Prostatic melanosis

Prostatic melanosis is a very rare, benign lesion characterized by the presence of melanin in the epithelium of the prostate gland and stromal dendritic cells, requiring no additional treatment. It constitutes the melanocytic lesions of the prostate together with blue nevus and malignant melanoma. We present a case with prostatic melanosis because it is rarely seen and its distinction from malignant melanoma is clinicopathologically very important

Investigation of the Anticancer and Proliferative Effect of Broccoli Extract on Du145 Prostate Cancer and MEF Healthy Fibroblast Cell Lines

In recent years, many researchers have focused on the health effects of plant-derived foods. In this context, foods with high content of flavonoids and phenolic substances have received a great deal of attention as potential agents for cancer prevention and treatment. Studies on the broccoli plant have revealed that broccoli has antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic properties. However, effective dose of broccoli needs to be determined for the cancer treatment. In this study, the effects of broccoli extracts on du145 prostate cancer and Mef fibroblast healthy cells were investigated at different doses for 48 hours. Du145 and Mef cells were grown with Dulbecco%252339%253Bs Minimum Essential Medium (DMEM) and HAMS F 12 (1%253A 1) supplemented with 2%25 FBS. Broccoli extracts at ten different doses (0,19%25 - 100%25) were added into cultures and incubated at 37deg%253BC for 24 and 48 h in 5%25 CO2. The viability of the cells was determined by the MTT method (3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). Probit analysis by SPSS software revealed that the broccoli extract at a dose of 4.070 %25 dose killed du145 cancer cells at 48 h. At the same time, MTT results showed that the viability of Mef cells was increased during 48 h of incubation. As a result, broccoli extract showed a significant level of anticancer activity in Du145 cells, while increasing the viability of Mef healthy cells. This result suggests that broccoli extract is a potential candidate for cancer treatment

Effect of Quinoa Plant on Metastasis and Ion Channels of Rat Brain Cancer Glioma Cell Lines

In this study, the effects of the quinoa plant on the rat brain cancer glioma cell line were examined. Rat C6 glioma cell lines were cultivated in Dulbecco%252339%253Bs Minimum Essential Medium (DMEM) appendage with HAMS F 12 (1%253A 1) and 2%25 FBS. After proliferation, Quinoa plant was added into the cells and incubated at 37deg%253BC for 24 and 48 h in 5%25 CO2. The viability of the cells was identified by using the MTT method (3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). IC50 concentration was determined using the statistic software SPSS (Probit analysis). The effect of the quinoa plant on the invasiveness of the C6 cells was analyzed by the wound test and the changes in the ion concentrations in the cells were determined with ICP-MS. As a result of the MTT test, the IC50 value of the quinoa plant was determined as 50 ppb. Wound test showed that use of quinoa plant (50 ppb) inhibited metastasis in the glioma cells while the cell proliferation in the control group was continued. Furthermore, calcium, sodium and potassium ions, which are regulators of cell cycle, were found in higher concentrations in that the untreated control cells than quinoa treated cells. As a result of this study%253B ICP-MS analysis showed that higher levels of calcium, sodium, and potassium ions were found in the untreated cells, whereas the application of the quinoa plant decreased these values. This change in ion channels was thought to be associated with the invasion of glioma cells, and it was determined that quinoa had significant anticancer effects

Extract of Calvatia gigantea inhibits proliferation of A549 human lung cancer cells

In this study, in order to investigate the anticancer mechanism of Calvatia gigantea extract, edible mushroom species, which belong to Lycoperdaceae family, changes of CCND1, CCND2, CDK4, p21, Akt, Bax, Bcl-2, p53, caspase-3 and caspase-9 were evaluated in A549 lung cancer cells. Cytotoxic effect of C.gigantea extract was evaluated by using XTT (2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5 carboxanilide). The C. gigantea extract was treated in a time and dose dependent manner within the range 25 μg/ml–2 mg/ml to determine the IC50 dose. IC50 dose for C. gigantea extract was detected as 500 μg/ml for 72 h. According to expression results, while CCND1, CCND2, CDK4, Akt and Bcl-2 expression clearly decreased, Bax, p53, caspase-3 and caspase-9 expression clearly increased in the dose group cells (A549 cells treated with 500 μg/ml dose of C. gigantea extract for 72 h). However, there was no change in p21 expression. C. gigantea extract induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by decreasing the CCND1, CCND2, CDK4, Akt and Bcl-2 expression and by increasing Bax, p53, caspase-3 and caspase-9 expression in A549 cells. Mushrooms are eukaryotic organisms heavily used because of their supposedly anticancer effect. Many mushroom species have been used for medical purposes, as a result of also having many effects such as antibiotic, antiviral and anticancer effects. It is thought that the C. gigantea extract may be a significant agent for treatment of lung cancer as a single agent or in combination with other drugs. © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

