Evaluation models and Brazilian health reform: A qualitative-participatory approach

Throughout the last years, there has been a growing interest in ongoing assessment proposals in Latin America, which are more far-reaching and not traditional. The aim of this study was to analyze the potential of qualitative-participatory evaluation in view of the challenge of strengthening health reforms in the region, particularly those considered progressive, such as the Brazilian case. There is the need to assess health reforms in a rigorous and permanent way, especially the incongruity when using normative models to evaluate health systems based on principles of universality, comprehensiveness, humanization and democratic management. In addition to the demand for assessment instruments and strategies, the Brazilian health reform requires the adoption of evaluation proposals and practices that are founded on other paradigms, distinct from the hegemonic one, in the sphere of health assessment. It is recommended that emerging evaluative models be used, such as those with a qualitative-participatory approach

Evaluation models and Brazilian health reform: A qualitative-participatory approach

Throughout the last years, there has been a growing interest in ongoing assessment proposals in Latin America, which are more far-reaching and not traditional. The aim of this study was to analyze the potential of qualitative-participatory evaluation in view of the challenge of strengthening health reforms in the region, particularly those considered progressive, such as the Brazilian case. There is the need to assess health reforms in a rigorous and permanent way, especially the incongruity when using normative models to evaluate health systems based on principles of universality, comprehensiveness, humanization and democratic management. In addition to the demand for assessment instruments and strategies, the Brazilian health reform requires the adoption of evaluation proposals and practices that are founded on other paradigms, distinct from the hegemonic one, in the sphere of health assessment. It is recommended that emerging evaluative models be used, such as those with a qualitative-participatory approach

Autopercepção da imagem corporal em estudantes do curso de educação física Self-perception of body image in the physical education course students

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a autopercepção da imagem corporal (IC) e associar a IC com indicadores sociodemográficos, estado nutricional e nível de atividade física de universitários. Realizou-se um estudo transversal com 294 universitários (136 homens e 158 mulheres), mensurou-se a percepção da IC por meio da escala de silhueta, indicando a silhueta atual (SA), silhueta ideal (SI) e a silhueta ideal do sexo oposto (SIO). Ainda foram coletadas variáveis demográficas (sexo, idade, turno de estudo, ocupação), nível socioeconõmico, estado nutricional (índice de massa corporal) e o nível de atividade física (IPAQ - versão curta). Utilizou-se a análise descritiva e o teste de associação do qui-quadrado para análise dos dados. A prevalência de insatisfação com a IC foi de 61,2% (n = 180), sendo 61% nos homens e 61,4% nas mulheres. A silhueta 2 foi apontada por 57% das mulheres como a SI, entre os homens 38,2% e 39,7% apontaram a silhueta 3 e 4 como a SI. Foi identificada como SIO à silhueta 3 (63,2% masculino e 56,3% feminino). As mulheres demonstraram uma maior percepção (67,6%) em possuir uma silhueta menor que a atual. Já entre os homens houve a tendência (66,7%) a desejarem uma silhueta maior do que a atual. Além do sexo a percepção com a IC foi associada com o estado nutricional (p < 0,05), onde se observou que 78,7% dos indivíduos com excesso de peso desejam ter uma silhueta menor do que a atual. Concluísse que a autopercepção da IC esteve associada ao sexo e ao estado nutricional nos universitários<br>This study aimed at evaluating the self-perception of the body image (BI) and associating the BI to socio-demographic indicators, nutritional state and level of physical activities in university students. A cross-sectional study with 394 students was made (136 men and 158 women). The BI perception was measured by means of the silhouette scale, indicating the present silhouette (PS), the ideal silhouette (IS), and the ideal silhouette of the opposed gender (ISO). Demographic variables were also collected (gender, age, part of the day in which they study, occupation), socio-economical level, nutritional state (body mass index) and the level of physical activity (IPAQ - Short version). The descriptive analysis and the qui-square association test were used to analyze the data. The dissatisfaction prevalence with the BI was of 61.2% (n = 180), being 61% men and 61.4% women. The silhouette 2 was pointed by 57% and 38.2% of women and men as the IS, respectively. Silhouettes 3 and 4 were pointed as the IS by 38.2% of the women and 39.7% of the men. Silhouette 3 was identified as the ISO (63.2% male and 56.3% female). Women showed a higher prevalence (67.6%) of having a smaller silhouette than the present one. Men showed a tendency (66.7%) to prefer a bigger silhouette than the present one. Besides the gender, the BI perception was associated with the nutritional state (p < 0.05), in which it was observed that 78.7% of the overweight subjects to have a smaller silhouette than they have at present. The conclusion is that the BI self-perception was associated with gender and nutritional state of the university student

O enfoque qualitativo na avaliação do consumo alimentar: fundamentos, aplicações e considerações operacionais The qualitative approach in the evaluation of food consumption: fundamentals, applications and operational considerations

Disputas grosso modo infundadas entre defensores dos enfoques qualitativo e quantitativo têm impedido o reconhecimento dos benefícios das aplicações combinadas de ambos os métodos em um mesmo estudo, ou seja, de uma abordagem multidimensional e integrada. Não obstante, em anos recentes, o campo da Nutrição em Saúde Coletiva vem vivenciando um aumento na condução de estudos orientados não apenas pela mensuração, mas pela combinação de métodos qualitativos e quantitativos. Com efeito, o enfoque qualitativo tem muito a contribuir para a investigação do consumo alimentar, dentre vários outros objetos e temáticas, nas quais sobressai a importância do aprofundamento da compreensão da produção subjetiva, expressa em crenças, atitudes e comportamentos. Este artigo resume a natureza, os fundamentos e a utilidade do enfoque qualitativo em pesquisas no âmbito da alimentação e nutrição, esclarecendo como esses métodos têm sido ou podem ser usados para estudar os complexos problemas que se apresentam nesse campo, circunscrevendo a discussão ao âmbito dos estudos sobre consumo alimentar. A integração de ambos os métodos, qualitativo e quantitativo, mediante a complementaridade metodológica, pode minimizar os limites do emprego de cada enfoque de forma isolada.<br>Unfounded disputes between advocates of qualitative and quantitative approaches have hindered the recognition of the benefits of combined application of both methods in the same study, ie, a multidimensional and integrated approach. Nevertheless, in recent years, the field of Nutrition in Public Health has experienced an increase in conducting studies guided not only by measurement, but by the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Indeed, the qualitative approach has much to contribute to research in food consumption, among many other objects and themes, in which stands the importance of deepening the understanding of subjective production, expressed in beliefs, attitudes and behaviors. This paper summarizes the nature, rationale and usefulness of the qualitative research approach in Food and Nutrition, explaining how these methods have been or may be used to study the complex problems that arise in this field, limiting the discussion to the scope of the studies on food consumption. The integration of both methods, qualitative and quantitative, by the methodological complementarity, can minimize the limits of use of each approach in isolation