16 research outputs found
Liver abscess due to Salmonella enteritidis in a returned traveler with HIV infection: case report and review of the literature
Os pacientes com infecção pelo vĂrus da imunodeficiĂȘncia humana (VIH) apresentam maior frequĂȘncia de bacteremia associada a Salmonella nĂŁo-typhi. PorĂ©m, complicaçÔes focais tĂȘm sido raramente descritas. Os autores relatam um caso de abscesso hepĂĄtico devido a Salmonella enteritidis em paciente com infecção pelo VIH que retornou recentemente a SĂŁo Paulo de uma viagem pelo Caribe. ApĂłs drenagem percutĂąnea do abscesso e tratamento antimicrobiano, observou-se melhora clĂnica e radiolĂłgica. Segundo nossa revisĂŁo, este Ă© o primeiro caso descrito de abscesso hepĂĄtico por Salmonella nĂŁo-typhi em paciente com infecção pelo VIH no Brasil.Bacteremia due to non-typhi Salmonella is more frequent in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, focal complications have been rarely described. We report a case of liver abscess due to Salmonella enteritidis in an HIV-infected patient who recently returned to Sao Paulo, Brazil, from a trip in the Caribbean. A good clinical and radiological response was seen with both percutaneous catheter drainage and antibiotic treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first culture proven case of non-typhi Salmonellaliver abscess in an HIV-infected patient in Brazil
Aspectos clĂnicos e epidemiolĂłgicos da infecção pelo vĂrus linfotrĂłpico de cĂ©lulas T humanas do tipo 2 (HTLV-II) em SĂŁo Paulo, Brasil: presença de paraparesia espĂĄstica tropical/mielopatia associada ao HTLV em pacientes co-infectados pelo HIV-1
In this study, the epidemiological and clinical features observed in solely HTLV-II-infected individuals were compared to those in patients co-infected with HIV-1. A total of 380 subjects attended at the HTLV Out-Patient Clinic in the Institute of Infectious Diseases "Emilio Ribas" (IIER), SĂŁo Paulo, Brazil, were evaluated every 3-6 months for the last seven years by infectious disease specialists and neurologists. Using a testing algorithm that employs the enzyme immuno assay, Western Blot and polymerase chain reaction, it was found that 201 (53%) were HTLV-I positive and 50 (13%) were infected with HTLV-II. Thirty-seven (74%) of the HTLV-II reactors were co-infected with HIV-1. Of the 13 (26%) solely HTLV-II-infected subjects, urinary tract infection was diagnosed in three (23%), one case of skin vasculitis (8%) and two cases of lumbar pain and erectile dysfunction (15%), but none myelopathy case was observed. Among 37 co-infected with HIV-1, four cases (10%) presented with tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM) simile. Two patients showed paraparesis as the initial symptom, two cases first presented with vesical and erectile disturbances, peripheral neuropathies were observed in other five patients (13%), and seven (19%) patients showed some neurological signal or symptoms, most of them with lumbar pain (five cases). The results obtained suggest that neurological manifestations may be more frequent in HTLV-II/HIV-1-infected subjects than those infected with HTLV-II only.Neste estudo, as caracterĂsticas epidemiolĂłgicas e clĂnicas observadas nos indivĂduos infectados pelo HTLV-II foram comparadas com os pacientes co-infectados com HIV-1. Um total de 380 indivĂduos atendidos na clĂnica do AmbulatĂłrio HTLV do Instituto de Infectologia "Emilio Ribas" (IIER), SĂŁo Paulo, Brasil, foram avaliados a cada 3-6 meses nos Ășltimos sete anos por especialistas em doenças infecciosas e neurologistas. Usando um algoritmo que emprega ensaio imunoenzimĂĄtico, Western Blot e reação em cadeia de polimerase, foram incluĂdos 201 (53%) pacientes infectados pelo HTLV-I e 50 (13%) infectados pelo HTLV-II. Trinta e sete (74%) eram co-infectados pelo HTLV-II e HIV-1. Dos 13 (26%) indivĂduos unicamente infectados pelo HTLV-II, infecção do trato urinĂĄrio foi diagnosticada em trĂȘs, um com vasculite e em dois casos dor lombar e disfunção erĂ©til mas nenhum caso de mielopatia foi observado. Entre 37 pacientes co-infectados com HIV-1, quatro (10%) casos apresentaram com paraparesia espĂĄstica tropical/mielopatia associada ao HTLV similar. Dois casos mostraram paraparesia como sintoma inicial, dois outros casos se apresentaram primeiramente com distĂșrbios vesical e erĂ©til e as neuropatias perifĂ©ricas foram observadas em cinco pacientes (13%). Outros sete (19%) pacientes mostraram algum sinal ou sintoma neurolĂłgico, a maioria deles com dor lombar (cinco casos). Os resultados sugerem que as manifestaçÔes neurolĂłgicas podem ser mais freqĂŒentes em indivĂduos co-infectados pelo HTLV-II/HIV-1 do que nos indivĂduos infectados somente pelo HTLV-II
