Modifiers of γ-Globin Gene Expression and Treatment of β-Thalassemia

Beta thalassemia (β-thalassemia) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease with many genes involved. It is a heterogeneous disorder caused by variations in the inactivation mechanism of the Beta-globin (β-globin) genes. Despite seemingly similar genotypes, the patients with Beta-thalassemia have a remarkable variability in anaemia, growth development, and hepatospleenomegaly and transfusion requirements. The genetic factors may differ in each race or ethnic group for therapy and prevention. Despite remarkable successes in the treatment of Beta-thalassemia in the past decades, it is still the leading cause of death and premature disability in developed and developing countries. Possible factors that influence the severity of anaemia in thalassemia may be inherited or non-inherited. The inherited factors include the type of β-thalassemia, coinheritance of alpha thalassemia (α-thalassemia) and factors that stimulate fetal hemoglobin (HbF) production. In this chapter, respective contributions of known modifiers and also the pharmaceutical agents currently in use and under clinical trials for regulating the globin gene expression will be discussed

A prospective study of surgical management of dual plating of bicondylar tibial plateau fracture

Background: Tibial condyles with their articular surface forms major part of the knee joint, plays an important role in weight transmission and mobility. The proximal tibia fractures account for 1% of all the fractures. If these high velocity intra/peri articular fractures are not treated properly there will be high degree incidences of malunion, non-union, peri-op infections vs collapse of the medial condyle, ligamentous instability, malalignment of the axis, articular incongruity leading to post traumatic arthritis. Aim was to assess the anatomical reduction of articular surface of upper end of tibia and knee joint perfectly by operative treatment with internal fixation.  Methods: The study was done for a period of 1 years on 30 patients with bicondylar tibial plateau fractures diagnosed with Schatzker type V and VI. Age ranged from 20-60 years with majority being in 30-39 years range with a largely male preponderance. Patients were followed up to 12 months.Results: Our study reported Honkonen Jarvinen clinical outcome to be 86% excellent, 11.7% good and 1.7% fair. The functional outcome was 81% excellent, 13% good, 5% fair and 1% poor. The Radiological outcome showed 79.2% excellent, 12% good, 0.70% fair results. Our study used Honkonen Jarvinen criteria for radiological, functional, clinical outcome which showed excellent to good result.  Conclusions: Dual plating is ideal for all bicondylar Tibial plateau fracture of Schatzker type V and VI with appropriate timing of surgery and understanding the anatomy, LCP system, appropriate technique with dual incision, the complication can be minimized, giving excellent to good results.

Women Safety Night Patrolling Robot Using IOT

India's greatest threat is the safety of its women. Women do not feel safe in a variety of situations. This needs to be addressed as quickly as feasible. Technology evolves and develops on a daily basis, affecting how people live. As a result, the focus of this article is on modernising the technological framework in order to strengthen women's safety mechanisms. We introduce a new security method in this study to protect women during unusual behaviours. A new security technique based on a patrolling robot using the Raspberry Pi has been proposed. In this case, a night vision camera can be employed to secure any location. Various machine learning methods are applied to improve the classifier's accuracy. The findings suggest that the suggested method outperforms existing methods

Thermal Analysis on Exhaust Valve with Thermal Barrier Material

An exhaust valve is the important component in the engine system due to its direct involvement in the combustion and experiencing the high temperature and pressure from the hot gases during the exhaust stroke based on the valve timing for opening and closing. Because of this exposure to exhaust, high thermal loads are induced which leads to the failure of the valve. Therefore, a cooling provision is must to reduce the temperatures due to heat transfer effect or to increase the heat dissipation rate through valve by maintaining it at optimum thermal conditions. The cooling provisions are by filling the valve with sodium making valve hollow inside or by using the thermal barrier coatings on the outer surface of valve. In this an attempt is made to study the importance of cooling provision by doing thermal analysis on the valve geometry with different approaches under full load conditions of engine. The valve geometry is modelled using CAD software and the thermal analysis at steady state is done using Ansys under FEA basis. The expected results are temperature variation, heat flux, rate of heat transfer

Therapeutic Considerations for Docetaxel and Paclitaxel in Metastatic Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is the main source of death among women. Currently, 77% of women diagnosed with breast cancer are age 50 and older; however, it is projected that approximately 66% of the new cases diagnosed will occur in women younger than 65. Several clinical trials have assessed the wellbeing and adequacy of taxanes along with their tolerability in patients with metastatic cancer (MBC) The overview of these Paclitaxel and Docetaxel, the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, dose and administration, adverse effects, clinical potency, and sufferable profiles combination therapies, the pathological complete response of these taxanes are included. The different novel formulations of taxanes are formulated from nanoparticles, polyglutamate, liposomes to improve the wellbeing and adequacy taxanes to reduce their toxicities. Single-agent research located with docetaxel and paclitaxel in metastatic breast most cancers show clinically huge antitumor motion even in the advanced stage, heavily pretreated, safe, as properly as in refractory diseases. This action is likewise clear with taxane-based combination regimens. Serious hematologic and nonhematologic toxicities are incompatible, with different toxicities noted dependent on the portion and weekly regimen selected.  Weekly docetaxel and paclitaxel regimens speak to important helpful treatment options for women suffering from metastatic breast cancer and have entered assessment as a major aspect of adjuvant treatment for this disease Toxicity associated with taxanes chemotherapy are based totally on the dose schedules and weekly regimen selected and the most frequent toxicities related with these marketers include myalgia, peripheral neuropathy, neutropenia, etc Docetaxel retains in tumor cells for longer duration when compared to paclitaxel because of its slow efflux and large amounts of uptake into the cell which explains its more benefits when compared to paclitaxel. Clinical studies conducted so far suggested a more benefit to risk ratio for docetaxel when compared to paclitaxel. This article reviews mainly different actions exhibited by taxanes in the therapy of metastatic breast cancer and others on stages of cancer along with the toxicities associated with these agents. &nbsp

