Aircondition of exhibition area

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá návrhem vzduchotechnických systémů v zadaném objektu výstavního prostoru. Cílem práce bylo navrhnout systém klimatizace tak, aby bylo dosaženo optimálních mikroklimatických podmínek ve všech provozně funkčních částech budovy, jako jsou výstavní prostor, kanceláře a zasedací místnost. K tomu byly použity dostupné výpočetní programy a platné předpisy a normy.This thesis describes the creation of ventilation systems in the specified exhibition area. The purpose of this investigation is to design the air conditioning system so as to create the opti-mal microclimate conditions in all operating parts of the building; such as a exhibition area, offices and boardroom. It was use available computer software and adhere to the applicable regulations and standards.

Effects of bark beetle disturbance on soil nutrient retention and lake chemistry in glacial catchment

Forest ecosystems worldwide are subjected to human-induced stressors, including eutrophication and acidification, and to natural disturbances (for example, insect infestation, windstorms, fires). The occurrence of the later is expected to increase due to the ongoing climate change. These multi-stressor forcings modify ecosystem biogeochemistry, including the retention of limiting nutrients, with implications for terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity. Here we present whole ecosystem nutrient (N, Ca, Mg, K) mass balances in the forested catchment of Plešné Lake, CZ, which has undergone transient changes linked to the recovery from anthropogenic acidification and to the forest disturbances caused by severe infestations by the bark beetle (Ips typographus). Measured fluxes and storage of nutrients in the lake-catchment ecosystem were used to constrain the processoriented biogeochemical model MAGIC (Model of Acidification of Groundwater In Catchments). Simulated lake water chemistry and changes in soil nutrient pools fitted observed data and revealed that (1) the ecosystem N retention declined, thus nitrate leaching increased for 10 years following the bark beetle disturbance, with transient adverse effects on the acid–base status of lake water, (2) the kinetics of nutrient mineralisation from decaying biomass coupled with nutrient immobilisation in regrowing vegetation constrained the magnitude and duration of ecosystem losses of N, Ca and Mg, (3) the excess of mineralised base cations from decomposing biomass replenished the soil cation exchange matrix, which led to increased soil base saturation, and (4) the improvement of the catchment soil acid–base status led to an increase of lake water pH and acid neutralising capacity. Forested ecosystems underlain by nutrient-poor soils and bedrock are prone to human-induced damages caused by acidification and eutrophication, and any natural disturbance may further lead to nutrient imbalances. We demonstrated that in this natural forest ecosystem protected from human intervention, disturbances together with natural post-disturbance vegetation recovery have temporally positive effects on the nutrient stores in the soil

Decay Types and Fungal Communities of Norway Spruce Dead Wood in Europe

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Influence of sampling and disturbance history on climatic sensitivity of temperature-limited conifers

The study was supported by the institutional project MSMT (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000803) and the Czech Ministry of Education (Project INTER-COST No. LCT17055).Accurately capturing medium- to low-frequency trends in tree-ring data is vital to assessing climatic response and developing robust reconstructions of past climate. Non-climatic disturbance can affect growth trends in tree-ring-width (RW) series and bias climate information obtained from such records. It is important to develop suitable strategies to ensure the development of chronologies that minimize these medium- to low-frequency biases. By performing high density sampling (760 trees) over a ~40-ha natural high-elevation Norway spruce (Picea abies) stand in the Romanian Carpathians, this study assessed the suitability of several sampling strategies for developing chronologies with an optimal climate signal for dendroclimatic purposes. There was a roughly equal probability for chronologies (40 samples each) to express a reasonable (r = 0.3?0.5) to non-existent climate signal. While showing a strong high-frequency response, older/larger trees expressed the weakest overall temperature signal. Although random sampling yielded the most consistent climate signal in all sub-chronologies, the outcome was still sub-optimal. Alternative strategies to optimize the climate signal, including very high replication and principal components analysis, were also unable to minimize this disturbance bias and produce chronologies adequately representing climatic trends, indicating that larger scale disturbances can produce synchronous pervasive disturbance trends that affect a large part of a sampled population. The Curve Intervention Detection (CID) method, used to identify and reduce the influence of disturbance trends in the RW chronologies, considerably improved climate signal representation (from r = 0.28 before correction to r = 0.41 after correction for the full 760 sample chronology over 1909?2009) and represents a potentially important new approach for assessing disturbance impacts on RW chronologies. Blue intensity (BI) also shows promise as a climatically more sensitive variable which, unlike RW, does not appear significantly affected by disturbance. We recommend that studies utilizing RW chronologies to investigate medium- to long-term climatic trends also assess disturbance impact on those series.PostprintPeer reviewe

