The Care of Souls as it Relates to Marriage Counseling

The minister\u27s field in counseling is related to the pastoral office, and it is the scope of this paper to endeavor to show just why the function of marriage counseling fits into a pastor\u27s total care of souls. Indeed, this thesis intends to show how necessary it is for the pastor to recognize the needs for his services in this field and, in an overview, how he can approach them in his counseling

Thirty-fold: Extreme gravitational lensing of a quiescent galaxy at z=1.6z=1.6

We report the discovery of eMACSJ1341-QG-1, a quiescent galaxy at $z=1.594$ located behind the massive galaxy cluster eMACSJ1341.9$-$2442 ($z=0.835$). The system was identified as a gravitationally lensed triple image in Hubble Space Telescope images obtained as part of a snapshot survey of the most X-ray luminous galaxy clusters at $z>0.5$ and spectroscopically confirmed in ground-based follow-up observations with the ESO/X-Shooter spectrograph. From the constraints provided by the triple image, we derive a first, crude model of the mass distribution of the cluster lens, which predicts a gravitational amplification of a factor of $\sim$30 for the primary image and a factor of $\sim$6 for the remaining two images of the source, making eMACSJ1341-QG-1 by far the most strongly amplified quiescent galaxy discovered to date. Our discovery underlines the power of SNAPshot observations of massive, X-ray selected galaxy clusters for lensing-assisted studies of faint background populations

Probing dark matter substructure in the gravitational lens HE0435-1223 with the WFC3 grism

Strong gravitational lensing provides a powerful test of Cold Dark Matter (CDM) as it enables the detection and mass measurement of low mass haloes even if they do not contain baryons. Compact lensed sources such as Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are particularly sensitive to perturbing subhalos, but their use as a test of CDM has been limited by the small number of systems which have significant radio emission which is extended enough avoid significant lensing by stars in the plane of the lens galaxy, and red enough to be minimally affected by differential dust extinction. Narrow-line emission is a promising alternative as it is also extended and, unlike radio, detectable in virtually all optically selected AGN lenses. We present first results from a WFC3 grism narrow-line survey of lensed quasars, for the quadruply lensed AGN HE0435-1223. Using a forward modelling pipeline which enables us to robustly account for spatial blending, we measure the [OIII] 5007 \AA~ flux ratios of the four images. We find that the [OIII] fluxes and positions are well fit by a simple smooth mass model for the main lens. Our data rule out a $M_{600}>10^{8} (10^{7.2}) M_\odot$ NFW perturber projected within $\sim$1\farcs0 (0\farcs1) arcseconds of each of the lensed images, where $M_{600}$ is the perturber mass within its central 600 pc. The non-detection is broadly consistent with the expectations of $\Lambda$CDM for a single system. The sensitivity achieved demonstrates that powerful limits on the nature of dark matter can be obtained with the analysis of $\sim20$ narrow-line lenses.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 15 pages, 8 figure

Sustainable procurement practice in the public sector: An international comparative study

Public procurement is a significant and yet understudied phenomenon. In light of debates concerning the transparency of public procurement, growing interest in sustainable public procurement as a means to stimulate corporate social responsibility in the private sector, and concerns regarding the competitive impacts of public procurement policies, we explore sustainable procurement practice internationally. In particular, we report the findings of a survey of sustainable procurement practices within a sample of over 280 public procurement practitioners from 20 countries and with collective responsibility for expenditure totalling $45bn. Building upon a conceptual model that emphasises the importance of national policy environments regarding sustainable procurement mediated by a range of organisational contextual factors, our analysis shows that a wide range of sustainable procurement practices are embedded to some degree in public sector procurement practice around the world and that the extent and nature of sustainable procurement practices varies significantly across countries

Sustainable procurement in the United Kingdom public sector

Purpose: This study investigates sustainable procurement in the United Kingdom public sector. Methodology/ Approach: Sustainable procurement is investigated using a questionnaire that draws on established scales for ‘Purchasing Social Responsibility’(Carter & Jennings, 2004). The survey has been administered across the UK public sector, and 106 responses have been received from procurement officers. Findings: Analysis of quantitative and qualitative survey data reveals there is significant variation across public sector agencies in the nature of sustainable procurement practice. Local authorities have a particularly strong emphasis on buying from local and small suppliers relative to other sectors, health looks generally lower in many categories and education appears to have something of an emphasis on environmental aspects of sustainable procurement. Cost has been found to be the leading barrier to sustainable procurement, and top management support the leading facilitator. Research limitations: There is likely to be selection bias in the sample, with those practitioners engaging in the sustainability agenda being more likely to have responded to the questionnaire. Research implications: The United Kingdom government has an objective amongst the leaders in Europe on sustainable procurement by 2009, and early signs are encouraging that progress towards this goal is underway. Originality/value of paper: This research provides the first survey of sustainable procurement practices across the UK public sector. It also provides a conceptual framework of influences upon the propensity to engage in sustainable procurement practice

Highly fluorinated naphthalenes and bifurcated C–H⋯F–C hydrogen bonding

The synthesis and crystal structures of 1,2,4,5,6,8-hexafluoronaphthalene and 1,2,4,6,8-pentafluoronaphthalene are reported. Intermolecular interactions are dominated by offset stacking and by C–H⋯F–C hydrogen bonds. For hexafluoronaphthalene, molecules are linked in layers with (4,4) network topology via R12(6) C–H⋯(F–C)2 supramolecular synthons that are rationalised by consideration of the calculated electrostatic potential of the molecule. Such an arrangement is prevented by the additional hydrogen atom in pentafluoronaphthalene and molecules instead form tapes via an R12(8) (C–H⋯F)2 synthon. The geometric characteristics of C–H⋯(F–C)2 bifurcated hydrogen bonds have been analysed for crystal structures in the Cambridge Structural Database (6416 crystal structures; 9534 C–H⋯(F–C)2 bifurcated hydrogen bonds). A geometric analysis of these hydrogen bonds has enabled the extent of asymmetry of these hydrogen bonds to be assessed and indicates a preference for symmetrically bifurcated interactions