YÜKSELEN MODÜLLER ÜZER˙INE

YÜKSELEN MODÜLLER ÜZER˙INE Pelin BAGCI ˘ Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Matematik Anabilim Dalı Tez Danı¸smanı: Prof. Dr. Gonca GÜNGÖROGLU ˘ 2020, 69 sayfa Bu tezde yükselen modüllerin özellikleri ve bu modüllerin hollow-yükselen modüller ve e¸sçokdüze modüller ile olan ili¸skileri incelenmi¸stir. Öncelikle giri¸s bölümünde yükselen modüllerin yıllar içindeki geli¸simi incelenmi¸stir. ˙Ikinci bölümde tez için gerekli olabilecek tanım ve teoremlere yer verilmi¸stir. Üçüncü bölümde yükselen modüller ve yükselen modüllerin karakterizasyonu ele alınmı¸stır. Dördüncü bölümde hollow-yükselen modül tanımı, hollow-yükselen modüllerin bazı özellikleri, degi¸smeli halkalar üzerinde hollow-yükselen modüller ve ˘ completely hollow-yükselen modüller ba¸slıkları çalı¸sılmı¸stır. Ayrıca yükselen modüller ile hollow-yükselen modüllerin ili¸skisi detaylı olarak incelenmi¸stir. Be¸sinci ve son bölümde e¸sçokdüze modüller ile yükselen modüllerin ili¸skisi ele alınmı¸stır.IÇ˙INDEK˙ILER KABUL VE ONAY SAYFASI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii B˙IL˙IMSEL ET˙IK B˙ILD˙IR˙IM SAYFASI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v ÖZET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii ABSTRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix ÖNSÖZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi S˙IMGELER D˙IZ˙IN˙I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv 1. G˙IR˙I ¸S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2. TANIM VE ÖZELL˙IKLER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.1. Temel Tanım ve Özellikler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. YÜKSELEN MODÜLLER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.1. Yükselen Modüllere Giri¸s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.2. Yükselen Modüllerin Karakterizasyonu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4. HOLLOW-YÜKSELEN MODÜLLER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 4.1. Tanımlar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 4.2. Hollow-Yükselen Modüllerin Bazı Özellikleri . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 4.3. Degi¸smeli Halkalar Üzerinde Hollow-Yükselen Modüller ˘ . . . . . . . 46 4.4. Tamamen Hollow-Yükselen Modüller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 5. E ¸SÇOKDÜZE VE YÜKSELEN MODÜLLER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 5.1. Tanımlar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 5.2. E¸sçokdüze Modüllerin Epimorf Görüntüleri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 KAYNAKLAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 ÖZGEÇM˙I ¸S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Testicular epidermoid cyst: A case report

Testiküler epidermoid kist benigndir ve nadir görülür. Tüm testiküler neoplazilerin yaklaşık %1'ini oluşturur. Genellikle gençlerde görülür ve sıklıkla kendi kendine muayene ya da rutin fizik muayene sırasında saptanır. Teratomdan ayırımı teratomların malign olmaları nedeni ile gereklidir. Tedavi seçenekleri koruyucu cerrahi ya da orşiektomidir. Otuzbir yaşında testiküler epidermoid kist olgusunu klinik ve histopatolojik bulguları ile birlikte tanı ve tedavi seçeneklerini tartışarak sunduk.Testicular epidermoid cysts are benign and rare lesions, comprising about %1 of all testicular neoplasms. Epidermoid cysts usually occur in young men and are detected incidentally by self examination or during routine physical examination. They must be distinguished from teratomas because of their malignant potential. Testis- conserving surgery or orchiectomy is the preferred treatment. We reported the clinical and pathological findings, and discuss the management of testicular epidermoid cyst in a 31-year old patient

