Morpho-Functional Structure of the Organs of the Reproductive System of Ostriches

The reproductive organs of ostriches include the oviduct and ovary. The oviduct is a tube-shaped organ in which the maturation and fertilization of the egg, the formation of tertiary egg membranes (protein, shell membranes, shell, shell membrane), the early stages of embryonic development of the embryo. The oviduct is located in the left half of the abdominal cavity, suspended on the ventral and dorsal ligaments from the fourth rib to the cloaca

The Development of the Ideas About Syntactical Relations in English Grammar

As one of the most significant syntax elements, syntactical relations are vital in forming a phrase and a sentence in English. The formation of grammatical rules and regularities related to subordination and coordination in contemporary English did not happen suddenly. Reviewing individual works from the first English grammar to the most contemporary ones gives a reason to understand how this linguistic phenomenon has been formed in modern English grammar. Since the first English grammar was based on the Latin model, they focused more on the language's morphology. They extensively covered the explanation of parts of speech, and syntactical relations were neglected like other syntax issues. Although it is not fully compatible with the modern English language, in essence, each of the authors of prescriptive grammar managed to express different ideas concerning syntactical relations. Making some mistakes regarding determinations of the syntactical links and relevant systematizations does not reduce the historical importance of those grammars. In some way, reflecting such ideas in grammar led to introduction of more accurate and complete approaches to the subject in classical English grammar in the later period. The scientific basis of syntactical relations was developed in classical grammar, as in all grammatical elements. Finally, modern English grammar has completed the most comprehensive explanation of this topic. Syntactical ties have also been reviewed in detail, with most or all contemporary English grammar devoted to syntax

Factors Affecting the Development of Teeth in Young Children

The process of teething and bite formation is a physiological process, which is one of the important indicators of the health and physical development of a child. However, there are a number of factors that have an unfavorable effect on this process and create an opportunity for the development of the pathological process. In this regard, despite the numerous works of domestic and foreign researchers on this topic, the development of methods for early diagnosis, prognosis of the course and outcome of the pathology of teething and occlusion formation in children remains relevant and in demand

Gender Differences in Russian Paremiology

The study of gender differences in Russian paremiology has practical value because it allows us to understand better the cultural and linguistic features of communication between men and women and improve communication in different social spheres. The methodology of gender differences in Russian paremiology can help to understand better how gender stereotypes and representations are reflected in language and how they can influence people's perceptions and behaviour in society. The main subject of the study is the analysis of the semantic and lexical structure of Russian paremics in the context of gender identity, as well as their use and perception in different social contexts. Research methods may include qualitative and quantitative approaches, such as textual analysis, surveys, experiments, etc

Algorithm with Quality-Runtime Tradeoff Parameter for Attack Policy Algorithm in Attack Graphs for Network Security

Hledání optimální strategii v útočném grafu je považována za NP těžkou úlohu. Correlated Stackelberg Equilibrium (CSE) aproximuje Strong Stackelberg Equilibrium (SSE), který hledá optimální strategie pro dva hráče, obránce a útočníka. Tato práce se zabývá použitím iterativních algoritmů s účelem zmenšení času běhu CSE algoritmu. Iterativní algoritmy umožňují postupně zlepšovat dolní odhad optimální strategie. Tenhle způsob slouží k směrování prohledávání útočného grafu a snížení složitostí prostoru řešení. Navržená technika snaží se najít kompromis mezi kvalitou řešení a časem běhu algoritmu.Finding the optimal policy in the attack graph is known to be an NP-hard problem. Correlated Stackelberg Equilibrium (CSE) approximates Strong Stackelberg Equilibrium (SSE), which finds the optimal policy profile for two players, a defender and an attacker. This thesis investigates the application of iterative algorithms to reduce the computation time of CSE algorithm. Iterative algorithms allow improving lower bound to the optimal attack policy. It can be used to direct exploration of the attack graph and by that to reduce the complexity of the searching space. Proposed techniques look for a tradeoff parameter between algorithm's quality and its runtime

