Athermal analogue of sheared dense Brownian suspensions

The rheology of dense Brownian suspensions of hard spheres is investigated numerically beyond the low shear rate Newtonian regime. We analyze an athermal analogue of these suspensions, with an effective logarithmic repulsive potential representing the vibrational entropic forces. We show that both systems present the same rheology without adjustable parameters. Moreover, all rheological responses display similar Herschel-Bulkley relations once the shear stress and the shear rate are respectively rescaled by a characteristic stress scale and by a microscopic reorganization time-scale, both related to the normal confining pressure. This pressure-controlled approach, originally developed for granular flows, reveals a striking physical analogy between the colloidal glass transition and granular jamming.Comment: 6 figures, 6 page

Impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and rhizobium symbioses development in kabuli and desi chickpeas grown under drought stress conditions

Non-Peer ReviewedArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have induced drought tolerance in several plants and could increase chickpea yield under semiarid climates. Desi chickpea are more drought tolerant than Kabuli suggesting a weak mycorrhizal symbiosis in this chickpea type. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to assess the extent and the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis on the growth and yield in Kabuli and Desi chickpea cultivars under well watered and drought stress conditions and on their association with Mesorhizobium cicer. The experiment had a split-plot design with two water levels, 30% of field capacity (deficient water) and 70% of field capacity (sufficient water) randomized in main plots. Two inoculation treatments, M. cicer + AMF and M. cicer only, were applied to chickpea (Kabuli, CDC Frontier and CDC Xena; Desi, CDC Anna, and CDC Nika). The factorial combinations of inoculation and cultivar were randomized in the subplots. There were four repetitions. One set of plants was harvested at the time of symbioses development and another set was harvested at seed maturation. The data was analyzed with ANOVA. Results indicated that the Kabuli and Desi chickpea mycorrhizal symbioses are not different, as indicated by the absence of a cultivar by inoculation interaction on shoot and root growth, nodulation and nitrogen fixation. AM Fungi inoculation delayed nodule development but had no effect on grain yield. CDC Frontier had 4 times more nodules and 6 times more nitrogenase activity than CDC Anna, Nika and Xena

Impact of Ground Truth Annotation Quality on Performance of Semantic Image Segmentation of Traffic Conditions

Preparation of high-quality datasets for the urban scene understanding is a labor-intensive task, especially, for datasets designed for the autonomous driving applications. The application of the coarse ground truth (GT) annotations of these datasets without detriment to the accuracy of semantic image segmentation (by the mean intersection over union - mIoU) could simplify and speedup the dataset preparation and model fine tuning before its practical application. Here the results of the comparative analysis for semantic segmentation accuracy obtained by PSPNet deep learning architecture are presented for fine and coarse annotated images from Cityscapes dataset. Two scenarios were investigated: scenario 1 - the fine GT images for training and prediction, and scenario 2 - the fine GT images for training and the coarse GT images for prediction. The obtained results demonstrated that for the most important classes the mean accuracy values of semantic image segmentation for coarse GT annotations are higher than for the fine GT ones, and the standard deviation values are vice versa. It means that for some applications some unimportant classes can be excluded and the model can be tuned further for some classes and specific regions on the coarse GT dataset without loss of the accuracy even. Moreover, this opens the perspectives to use deep neural networks for the preparation of such coarse GT datasets.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables, The Second International Conference on Computer Science, Engineering and Education Applications (ICCSEEA2019) 26-27 January 2019, Kiev, Ukrain

Note: Accounting for pressure effects on the calculated equilibrium structure of glassy GeSe2:

First-principles molecular dynamics (FPMD) data on the structural properties of glassy GeSe2 under ambient conditions are produced by carefully considering and minimizing the effect of a residual pressure on the periodic system. When compared to previous FPMD results, this strategy leads to an improved agreement between theory and neutron diffraction experiments

Phéochromocytome de découverte fortuite (à propos d’un cas)

Nous rapportons un cas inhabituel d’incidentalome surrénalien compliqué d’un état de choc après surrénalectomie lors d’une intervention pour néoplasie du bas rectum ; qui s’est avéré être un phéochromocytome. Ainsi, cette observation montre la nécessité d’une exploration hormonale systématique de tout incidentalome surrénalien , afin d'éviter tout incident pouvant être fatal

