In Vitro Antiplasmodial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Leaf Extracts of Jatropha Tanjorensis J.L. Ellis and Soroja

The in vitro antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity of extracts from Jatropha tanjorensis leaves was evaluated. The plant leaves were successively extracted into three (3) extract forms (aqueous extract, ethanolic extract and hydro-ethanolic (50:50 v/v)) using standard procedures. For quality control, high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) was performed on extracts. Antiplasmodial activity was assessed in vitro by using a 3D7 chloroquine sensitive clone of NF-54 isolate of Plasmodium falciparum. Cytotoxicity of extracts against non-cancerous vero cell lines was determined with doxorubicin serving as the standard cytotoxic drug. The spectra from the chemical finger-print of the extracts revealed that the ethanolic extract contained eleven peaks in contrast to the hydro-ethanolic (eight peaks) and aqueous (six peaks) extracts. The ethanolic extract had the highest antiplasmodial activity (IC50 10.86 ± 1.52 ug/ml), low cytotoxicity (IC50 86.8 ± 4.8 ug/ml) and selectivity index (SI) of 8.0 when compared with the hydro-ethanolic (IC50plasmodial 48.0 ± 1.34 ug/ml, IC50vero cells 547 ± 9.4 ug/ml, and SI of 11.4) and aqueous (IC50plasmodial 44.0 ± 2.4 ug/ml; IC50vero cells > 1000 ug/ml) extracts. The antiplasmodial activity of the crude ethanolic extract was however moderate when compared with the standard antimalaria drug chloroquine (IC50 0.087 ± 0.0003 ug/ml). The results therefore suggest moderate antiplasmodial activity and low cytotoxicity of ethanolic extract of Jatropha tanjorensis leaves against chloroquine sensitive strain of Plasmodium falciparum. The antiplasmodial activity of the plant leaves supports local claims on its efficacy in the treatment of malaria infection

On contractive cyclic fuzzy maps in metric spaces and some related results on fuzzy best proximity points and fuzzy fixed points

This paper investigates some properties of cyclic fuzzy maps in metric spaces. The convergence of distances as well as that of sequences being generated as iterates defined by a class of contractive cyclic fuzzy mapping to fuzzy best proximity points of (non-necessarily intersecting adjacent subsets) of the cyclic disposal is studied. An extension is given for the case when the images of the points of a class of contractive cyclic fuzzy mappings restricted to a particular subset of the cyclic disposal are allowed to lie either in the same subset or in its next adjacent one.The first author thanks the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for partial support of this work through Grant DPI2012-30651. He also thanks the Basque Government for its support through Grant IT378-10, and to the University of Basque Country by its support through Grant UFI 11/07