Migration and Development. Some Reflections on Current Legal Issues

The issue of the link between migration and development is increasingly relevant in the global political agenda. However, the scientific discussion concerning the increased migratory flows seems to be more focused on the questions regarding admission and / or rejection of migrants on the territory of receiving countries than on the general topic of the contribution of migrants to the financial, social and cultural development of societies (of origin, transit, or destination). The volume aims at offering food for thought for the analysis of the changes occurring in modern societies, that are asked to answer thoroughly to economic and forced migration. The goal of the volume is to open discussion among experts, scholars and policy-makers, on the problematic questions, outcomes, implications and achievements on migration and development

Occurrence of Bifidobacteriaceae in human hypochlorhydria stomach

open7noBackground: The human stomach, when healthy, is not a suitable host for microorganisms, but in pathological conditions such as gastritis, when gastric acid secretion is impaired, microbial overgrowth can be observed. Apart from Helicobacter pylori, the composition of microbiota, resident or exogenously introduced during neutral/high pH conditions, has not been investigated thoroughly. Thus, it is possible that Bifidobacteriaceae, important autochthonous and beneficial bacteria of human gastrointestinal microbiota, could over-colonize the stomach of hypochlorhydria patients suffering from autoimmune atrophic gastritis (AAG) or omeprazoletreated (OME) gastritis. This prompted us to characterize the Bifidobacteriaceae in such patients’ gastric microbiota and to study its abnormal colonization. Methods: Samples of gastric juices, and antrum and corpus mucosa from 23 hypochlorhydria patients (13 AAG and 10 OME) and from 10 control volunteers with base-line normochlorhydria, were cultivated in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) and selective Bifidobacterium-Tryptone-Phytone-Yeast extract (Bif-TPY) media. The isolates were characterized by the fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase (F6PPK) test, electrophoresis of cellular proteins, the fermentation test, guanine-cytosine% DNA content, and DNADNA hybridization. Negative F6PPK isolates were characterized by order-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: A total of 125 isolates, assigned to the Bifidobacteriaceae family on the basis of their morphology, were obtained from AAG and OME patients, but not from normal subjects. Of these isolates, 55 were assigned to the Bifidobacteriaceae family on the basis of their fructose-6-phosphoketolase (PPK) activity, PPK being the key taxonomic enzyme of this family. The remaining 70 isolates, which were PPK-negative, were attributed to the Actinomycetales order following specific primer PCR analysis. We observed a significantly higher abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae (Bifidobacterium dentium, Scardovia inopinata, and Parascardovia denticolens) in OME group than the AAG group. Furthermore, the Actinomycetales distribution was homogeneous for both hypochlorhydria patient groups. Conclusions: This study suggests that the Bifidobacteriaceae species, typically found in the oral cavity, readily colonizes the hypochlorhydria stomach of OME patients. The clinical relevance and the mechanism underlying this Bifidobacteriaceae presence in OME gastritis requires further functional studies.openPaola Mattarelli; Giovanni Brandi; Carlo Calabrese; Fabio Fornari; Gian Maria Prati; Bruno Biavati; Barbara SgorbatiPaola Mattarelli; Giovanni Brandi; Carlo Calabrese; Fabio Fornari; Gian Maria Prati; Bruno Biavati; Barbara Sgorbat

Measurement of the thermal expansion coefficient of an Al-Mg alloy at ultra-low temperatures

We describe a result coming from an experiment based on an Al-Mg alloy (~ 5% Mg) suspended bar hit by an electron beam and operated above and below the termperature of transition from superconducting to normal state of the material. The amplitude of the bar first longitudinal mode of oscillation, excited by the beam interacting with the bulk, and the energy deposited by the beam in the bar are the quantities measured by the experiment. These quantities, inserted in the equations describing the mechanism of the mode excitation and complemented by an independent measurement of the specific heat, allow us to determine the linear expansion coefficient of the material.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure

Takotsubo Syndrome Associated with COVID-19

Objective: The availability of public health information for optimised supportive care is critical during the COVID-19 pandemic. We describe the first case of COVID-19 complicated by Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Materials and Methods: We report the clinical, laboratory and radiological findings of a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Results: The nasopharyngeal swab was positive for SARS-CoV-2 and x-ray images demonstrated pathognomonic pneumonia. The patient developed tachycardia and the echocardiogram confirmed the diagnosis of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Conclusions: Doctors should be aware of the need to thoroughly study this new infection in order to understand its underlying mechanisms and related complications

Migration and the Environment: Some Reflections on Current Legal Issues and Possible Ways Forward

The rationale behind the volume on Migration and the Environment: Some Reflections on Current Legal Issues and Possible Ways Forward is to provide a comprehensive and critical review of the major outcomes, implications and achievements on the relevant questions of international law on international migration and the environment. The ultimate objective of the volume is to foster the debate among experts, scholars and policy makers. To this end, the collected papers analyze from different perspectives the link between migration and the environment and the phenomenon of environment-related migration, discuss the extent to which people whose movements are induced by environmental factors are protected under the existing international legal framework, investigate the main legal issues and normative gaps and analyze the solutions at stak

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of (±)-Mandelic Acid-5 , ��tical Resolution, and A�solute Con�guration Deter�ination

An efficient microwave-assisted synthesis of (±)-mandelic acid-5 was developed. e racemic mixture was resolved by diastereomeric salt formation using 1-phenylethylamine enantiomers as resolving agents. At each step, the resolution process was checked by determining mandelic acid-5 enantiomer ee values directly on fractional crystallized diastereomeric salts by chiral capillary electrophoresis analysis. Highly enriched (−)-and (+)-mandelic acid-5 (95% and 90% ee, resp.) were obtained and their absolute con�gurations-and , respectively-were determined by correlation of the (−)-mandelic acid-5 circular dichroism spectrum to the (R)-mandelic acid one

Retrieving the Stress Field Within the Campi Flegrei Caldera (Southern Italy) Through an Integrated Geodetical and Seismological Approach

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