Dynamical compressibility of dense granular shear flows

It has been conjectured by Bagnold [1] that an assembly of hard non-deformable spheres could behave as a compressible medium when slowly sheared, as the average density of such a system effectively depends on the confining pressure. Here we use discrete element simulations to show the existence of transverse and sagittal waves associated to this dynamical compressibility. For this purpose, we study the resonance of these waves in a linear Couette cell and compare the results with those predicted from a continuum local constitutive relation

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ANTIOXIDANT, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTINOCICEPTIVE EFFECTS OF ACETONE EXTRACT OF ALGERIAN SOLENOSTEMMA ARGEL (DELILE) HAYNE LEAVES

Objective: To investigate the qualitative composition of the acetonic extract from leaves of S. argel (AESA) and their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in vivo. Methods: AESA profile was established by UHPLC/DAD/ESI-MS2. AESA was subjected to the acute oral toxicity study according to the OECD-420 method. Antioxydant activity of AESA was performed by DPPH radical scavenging assay. Anti-inflammatory effects of AESA were determined in two animal models: carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats and cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation in rats. Further, anti-nociceptives activities of AESA were assessed by hot plate test, acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing test and formalin test. Results: The in vivo AESA toxicity was low. AESA expresses a maximum radical scavenging activity with a IC50 value of 36,05 μg/ml. The AESA at 250 and 400 mg/kg significantly reduced carrageen an induced paw edema by 70.09% and 85.53% 6h after carrageenan injection, respectively. AESA produced significant dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect against cotton pellets-induced granuloma formation in rats. In addition, AESA at 250 and 400 mg/kg significantly reduced acetic acid-induced writhing by 56.83 and 80.41%, respectively. Oral administration of 250 and 400 mg/kg of AESA caused a significant dose dependent anti-nociceptive effect in both neurogenic and inflammatory phases of formalin-induced licking. AESA also impacted the pain latency in the hot plat test. Conclusion: These data suggest that AESA possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects. These results support the traditional use of S. argel to cure pain and inflammatory diseases in the Algerian Sahara

Carcinome métaplasique du sein : à propos d’un cas

Le carcinome métaplasique du sein est une tumeur maligne primaire rare et agressive, représentant 0,2-5% de tous les cancers du sein. Cette tumeur maligne est caractérisée par la présence histologique d'au moins deux types cellulaires, généralement des composants épithéliaux et mésenchymateux. Nous rapportons le cas d’une patiente qui présentait un carcinome métaplasique du sein droit. A travers ce cas et une revue de la littérature, les caractéristiques anatomo-cliniques, radiologiques, thérapeutiques et évolutives seront discutées.Les variantes métaplasiques sont agressives, chimiorésistantes et ont une forte propension à métastaser ainsi qu’un risque de récidive locale plus élevé, rendant ainsi leur pronostic plus sombre que les carcinomes du sein non métaplasiques c'est-à-dire, les carcinomes canalaires invasifs. Même si les carcinomes métaplasiques du sein sont traités de la même manière que les carcinomes invasifs, il n’en reste pas moins que leur prise en charge reste difficile et qu’il n’existe pas de standard thérapeutique. Le principal traitement reste la chirurgi

Actin modulates shape and mechanics of tubular membranes

International audienceThe actin cytoskeleton shapes cells and also organizes internal membranous compartments. In particular, it interacts with membranes for intracellular transport of material in mammalian cells, yeast, or plant cells. Tubular membrane intermediates, pulled along microtubule tracks, are formed during this process and destabilize into vesicles. While the role of actin in tubule destabilization through scission is suggested, literature also provides examples of actin-mediated stabilization of membranous structures. To directly address this apparent contradiction, we mimic the geometry of tubular intermediates with preformed membrane tubes. The growth of an actin sleeve at the tube surface is monitored spatiotemporally. Depending on network cohesiveness, actin is able to entirely stabilize or locally maintain membrane tubes under pulling. On a single tube, thicker portions correlate with the presence of actin. These structures relax over several minutes and may provide enough time and curvature geometries for other proteins to act on tube stability