11 research outputs found

    Évaluation de l’activitĂ© antifongique et de la phytotoxicitĂ© de Isoberlinia doka craib & staff

    Get PDF
    This study has been designed to contribute to search alternative solutions based on plant extracts against phytopatogenic fungi. It aims to test the efficacy of ethanolic extract (70%) of Isoberlinia doka trunk bark on the mycelial growth of eight phytopagenic fungi species and on maize and cowpea seedlings germination and growth. The results showed that the ethanolic extract inhibits mycelial growth. This extract has showed an interesting efficiency on three fungi such as Colletotrichum dematium, Curvularia lunata and Fusarium verticilloides. Among these fungi, Curvularia lunata was the most sensitive with a rate of inhibition of mycelial growth of 52.35% after four days incubation at 10 mg / ml. After seven days incubation, the extract was more effective in reducing Fusarium verticilloides mycelial growth with 50,70% inhibition rate at the same concentration. After the phytotoxicity tests, it was found that this extract had no phytotoxic effect on the germination and growth of maize seedlings while it reduced significantly seed germination and cowpea seedling growth. The ethanolic extract of I. doka bark has antifungal properties and did not inhibited maize growth parameters. It could be used in maize seed treatment. Investigations could also be made into the herbicidal properties of some invasive legumes close to cowpea

    Evaluation of the Potential of Trichoderma harzianum as a Plant Growth Promoter and Biocontrol Agent against Fusarium Damping-off in Onion in Burkina Faso

    No full text
    This study is about an assessment of plant growth promoter and biocontrol properties of Trichoderma harzianum in onion. Two isolates of T. harzianum one originating from Eco-T (South Africa) and the other from a onion field soil (Burkina Faso) were evaluated for their use as onion growth promoters and their efficiency in protecting onion seedlings against damping-off caused by Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani. T. harzianum was used for coating onion seeds with a conidial suspension concentrated to 107 spores/ml and for directly spraying onion seedbeds with the same conidial suspension. Sowing was done with coated seeds in trays containing a doubly sterilized substrate inoculated or not with Fusarium strains. Non-coated seeds were sowed in the same substrate sprayed with T. harzianum conidial suspension and inoculated or not with Fusarium strains. All trays were kept in greenhouse for one month. Coating the seeds and spraying the seedbeds with the conidial suspension of the two T. harzianum isolates led to a significant increase in the number of living seedlings, seedling length, root length, number of leaves and fresh weight of seedlings 30 days after sowing in sterilized soils. Sowing the T. harzianum coated seeds in soils inoculated with Fusarium led to a significant reduction in seedling damping-off due to the pathogens and improved the growth parameters of seedlings compared with non-coated seeds. Spraying the conidial suspension of T. harzianum isolates on seedbeds inoculated with both Fusarium strains produced the same results, but at a lower intensity than was the case with seed coating. These results reveal that the use of an indigenous isolate of T. harzianum originated from Burkina Faso could be a novel biocontrol strategy against the damping-off of onion seeds in an environmentally sustainable way. This paper discusses further development of a simple and accessible method for the mass production and conservation of T. harzianum and the search for an effective and inexpensive sticker for seed coating. An isolate of T. harzianum native to Burkina Faso was shown to improve the germination of onion seeds and to protect seedlings against Fusarium damping-off. This isolate can be exploited in the development of integrated onion crop protection in West Africa

    In vitro Evaluation of Antagonistic Activity of Trichoderma harzianum Pers. Isolates against Three Fungal Species Pathogens of Onion in Burkina Faso

    No full text
    L'action antagoniste de cinq isolats de Trichoderma harzianum Pers. dont quatre obtenus au Burkina Faso et un originaire de l'Afrique du Sud a été évaluée in vitro contre Aspergillus niger van Tieghem, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cepae Schlecht. Emend. Snyd & Hans et Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. considérés comme les principaux agents pathogÚnes fongiques rencontrés sur l'oignon au Burkina Faso. Les espÚces pathogÚnes et antagonistes ont été misezs en co-culture en confrontation directe dans des boites de Petri pendant 7 jours et les diamÚtres de croissance des pathogÚnes en présence ou non des antagonistes ont été relevés. Les deux isolats ayant présenté les plus forts taux d'antagonisme ont ensuite été mis en co-culture en confrontation à distance dans deux boites de Petri assemblées avec du parafilm et mis en culture. Tous les isolats de Trichoderma harzianum testés en confrontation directe ont inhibé la croissance in vitro des trois espÚces pathogÚnes avec des coefficients d'antagonisme compris entre 0.61 et 0.93 et entre 0.01 et 0.24 en confrontation à distance. Les isolats ThTab du Burkina Faso et ThAfs de l'Afrique du Sud ont été les plus efficaces et ont exercé une action myco-parasitaire sur les trois espÚces pahtogÚnes. Les modes d'action des antagonistes et les formes d'utilisation possibles en lutte biologique sont discutés