Structural, Optical and Magnetic Properties of (In0.90Sn0.05Cu0.05)(2)O-3 Nanoparticles

This study examined structural, optical and magnetic properties of ITO (In0.95Sn0.05)(2)O-3 and Cu doped ITO (In0.90Sn0.05Cu0.05)(2)O-3 nanoparticles synthesized by solid state reaction method. The synthesized nanoparticles were subjected to structural, optical and magnetic studies. The structural properties of the nanoparticles were carried out using XRD, Raman, FT-IR characterization techniques. Optical properties of the samples were studies using UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer. The magnetic measurements were carried out using vibrating sample magnetometer. The ITO (In0.95Sn0.05)(2)O-3 nanoparticles exhibited room temperature ferromagnetism with clear hysteresis loop. The strength of magnetization decreased in Cu doped ITO (In0.95Sn0.05)(2)O-3. The ITO nanoparticles were also exhibited ferromagnetism at 100 K with a magnetic moment of 0.02 emu/g

Dual Functional Magnetic Nanoparticles Conjugated with Carbon Quantum Dots for Hyperthermia and Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer

The global incidence of cancer continues to rise, posing a significant public health concern. Although numerous cancer therapies exist, each has limitations and complications. The present study explores alternative cancer treatment approaches, combining hyperthermia and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and amine-functionalized carbon quantum dots (A-CQDs) were synthesized separately and then covalently conjugated to form a single nanosystem for combinational therapy (M-CQDs). The successful conjugation was confirmed using zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and UV-visible spectroscopy. Morphological examination in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) further verified the conjugation of CQDs with MNPs. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) revealed that M-CQDs contain approximately 12 weight percentages of carbon. Hyperthermia studies showed that both MNP and M-CQDs maintain a constant therapeutic temperature at lower frequencies (260.84 kHz) with high specific absorption rates (SAR) of 118.11 and 95.04 W/g, respectively. In vitro studies demonstrated that MNPs, A-CQDs, and M-CQDs are non-toxic, and combinational therapy (PDT + hyperthermia) resulted in significantly lower cell viability (~4%) compared to individual therapies. Similar results were obtained with Hoechst and propidium iodide (PI) staining assays. Hence, the combination therapy of PDT and hyperthermia shows promise as a potential alternative to conventional therapies, and it could be further explored in combination with existing conventional treatments

Fabrication and analysis of mechanical properties of PVC/Glass fiber/graphene nano composite pipes

The aim of this work is to examine the conventional moulding method for manufacturing the PVC/Glass fiber/graphene nano composites. Uniform graphene dispersion is observed with the matrix for better bonding. The Mechanical properties of the manufactured nano composites have been done in this work. Three important standard tests were evaluated for the performance of Nano-Composites developed. The composites were developed as flat specimen for pipe applications. The three standards test which includes axial tension, compression and transverse compression is studied. The graphene nano composites were varied 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2 percentages. Based on the results it can be concluded that the increase in the percentages of graphene made a uniform dispersion, which leads to increase in the compressive strength of the Nanocomposite. Increase in the axial compressive strength and stiffness was observed and the increase in the trend value is mainly observed in 1.5 wt% and 2 wt% respectively. The Graphene dispersion and fractured surface morphology of nano composites were examined using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM).It can also be used as an alternative for metal pipes in industries

Quantitative estimation and evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of macromolecules of Boswellia serrata

The present study was aimed to isolate and perform qualitative analysis of macromolecules present in Boswellia serrata followed by evaluation of their anti-inflammatory activity by in-vitro IL-6 ELISA study. The oleo gum resin of B. serrata was pretreated with hexane, methanol and the obtained residue was extracted with water and the final dried powder was taken for macromolecule analysis. The macromolecules which comprise of polysaccharides, mucilages and proteins were quantitatively estimated and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity by in-vitro IL-6 ELISA study. From the current study, it was found that the macromolecules present in B. serrata majorly comprise of polysaccharides and mucilages with moderate quantity of proteins. The quantitative analysis of polysaccharides, mucilages and proteins were found 35.91%, 34% and 14.29%. From the in-vitro IL-6 ELISA study, it was found that the macromolecules showed 82.63% inhibition of IL-6. The identified macromolecules from B. serrata showed significant anti-inflammatory activity by inhibition of IL- 6 and further need to confirm by in vivo study to qualify B. serrata macromolecules as a promising anti-inflammatory agent

Quantitative estimation and evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of macromolecules of Boswellia serrata

940-943The present study was aimed to isolate and perform qualitative analysis of macromolecules present in Boswellia serrata followed by evaluation of their anti-inflammatory activity by in-vitro IL-6 ELISA study. The oleo gum resin of B. serrata was pretreated with hexane, methanol and the obtained residue was extracted with water and the final dried powder was taken for macromolecule analysis. The macromolecules which comprise of polysaccharides, mucilages and proteins were quantitatively estimated and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity by in-vitro IL-6 ELISA study. From the current study, it was found that the macromolecules present in B. serrata majorly comprise of polysaccharides and mucilages with moderate quantity of proteins. The quantitative analysis of polysaccharides, mucilages and proteins were found 35.91%, 34% and 14.29%. From the in-vitro IL-6 ELISA study, it was found that the macromolecules showed 82.63% inhibition of IL-6. The identified macromolecules from B. serrata showed significant anti-inflammatory activity by inhibition of IL- 6 and further need to confirm by in vivo study to qualify B. serrata macromolecules as a promising anti-inflammatory agent