Modern Cognitive Approach to Learning Translation

In the lingo-cultural environment, the language landscape of the world is a means of expression of cultural stereotypes, symbols and standards that shape society. The national mentality is one of the main aspects of language thinking. Therefore, studying the transmission of national-cultural characteristics of the original text in the translation process plays a crucial role in intercultural communication. The breadth of theoretical concepts and research methods characterizes modern translation studies. Especially in recent years, there has been an increasing interest in translation. Traditional translation has long been influenced by structural linguistics. In modern times, new perspectives on translation creativity have emerged. Cognitive approaches, in particular, have gained popularity among researchers in recent years.The development of translation studies demonstrates that translation, like any form of transfer, can never be flawless. Consequently, no translation can be the same as the original. This indicates that the translator should be concerned with interpreting the source text and its creation in the translated language.Translators should not limit themselves to just familiarizing themselves with the vocabulary of the target language but should also study the ethnocultural and psycholinguistic aspects of language carriers. In doing so, they will encounter fewer problems and avoid embarrassing situations. Usually, gross errors appear in machine translation, mainly when translating personal names as common nouns rather than anthroponyms

Theoretical Prerequisites For The Study Of Male And Female Discourse In The Context Of Masculine Cultural Pragmatics

Gender linguistics is an important part of gender discourse. The main reason is the fact that people understand and create the world through the language they speak. In this context, “masculinity” and “femininity” are formed and developed differently due to languages and cultures. The study of languages from the perspective of gender linguistics is important for understanding the peculiarities of cultures and intercultural relations. Within the framework of cross-cultural pragmatics, we analyzed the discourse of men and women at the theoretical level, studied the causes of gender differentiation in language. In order to study the causes of gender differentiation in language, we analyzed male and female discourse within the framework of intercultural pragmatics at the theoretical level of the cognitive paradigm and pragmatic semiology. The article deals with the pragmatic value of discourse from the point of view of the cultural code, that is, the semiotic expression of national cultural norms. Cognitive-discursive analysis is carried out on the basis of gender representations. The author uses the type of discourse, which is reflected at the level of topics, the use of communicative methods and tactics, as well as national concepts, to demonstrate the conditionality of the functioning of gender representations. The language that society uses in relation to men and women varies from society to society and from culture to culture. The fact that the dominant ideology in society is determined mainly by men makes women passive and condemns them to live in a language defined by men. The article bases on the studies from a feminist perspective on language and gender relations and show that women are more prone to inflectional sentences because of the sense of insecurity attributed to them

Integration of HE system of Azerbaijan in the Global World

[EN] This article deals with the analysis of some important reforms and innovations implemented in the education sector by the government in Azerbaijan. After gaining the independence Azerbaijan started successfully to move forward towards the  development as an independent country. The country established the close relations with different international organizations and institutions. After Azerbaijan signed on to the Bologna process, the Ministry of Education developed a comprehensive action plan, calling for the modernizing of the higher education system, a transfer to the credit system, the elaboration of new diploma and the recognition of international documents on higher education. As a result, the government of Azerbaijan started the implementation processes of reforms focused on the improvement of the quality of education in order to integrate to international standards. The Ministry of Education of Azerbaijan closely collaborates with major international organizations such as: The Council of Europe, UNESCO, World Bank, UNICEF, ISESCO, EU and so on. Cooperation between Azerbaijan and the EU is carried out within the framework of TEMPUS/TACIS, Erasmus+, Twinning/TAIEX programs. This article provides a brief overview about the above mentioned programs, their application processes, as well as the results and their influences in education system of Azerbaijan .http://ocs.editorial.upv.es/index.php/HEAD/HEAD18Abbasova, U.; Babayeva, N. (2018). Integration of HE system of Azerbaijan in the Global World. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 1645-1650. https://doi.org/10.4995/HEAD18.2018.8386OCS1645165