    ActivitĂ© antifongique d’extraits aqueux de Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf., Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. et Portulaca oleracea (L.) contre les principaux champignons transmis par les semences d’oignon (Allium cepa L.) au Burkina Faso

    No full text
    Aspergillus and Fusarium species are the major seed-borne fungi occurring on onion in Burkina Faso according to a previous study. In order to work out effective, available and healthy method of seed treatment against these fungi, this study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of three local botanical species. Mycelial growth of Aspergillus niger, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani was evaluated in vitro on media prepared with aqueous extracts of Cymbopogon citratus, Eclipta alba and Portulaca oleracea. The health and germination quality of seeds previously treated with the best aqueous extracts were then evaluated. The aqueous extract of C. citratus significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of all Fusarium species at rates ranged from 42,8 to 92,0% but stimulated the growth of A. niger. Those of P. oleracea inhibited the mycelial growth of all tested fungi at rates ranged from 3,2 to 42,4% while those of E. alba stimulated the mycelial growth of all tested fungi. Seed treatment with the extracts of C. citratus and P. oleracea allowed reducing their infection rates by fungi of over 50%. However, the emergence and growth of seedlings were respectively reduced by P. oleracea and C. citratus compared to those of untreated seeds. Our study concludes that both aqueous extracts have proven antifungal properties. The appropriated shape and dose of use, that does not affect the seedling emergence and growth, should be sought

    Identification of seed-borne fungi of onion (Allium cepa L.) in Burkina Faso

    No full text
    This study was carried out to assess the seed-borne fungi of onion in Burkina Faso. Eighteen onion seed samples were collected from local farmers and wholesalers of vegetable seeds in the country and were investigated for fungi. The investigation was done using the “blotter method” on dry seeds and on seedlings. Fungal contamination was detected in all 18 tested samples. Seventeen fungal species belonging to 11 fungal genera were identified in the seed samples: Aspergillus was detected in 17 samples, Fusarium and Rhizopus in 15 samples, Cladosporium in 14 samples and Penicillium in 13 samples. Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum, known to be the causal agents of black mould and basal rot diseases, were detected in 17 and 11 samples, respectively, by seed analysis and in 10 and 9 samples, respectively, by seedling analysis. The infection rates by the fungal species varied from 0 to 90.3% for A. niger and from 0 to 13.5% for F. oxysporum. Alternaria porri, the causal agent of purple blotch disease was recorded lowly on two seed samples at infection rates of 0,5 and 1%. Exotic seed samples showed better health quality compared to local seed samples. These results indicated that the seeds locally produced by farmers in Burkina Faso are for low health quality and needs strong treatments before use to avoid diseases appearance in fields

    Assessment of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) producers'exposure level to pesticides, in Kouka and Toussiana (Burkina Faso)

    Get PDF
    To assess producers’ exposure level to pesticides in vegetable production in Burkina Faso, a study was carried out in 2016 and 2017 among 30 tomato producers in the municipalities of Kouka and Toussiana. Eighteen (18) commercial formulations were identified, with more than 50% of pesticides destined for cotton production. Eleven active substances have been identified and the most frequently used are -cyhalothrin (35%), acetamiprid (22%) and profenofos (13%). The most commonly used chemical families are pyrethroids (28%) and organophosphates (18%). The study revealed a low level of training for producers, a high use of pesticides according to the Frequency Treatment Indicator, and a very low level of protection used by producers. The Health Risk Index shows that active substances such as methomyl, -cyhalothrin and profenofos present very high risk to operators’ health. Based on the UK-POEM model, the predictive exposure levels obtained varied from 0.0105 mg/kg body weight/day to 1.7855 mg/kg body weight/day, which is several times higher than the Acceptable Operator Exposure Level. However, the study also shows that exposure can be greatly reduced if the required Personal Protective Equipment is worn. Producers’ awareness and training on integrated pest management are necessary to reduce the risks linked to the pesticides use in Burkina Faso.PIC Project “Integrated Management of Phytosanitary Problems in Burkina Faso

    Evaluation de différentes formulations de compost associés ou non au Tricoderma H. et aux champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires sur le rendement de la tomate et sur le sol en conditions semi-contrÎlées

