Bounds on universal quantum computation with perturbed 2d cluster states

Motivated by the possibility of universal quantum computation under noise perturbations, we compute the phase diagram of the 2d cluster state Hamiltonian in the presence of Ising terms and magnetic fields. Unlike in previous analysis of perturbed 2d cluster states, we find strong evidence of a very well defined cluster phase, separated from a polarized phase by a line of 1st and 2nd order transitions compatible with the 3d Ising universality class and a tricritical end point. The phase boundary sets an upper bound for the amount of perturbation in the system so that its ground state is still useful for measurement-based quantum computation purposes. Moreover, we also compute the local fidelity with the unperturbed 2d cluster state. Besides a classical approximation, we determine the phase diagram by combining series expansions and variational infinite Projected entangled-Pair States (iPEPS) methods. Our work constitutes the first analysis of the non-trivial effect of few-body perturbations in the 2d cluster state, which is of relevance for experimental proposals.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, revised version, to appear in PR

Drivers Of Organizational Innovativeness Among SMEs in Malaysia Halal Industry

The Malaysia Halal Industry has been one of the lucrative and profitable areas of business in Malaysia with estimated global market value (food and non food) of US$2.1 trillion annually (Industry, 2006). The increasing awareness to select halal products has created a great demand for halal products and services. Malaysia is in a unique spot to become a global halal hub due to its outstanding infrastructure, favourable business atmosphere and well established policies and institutions that support initiatives engaged by the Malaysian Government. Unfortunately, majority of the entrepreneurs (SMEs) are unable to sustain in the market as after three years, the brand name disappear due to innovation, high competition with multinational companies and financial constraints.The main purpose of this paper is to emphasize the drivers of innovativeness in improving business performance among SMEs.Many theorists agreed that the organizational development depends on low or high level of innovativeness. This paper is based on the management behavior towards innovativeness which is crucial for enhancing business performance. It also highlighted the drivers of innovativeness in SMEs Malaysia Halal Industry and a framework for future empirical investigation is proposed

Structure of the Mycobacterium smegmatis alpha-maltose-1-phosphate synthase GlgM

Mycobacterium tuberculosis produces glycogen (also known as alpha-glucan) to help evade human immunity. This pathogen uses the GlgE pathway to generate glycogen rather than the more well known glycogen synthase GlgA pathway, which is absent in this bacterium. Thus, the building block for this glucose polymer is alpha-maltose-1-phosphate rather than an NDP-glucose donor. One of the routes to alpha-maltose-1-phosphate is now known to involve the GlgA homologue GlgM, which uses ADP-glucose as a donor and alpha-glucose-1-phosphate as an acceptor. To help compare GlgA (a GT5 family member) with GlgM enzymes (GT4 family members), the X-ray crystal structure of GlgM from Mycobacterium smegmatis was solved to 1.9 angstrom resolution. While the enzymes shared a GT-B fold and several residues responsible for binding the donor substrate, they differed in some secondary-structural details, particularly in the N-terminal domain, which would be expected to be largely responsible for their different acceptor-substrate specificities

Joint distribution of the first and second eigenvalues at the soft edge of unitary ensembles

The density function for the joint distribution of the first and second eigenvalues at the soft edge of unitary ensembles is found in terms of a Painlev\'e II transcendent and its associated isomonodromic system. As a corollary, the density function for the spacing between these two eigenvalues is similarly characterized.The particular solution of Painlev\'e II that arises is a double shifted B\"acklund transformation of the Hasting-McLeod solution, which applies in the case of the distribution of the largest eigenvalue at the soft edge. Our deductions are made by employing the hard-to-soft edge transitions to existing results for the joint distribution of the first and second eigenvalue at the hard edge \cite{FW_2007}. In addition recursions under $a \mapsto a+1$ of quantities specifying the latter are obtained. A Fredholm determinant type characterisation is used to provide accurate numerics for the distribution of the spacing between the two largest eigenvalues.Comment: 26 pages, 1 Figure, 2 Table

A review of data on abundance, trends in abundance, habitat use and diet of ice-breeding seals in the Southern Ocean

The development of models of marine ecosystems in the Southern Ocean is becoming increasingly important as a means of understanding and managing impacts such as exploitation and climate change. Collating data from disparate sources, and understanding biases or uncertainties inherent in those data, are important first steps for improving ecosystem models. This review focuses on seals that breed in ice habitats of the Southern Ocean (i.e. crabeater seal, Lobodon carcinophaga; Ross seal, Ommatophoca rossii; leopard seal, Hydrurga leptonyx; and Weddell seal, Leptonychotes weddellii). Data on populations (abundance and trends in abundance), distribution and habitat use (movement, key habitat and environmental features) and foraging (diet) are summarised, and potential biases and uncertainties inherent in those data are identified and discussed. Spatial and temporal gaps in knowledge of the populations, habitats and diet of each species are also identified

Effects of flanking sequences and cellular context on subcellular behavior and pathology of mutant HTT

Huntington’s disease (HD) is caused by an expansion of a poly glutamine (polyQ) stretch in the huntingtin protein (HTT) that is necessary to cause pathology and formation of HTT aggregates. Here we ask whether expanded polyQ is sufficient to cause pathology and aggregate formation. By addressing the sufficiency question, one can identify cellular processes and structural parameters that influence HD pathology and HTT subcellular behavior (i.e. aggregation state and subcellular location). Using Drosophila, we compare the effects of expressing mutant full-length human HTT (fl-mHTT) to the effects of mutant human HTTexon1 and to two commonly used synthetic fragments, HTT171 and shortstop (HTT118). Expanded polyQ alone is not sufficient to cause inclusion formation since full-length HTT and HTTex1 with expanded polyQ are both toxic although full-length HTT remains diffuse while HTTex1 forms inclusions. Further, inclusions are not sufficient to cause pathology since HTT171-120Q forms inclusions but is benign and co-expression of HTT171-120Q with non-aggregating pathogenic fl-mHTT recruits fl-mHTT to aggregates and rescues its pathogenicity. Additionally, the influence of sequences outside the expanded polyQ domain is revealed by finding that small modifications to the HTT118 or HTT171 fragments can dramatically alter their subcellular behavior and pathogenicity. Finally, mutant HTT subcellular behavior is strongly modified by different cell and tissue environments (e.g. fl-mHTT appears as diffuse nuclear in one tissue and diffuse cytoplasmic in another but toxic in both). These observations underscore the importance of cellular and structural context for the interpretation and comparison of experiments using different fragments and tissues to report the effects of expanded polyQ

Effect of chemical disorder on NiMnSb investigated by Appearance Potential Spectroscopy: a theoretical study

The half-Heusler alloy NiMnSb is one of the local-moment ferromagnets with unique properties for future applications. Band structure calculations predict exclusively majority bands at the Fermi level, thus indicating {100%} spin polarization there. As one thinks about applications and the design of functional materials, the influence of chemical disorder in these materials must be considered. The magnetization, spin polarization, and electronic structure are expected to be sensitive to structural and stoichiometric changes. In this contribution, we report on an investigation of the spin-dependent electronic structure of NiMnSb. We studied the influence of chemical disorder on the unoccupied electronic density of states by use of the ab-initio Coherent Potential Approximation method. The theoretical analysis is discussed along with corresponding spin-resolved Appearance Potential Spectroscopy measurements. Our theoretical approach describes the spectra as the fully-relativistic self-convolution of the matrix-element weighted, orbitally resolved density of states.Comment: JPD submitte