Endocervical blue nevus

Mavi nevüs dermal dendritik melanositlerin proliferasyonu ile karakterize kutanöz melanositik bir lezyondur. Klasik ve selüler olmak üzere iki ana gruba ayrılır. Endoservikal yerleşim nadir olup olguların çoğu klasik tiptir. Genellikle biyopsi, konizasyon veya histerektomi sonrasında mikroskopik olarak tesadüfen tespit edilir. Endoservikal mavi nevüs olgusunu, ayırıcı tanıda yer alan diğer pigmentli lezyonları da tartışarak, histopatolojik, histokimyasal ve immünohistokimyasal özellikleri ile birlikte sunuyoruz.Blue nevus is a cutaneous melanocytic lesion characterized by the proliferation of dermal dendritic melanocytes. It is divided into two main groups as classic and cellular. Endocervical localization is very rare and the majority of cases are the common type. It is generally diagnosed incidentally in the biopsy, conisation, and hysterectomy specimens that are done for different purposes. We present an endocervical blue nevus case, from histopathologic-immunhistochemical point of view and discuss the differential diagnosis of pigmented lesions of this region

Enterobius Vermikülaris Ve Taenia Spp.'Ye Bağli Akut Appendisit: Olgu Sunumu

Tüm dünyada acil cerrahi operasyonların en sık nedeni akut apandisittir. Helmintler, bak- teri ve viruslar gibi akut apandisit tablosu oluşturabilirler. Ancak apendiksin Enterobius vermikülaris ve Tenya spp. ile eş zamanlı enfestasyonu oldukça nadirdir. Onyedi yaşında, karın ağrısı şikâyeti ile acile başvuran kadın hastaya akut apandisit ön tanısı ile apendektomi uygulandı. Apendiks serozası makroskopik olarak ödemli ve hi- peremik görünümde idi. Lümen içerisinde fekalit mevcuttu. Mikroskopik olarak lümen içerisinde Tenya spp. proglottid ve yumurtaları ile E. vermikülaris erişkin formu ve akut apandisit bulguları izlendi. Her iki helminte bağlı akut apandisit olgusunu, nadir görülmesi ve bildiğimiz kadarıyla İn- gilizce literatürde şu ana kadar tanımlanan ikinci olgu olması nedeni ile sunulmaktadır.Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of emergency surgeries, all over the world. Helminths like bacteria and viruses may cause acute appendicitis. However, superinfection of appendix with Enterobius vermicularis and Taenia spp. is very rare. Seventeen-year-old female patient, with abdominal pain underwent appendectomy, with preoperative diagnosis of acute appendicitis. On macroscopic examination, appendectomy specimen was hyperemic and edematous with fecalithes in the dilated lumen. On microscopic examination; proglottides and eggs of Taenia spp. and mature form of Enterobius vermicularis were identified in the lumen, with associated acute appendicitis findings. Here we report a very rare case of concomitant infection of appendix with Taenia spp. and Enterobius vermicularis, which is also the second case in the English literature according to our knowledge

Brenner Tumor Found Incidentally in a Hysterectomised Patient: A Case Report

Brenner tümörü tüm over neoplazilerinin %1,5-2'sini oluşturur. Over yüzey epiteli veya pelvik mezotelin transisyonel metaplazisinden kaynaklanır. Vakaların %30'unda başka bir epitelyal over neoplazisi ile birliktelik vardır. Çoğunlukla insidental olarak patolojik incelemede tanı alır. Bu olgu sunumunda benign bir sebeple postmenopozal dö- nemde histerektomi uygulanan hastalarda salpingoooferektomi uygulama kararının gerekliliği araştırıldı.Brenner tumors are uncommon neoplasms of the ovary accounting for 1.5-2% of all ovarian neoplasms. They arise from ovarian surface epithelium or pelvic mesothelium through transitional metaplasia. In 30% cases an association with another epithelial ovarian neoplasm is observed. They are usually diagnosed incidentally in pathologic examination. This case report emphasis on the decision to perform an elective bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) at the time of a hysterectomy for a benign condition in postmenopausal women