    No full text
    Dans les systĂšmes de production maraĂźchĂšre au Burkina Faso, la pression parasitaire constitue la contrainte majeure, entrainant une rĂ©duction importante des rendements. Cela conduit les producteurs Ă  une utilisation non raisonnĂ©e et excessive de pesticides chimiques. Ces exploitations maraĂźchĂšres sont aussi caractĂ©risĂ©es par des apports souvent dĂ©sĂ©quilibrĂ©s et excessifs en engrais minĂ©raux. Ces pratiques engendrent ainsi des problĂšmes d’ordre environnementaux et sanitaires. Afin de contribuer Ă  accroitre durablement la productivitĂ© des cultures maraĂźchĂšres par des pratiques respectueuses de la santĂ© humaine et de l’environnement, une expĂ©rimentation a Ă©tĂ© conduite sur la tomate ( Solanum lycopersicum )en milieu semi-contrĂŽlĂ© en vue d’évaluer diffĂ©rentes pratiques agro-Ă©cologiques. Dans un dispositif en split-plot, deux modes de traitement phytosanitaires associĂ©s Ă  7 types de fumure ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©s. Les types de fumures sont T1 (30 t/ha de compost seul), T2 (Champignon mycorhizien arbusculaire (CMA) seul), T3 (30 t/ha de compost + CMA), T4 (30 t/ha de compost inoculĂ© au Trichoderma harzianum souche Tabtenga), T5 (30 t/ha de compost inoculĂ© au T. harzianum conditionnĂ© par GIE BIOPROTECT), T6 (30 t/ha de compost inoculĂ© au T. harzianum souche Tabtenga + CMA) et T7 (30 t/ha de compost inoculĂ© au T. harzianum conditionnĂ© par GIE BIOPROTECT + CMA). La croissance des plants, les biomasses aĂ©riennes et racinaires et le rendement en tomates fraĂźches et sĂšches ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©es. Les rĂ©sultats montrent que la vitesse de croissance est plus Ă©levĂ©e suite Ă  l’inoculation avec des champignons mycorhyziens ou du Trichoderma comparĂ© au compost seul. De mĂȘme, l’apport de mycorhize ou de Trichoderma amĂ©liore la biomasse aĂ©rienne et souterraine comparativement au compost seul pour lequel la production de biomasse Ă©tait faible. Aucune diffĂ©rence significative n’a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e entre les traitements mycorhizes et Trichoderma en ce qui concerne la hauteur et de la biomasse sĂšche mais les traitements T6 et T5 enregistrent respectivement la biomasse fraiche aĂ©rienne et racinaire la plus Ă©levĂ©e. Il apparait que l’inoculation par des mycorhizes ou diverses souches de Trichoderma permet de stimuler fortement la croissance et la biomasse de tomate. Moyennant une Ă©valuation in situ, ces pratiques pourraient dĂšs lors permettre de rĂ©duire voire d’éliminer le recours Ă  des produits de synthĂšses

    Distribution and damage associated with the onion thrips, Thrips tabaci L. (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) according to the agro-climatic zone in Burkina Faso

    Get PDF
    RESUME L’oignon est le premier lĂ©gume produit au Burkina Faso. Thrips tabaci constitue son principal insecte ravageur. Ce travail avait pour objectif d’évaluer la distribution, l’incidence et la sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© des attaques de T. tabaci sur l’oignon. L’étude a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e dans trois bassins de production reprĂ©sentatifs de deux zones agroĂ©cologiques du Burkina Faso : la zone sahĂ©lienne caractĂ©risĂ©e par une pluviositĂ© moyenne annuelle infĂ©rieure Ă  600 mm et une tempĂ©rature moyenne annuelle de 35 °C ; contre une pluviositĂ© moyenne annuelle comprise entre 600 et 900 mm et une tempĂ©rature moyenne annuelle de 33 °C pour la zone nord soudanienne Nous avons rĂ©alisĂ© des prospections dans 45 parcelles paysannes dans les zones de production ciblĂ©es. Des plantes d’oignon ont Ă©tĂ© prĂ©levĂ©es dans trois quadrats posĂ©s sur une des diagonales de chaque parcelle, et les thrips trouvĂ©s sur chaque plante de chaque quadrat comptĂ©s. Tous les plants Ă  l’intĂ©rieur du quadrat ont Ă©tĂ© donc observĂ©s. La densitĂ© moyenne la plus Ă©levĂ©e (216 ±385 thrips au m2) a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e dans la rĂ©gion du Nord tandis que l’incidence moyenne la plus Ă©levĂ©e (95,91±8,92%) a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e dans la Boucle du Mouhoun. La plus faible sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© (19,29±13,27%) a Ă©tĂ© enregistrĂ©e dans le Plateau central. Cette Ă©tude est un premier pas vers le dĂ©veloppement de stratĂ©gies alternatives de lutte contre les parasites dans le cadre de systĂšmes de production vĂ©gĂ©tale durables Ă  l’aide de bonnes pratiques agricoles et de l’utilisation des pesticides biologiques. © 2020 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Production durable intĂ©grant la recherch
    corecore