Legacy of pre-disturbance spatial pattern determines early structural diversity following severe disturbance in mountain spruce forests in Czech Republic

Background Severe canopy-removing disturbances are native to many temperate forests and radically alter stand structure, but biotic legacies (surviving elements or patterns) can lend continuity to ecosystem function after such events. Poorly understood is the degree to which the structural complexity of an old-growth forest carries over to the next stand. We asked how predisturbance spatial pattern acts as a legacy to influence post-disturbance stand structure, and how this legacy influences the structural diversity within the early-seral stand. Methods Two stem-mapped one-hectare forest plots in the Czech Republic experienced a severe bark beetle outbreak, thus providing before-and-after data on spatial patterns in live and dead trees, crown projections, down logs, and herb cover. Results Post-disturbance stands were dominated by an advanced regeneration layer present before the disturbance. Both major species, Norway spruce (Picea abies) and rowan (Sorbus aucuparia), were strongly self-aggregated and also clustered to former canopy trees, predisturbance snags, stumps and logs, suggesting positive overstory to understory neighbourhood effects. Thus, although the disturbance dramatically reduced the stand’s height profile with ~100% mortality of the canopy layer, the spatial structure of post-disturbance stands still closely reflected the pre-disturbance structure. The former upper tree layer influenced advanced regeneration through microsite and light limitation. Under formerly dense canopies, regeneration density was high but relatively homogeneous in height; while in former small gaps with greater herb cover, regeneration density was lower but with greater heterogeneity in heights

Analýza skladby gastronomického odpadu ve vybraných státech Evropy a možnosti jeho využití pro výrobu bioplynu

The thesis is focused on gastronomic waste produced by households as a part of municipal waste. The thesis comprises theoretical overview of the structure and management of municipal waste and description of the current situation in the world and in Europe in terms of food waste production. A questionnaire survey was conducted in selected states of the European Union - in the Czech Republic, the Republic of Slovenia and the Slovak Republic. The respondents answered questions on the structure, amount and way of disposal of the food waste that was produced in their households and also, expressed their opinions on processing the food waste in biogas plants

Eesponsibility of business entities for admnistrative tfenses

The presented diploma thesis aims to introduce the addressee of the text to the institute of liability of entrepreneurial natural persons for administrative delicts, which was introduced into the Czech legal system as a separate liability regime only with the adoption of Act No. 250/2016 Coll., on Liability for Administrative Delicts and Proceedings. Although an entrepreneurial natural person could, of course, have been the perpetrator of an administrative delict before, it was only with the adoption of the Act that its liability for administrative delicts was completely separated from the liability of a legal person for administrative delict. Therefore, the author of the thesis decided to discuss the regime of liability of an entrepreneurial natural person for administrative delicts in such a way that the addressee of the text would be able to get to know all important aspects of the functioning of the liability regime of an entrepreneurial natural person. The structure of the thesis consists of eight chapters including the conclusion. In the first chapter, the author defined the basic institutes constituting the very concept of liability of an entrepreneurial natural person for administrative delicts. Subsequently, the author portrayed the development of the liability for administrative delicts...Předkládaná diplomová práce má za cíl představit adresátovi jejího textu institut odpovědnosti podnikající fyzické za přestupky, který byl do českého právního řádu jako samostatný odpovědnostní režim zaveden teprve přijetím zákona č. 250/2016 Sb., o odpovědnosti za přestupky a řízení o nich. Ačkoliv podnikající fyzická osoba pochopitelně mohla být pachatelem přestupku už dříve, teprve zmíněným přijetím uvedeného zákona byla její přestupková odpovědnost kompletně oddělena od odpovědnosti právnické osoby za přestupky. Autor práce se proto rozhodl o režimu odpovědnosti podnikající fyzické osoby za přestupky pojednat tak, aby měl adresát textu možnost poznat všechny důležité aspekty fungování odpovědnostního režimu podnikající fyzické osoby. Struktura práce se skládá z osmi kapitol včetně závěru. V první kapitole autor definoval základní instituty tvořící samotný pojem odpovědnosti podnikající fyzické osoby za přestupky. Následně autor vylíčil vývoj odpovědnosti za přestupky s důrazem na historické milníky vývoje přestupkové odpovědnosti podnikající fyzické osoby. Třetí kapitolu tvoří stručné představení pramenů práva důležitých pro rozebíraný institut. Těžištěm práce je bezpochyby kapitola čtvrtá, v níž se autor detailně věnuje základům odpovědnosti podnikající fyzické osoby za přestupky, jakož i...Katedra správního práva a správní vědyDepartment of Administrative Law and Administrative ScienceFaculty of LawPrávnická fakult