HUBUNGAN ANTARA HIPERTENSI DAN HIPERTROFI VENTRIKEL KIRI PADA PASIEN LANSIA DENGAN ATRIAL FIBRILASI

Latar belakang:Atrial fibrilasi (AF) didefinisikan sebagai irama jantung yang abnormal dengan aktivitas listrik jantung yang cepat dan tidak beraturan. Atrial fibrilasi dapat disebabkan oleh kelainan struktur jantung. Salah satu penyebab kelainan struktur jantung adalah hipertensi lama.Hipertensi yang berkepanjangan dan tidak terkendali dapat mengubah struktur miokard, pembuluh darah dan sistem konduksi jantung. Perubahan-perubahan ini dapat mengakibatkan kelainan, salah satunya hipertrofi ventrikel kiri. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara hipertensi dan hipertrofi ventrikel kiri pada pasien lansia dengan atrial fibrilasi. Metode: Data rekam medis yang dipilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi yaitu pasien lansia dengan atrial fibrilasi yang menderita hipertensi dan atau hipertrofi ventrikel kiri.Data disajikan secara deskriptif kemudian dianalisis dengan metode Chi Square atau uji FisherExactbila syarat metode Chi Square tidak terpenuhi untuk mengetahui hubungan antara hipertensi dan hipertrofi ventrikel kiri. Hasil:Dari data yang didapatkan pada 105 sampel pada pasien lansia (> 60 tahun) dengan atrial fibrilasi di RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang periode 2013 tercatat 67 (63,80%) pasien menderita hipertensi, 36 (34,28%) pasien menderita hipertrofi ventrikel kiri, dan 2 (1,90%) pasien menderita hipertensi dan atau hipertrofi ventrikel kiri. Selanjutnya tidak didapatkan adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara hipertensi dan hipertrofi ventrikel kiripada pasien lansia dengan atrial fibrilasi (p=0,204). Kesimpulan:Pada penelitian ini didapatkan adanya hubungan yang tidak bermakna antara hipertensi dan hipertrofi ventrikel kiri pada pasien lansia dengan atrial fibrilasidan didapatkan prosentase pada lansia dengan atrial fibrilasi yang menderita hipertensi lebih tinggi dari padahipertrofi ventrikel kiri. Kata kunci:Hipertensi, hipertrofi ventrikel kiri, atrial fibrilasi pada lansia

Consistency aspects of out-of-plane bending, torsion and shear in a quadratic curved beam element

Curved beams in civil engineering applications call for out-of-plane bending and torsion under the action of13; out-of-plane transverse shear loads. The design of a quadratic displacement curved beam element capable of13; representing shear deformation as in the Timoshenko beam theory requires special attention to the manner in which the shear strain is represented. Field-inconsistent representations of the out-of-plane transverse shear strain will result in a loss of efficiency and introduce spurious oscillations in the bending moment, torsional moment and shear force. The optimal field-consistent assumed strain interpolation for shear is derived and it is demonstrated to posses very high accuracy which is free from spurious force and moment oscillations

Expert systems and finite element structural analysis - a review

Finite element analysis of many engineering systems is practised more as an art than as a science . It involves high level expertise (analytical as well as heuristic) regarding problem modelling (e .g. problem specification,13; choosing the appropriate type of elements etc .), optical mesh design for achieving the specified accuracy (e .g . initial mesh selection, adaptive mesh refinement), selection of the appropriate type of analysis and solution13; routines and, finally, diagnosis of the finite element solutions . Very often such expertise is highly dispersed and is not available at a single place with a single expert. The design of an expert system, such that the necessary expertise is available to a novice to perform the same job even in the absence of trained experts, becomes an attractive proposition. 13; In this paper, the areas of finite element structural analysis which require experience and decision-making capabilities are explored . A simple expert system, with a feasible knowledge base for problem modelling, optimal mesh design, type of analysis and solution routines, and diagnosis, is outlined. Several efforts in these directions, reported in the open literature, are also reviewed in this paper

