the great majority of the sequence of these receptors is embedded in the lipid membrane. Therefore, it is expected GPCR structure and function to be impacted by the surrounding lipid environment and the lipid membrane physico-chemical and mechanical properties. A large number of examples from the literature is provided to highlight the role of the lipid nature (lipid headgroup, membrane polyunsaturation and cholesterol) and membrane physical and mechanical properties (curvature elastic stress, membrane thickness and hydrophobic mismatch, fluidity) in the activity of different GPCRs. In addition, lipids are important co-factors being identified in very specific locations in several GPCR structures. GPCRs and G proteins can also be lipid post-translationally modified and such events can significantly impact membrane binding, trafficking and signaling. These aspects are all treated in this review. Understanding how the lipid can modulate GPCR activity is important not only from a fundamental point of view but also due to the fact that certain pathologies, where GPCRs are central targets, have been associated with important lipid imbalance. Establishing a link between the lipid pathological imbalance and the receptor functioning in such environment is thus essential as it can open avenues to potentially innovative therapeutic strategies

    Sci Rep

    No full text
    Several biochemical and biophysical methods are available to determine ligand binding affinities between a biological target and its ligands, most of which require purification, labelling or surface immobilisation. These measurements, however, remain challenging in regards to membrane proteins, as purification processes require their extraction from their native lipid environment, which may in turn impact receptor conformation and functionality. In this study, we have developed a novel experimental procedure using microscale thermophoresis (MST) directly from cell membrane fragments, to determine different ligand binding affinities to a membrane protein, the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R). In order to achieve this, two main challenges had to be overcome: determining the concentration of dopamine D2R in the crude sample; finding ways to minimize or account for non-specific binding of the ligand to cell fragments. Using MST, we were able to determine the D2R concentration in cell membrane fragments to approximately 36.8 ± 2.6 pmol/mg. Next, the doses-responses curves allowed for the determination of KD, to approximately 5.3 ± 1.7 nM, which is very close to the reported value. Important details of the experimental procedure have been detailed in this paper to allow the application of this novel method to various membrane proteins.Impacte de la poly-insaturation phospholipidique dans la dynamique, l'activation et la signalisation du rĂ©cepteur Dopamine D2ContribueR au dialOgue Science-SociĂ©t

    Cholesterol impacts chemokine CCR5 receptor ligand binding activity

    No full text
    International audienceAbstractBackground/AimsThe chemokine CCR5 receptor is target of maraviroc, a negative allosteric modulator of CCR5 that blocks the HIV protein gp120 from associating with the receptor, thereby inhibiting virus cellular entry. As noted with other GPCR family members, the role of the lipid environment in CCR5 signaling remains obscure and very modestly investigated. Controversial literature on the impact of cholesterol depletion in HIV infection and CCR5 signaling, including the hypothesis that cholesterol depletion could inhibit HIV infection, lead us to focus on the understanding of cholesterol impact in the first stages of receptor activation.MethodsTo address this aim, the approach chosen was to employ reconstituted model lipid systems of controlled lipid composition containing CCR5 from two distinct expression systems: P. pastoris and cell‐free expression. The characterization of receptor/ligand interaction in terms of total binding or competition binding assays was independently performed by Plasmon Waveguide Resonance and Fluorescence Anisotropy, respectively. Maraviroc, a potent receptor antagonist was the ligand investigated. Additionally, Coarse‐grained Molecular Dynamics Simulation was employed to investigate cholesterol impact in the receptor conformational flexibility and dynamics.ResultsResults obtained with receptor produced by different expression systems and using different biophysical approaches clearly demonstrate a considerable impact of cholesterol in the binding affinity of maraviroc to the receptor and receptor conformational dynamics. Conclusion: Cholesterol considerably decreases maraviroc binding affinity to the CCR5 receptor. The mechanisms by which this effect occurs seems to involve the adoption of distinct receptor conformational states with restrained structural dynamics and helical motions in the presence of cholesterol

    The impact of lipid polyunsaturation on the physical and mechanical properties of lipid membranes

    No full text
    International audienceThe lipid composition of cellular membranes and the balance between the different lipid components can be impacted by aging, certain pathologies, specific diets and other factors. This is the case in a subgroup of individuals with psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, where cell membranes of patients have been shown to be deprived in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), not only in brain areas where the target receptors are expressed but also in peripheral tissues. This PUFA deprivation thus represents a biomarker of such disorders that might impact not only the interaction of antipsychotic medications with these membranes but also the activation and signaling of the targeted receptors embedded in the lipid membrane. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how PUFAs levels alterations modulate the different physical properties of membranes. In this paper, several biophysical approaches were combined (Laurdan fluorescence spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, molecular modeling) to characterize membrane properties such as fluidity, elasticity and thickness in PUFA-enriched cell membranes and lipid model systems reflecting the PUFA imbalance observed in some diseases. The impact of both the number of unsaturations and their position along the chain on the above properties was investigated. Briefly, data revealed that PUFA presence in membranes increases membrane fluidity, elasticity and flexibility and decreases its thickness and order parameter. Both the level of unsaturation and their position affect these membrane properties
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