Perpendicular electron collisions in drift and acoustic wave instabilities

Perpendicular electron dynamics and the associated collisions are discussed in relation to the collisional drift wave instability. In addition, the limit of small parallel wave numbers of this instability is studied and it is shown to yield a reduced wave frequency. It is also shown that in this case the growth rate in fact {\em decreases} for smaller parallel wave numbers, instead of growing proportional to $1/k_z^2$. As a result, the growth rate appears to be angle dependent and to reach a maximum for some specific direction of propagation. The explanation for this strange behavior is given. A similar analysis is performed for acoustic perturbations in plasmas with unmagnetized ions and magnetized electrons, in the presence of a density gradient.Comment: 7 figure

Robust hybrid global asymptotic stabilization of rigid body dynamics using dual quaternions

A hybrid feedback control scheme is proposed for stabilization of rigid body dynamics (pose and velocities) using unit dual quaternions, in which the dual quaternions and veloc- ities are used for feedback. It is well-known that rigid body attitude control is subject to topological constraints which often result in discontinuous control to avoid the unwinding phenomenon. In contrast, the hybrid scheme allows the controlled system to be robust in the presence of uncertainties, which would otherwise cause chattering about the point of discontinuous control while also ensuring acceptable closed-loop response characteristics. The stability of the closed-loop system is guaranteed through a Lyapunov analysis and the use of invariance principles for hybrid systems. Simulation results for a rigid body model are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed hybrid dual quaternion feedback control scheme

FEM analysis of LTA-7 horizontal tail

A finite element structural analysis of the stabilizer portion of the horizontal tail has been performed using the MSC/NASTRAN package. The critical loading case is identified by subjecting the structure to loading corresponding to several different load cases. From NASTRAN stress output for these cases, the Va maneuvering 5700 kg ., n = 1.0, 0.2412c, elevator up deflection is seen to be critical. Stresses from this case are used to compute the margins in buckling for skin panels and shear webs. It is seen that stresses are within allowable limits but from the buckling point of view, while the skin panels are over-designed, the midspar web is under-designed and must be stiffened. Comparisons with the stress analysis results from the simple bending theory/shear flow analysis carried out by the ASDE/CAU design group show that there is scope for improvement in the design

A projective Dirac operator on CP^2 within fuzzy geometry

We propose an ansatz for the commutative canonical spin_c Dirac operator on CP^2 in a global geometric approach using the right invariant (left action-) induced vector fields from SU(3). This ansatz is suitable for noncommutative generalisation within the framework of fuzzy geometry. Along the way we identify the physical spinors and construct the canonical spin_c bundle in this formulation. The chirality operator is also given in two equivalent forms. Finally, using representation theory we obtain the eigenspinors and calculate the full spectrum. We use an argument from the fuzzy complex projective space CP^2_F based on the fuzzy analogue of the unprojected spin_c bundle to show that our commutative projected spin_c bundle has the correct SU(3)-representation content.Comment: reduced to 27 pages, minor corrections, minor improvements, typos correcte

Subcutaneous Phycomycosis in a Child

Subcutaneous phycomycosis is a rare entity. We hereby report a case of subcutaneous phycomycosis in 18 months old female child who presented with a painless, non-tender swelling on the thigh. Skin biopsy showed eosinophilic granuloma lying deep in the subcutaneous tissue, with sparse hyphae. Culture on Sabouraud's dextrose agar showed characteristic colonies. Patient was started on oral potassium iodide. The swelling was completely resolved after one month of treatment

Dissociation of affective modulation of recollective and perceptual experience following amygdala damage

It has been suggested that similar neural mechanisms may underlie the affective modulation of both recollective and perceptual experience. A case is reported of a patient who has bilateral amygdala damage and marked impairment in the perception of emotion, particularly fear. The patient DR and 10 healthy control subjects (matched for school leaving age, intelligence quotient, and non-emotional memory performance) were shown a series of slides accompanied by an emotionally arousing narrative. One week later DR and the controls were given a surprise memory test for this material. In addition, they completed a verbal memory test using emotionally arousing stimuli. Both DR and the healthy control subjects showed a normative pattern of enhanced memory for emotional material. On the basis of these results and the previously demonstrated impairment of perception of emotion in this patient, it is concluded that different neural mechanisms may underlie affective modulation of recollective and perceptual experience