BK virus associated meningoencephalitis in an AIDS patient treated with HAART
A severely immune-suppressed AIDS patient was suspected of suffering from BK virus (BKV) meningoencephalitis, after being studied for common causes of neurological complications of co-infectious origin. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis of cerebrospinal fluid and brain samples, confirmed the presence of BKV. His clinical condition improved along with the regression of brain lesions, after modifications on his antiretroviral regime. Five months after discharge, the patient was readmitted because of frequent headaches, and a marked inflammatory reaction was evidenced by a new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The symptoms paralleled a rising CD4+ lymphocyte count, and immune reconstitution syndrome was suspected. This is the first non-postmortem report of BKV meningoencephalitis in an AIDS patient, showing clinical and radiographic improvement solely under HAART
SĂndrome da imunodeficiĂȘncia adquirida: descrição anĂĄtomo-patolĂłgica de dois casos de necropsia
Os Autores apresentam dois casos de SĂndrome de ImunodeficiĂȘncia Adquirida com ĂȘnfase aos achados de necropsia. A criptococose generalizada de padrĂŁo miliar, infreqĂŒente, e a pneumocistose foram infecçÔes oportunĂsticas de curso fatal pela destruição parenquimatosa de ĂłrgĂŁos vitais que acarretaram. Ă destacado o papel etiopatogĂȘnico do citomegalovĂrus, pela concomitĂąncia de infecção em ambos os casos e associação aos ĂłrgĂŁos mais afetados. Extensa necrose de supra-renal foi constatada, possivelmente secundĂĄria Ă destruição celular viral pelo CMV
Cerebral infarction related to cryptococcal meningitis in an HIV-infected patient: case report and literature review
Neurological dysfunction as the first manifestation of AIDS has been found in 10 to 20% of symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infections. However, stroke has rarely been reported in AIDS patients. The most common causes of cerebral infarction in AIDS are central nervous system infections: toxoplasmosis, cryptococcal meningitis and tuberculosis. Potential vascular mechanisms for cerebral infarction and transient neurological deficits among AIDS patients include deposition of antigen-antibody complexes with vasculitis and infarction, and a direct toxic effect of a viral antigen or infectious agent on vascular endothelium. The role of cryptococcal meningitis in vasculopathy is still not clear. We report a case of cerebral infarction in an HIV-infected patient, with cryptococcal meningitis as the first manifestation of AIDS
Presence of tropical spastic paraparesis/human Tâcell lymphotropic virus type 1âassociated myelopathy (TSP/HAM)âlike among HIVâ1âinfected patients
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIVâ1) and human Tâcell lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 (HTLVâ1 and â2) are retroviruses that share similar routes of transmission and some individuals may have a dual infection. These coâinfected subjects may be at increased risk for tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLVâ1âassociated myelopathy (TSP/HAM)âlike. To study the prevalence of tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLVâ1âassociated myelopathy (TSP/HAM) among coâinfected HIVâ1/HTLVâ1 subjects. Since July 1997, our group has been following a cohort to study the interaction of HTLV with HIV and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV), as well as HTLVâ1âonly infected asymptomatic carriers or those already presenting with TSP/HAM. During these 9 years, 296 HTLVâ1âinfected individuals were identified from a total of 538 patients who were referred to our clinic at the Institute of Infectious Diseases âEmĂlio Ribas,â in SĂŁo Paulo, Brazil. All subjects were evaluated by two neurologists, blinded to the HTLV status. TSP/HAM diagnosis was based on Kagoshima diagnostic criteria. Results: A total of 38 HIVâ1/HTLVâ1 coâinfected subjects were identified in this cohort: Twentyâsix had already been diagnosed with AIDS and 12 remained asymptomatic. Six of 38 coâinfected subjects (18%) were diagnosed as having TSP/HAM and also AIDS, and for 5 of them TSP/HAM was their first illness. One additional incident case was diagnosed after 2 years of followâup. No modifications on HIVâ1 viral load was seen. In contrast, the coâinfected with TSP/HAMâlike group showed higher HTLVâ1 proviral load (505â±â380 vs. 97â±â149 copies/104 PBMC, Pâ= 0.012) than asymptomatic coâinfected subjects, respectively. The incidence of myelopathy among HIVâ1/HTLVâ1 coâinfected subjects is probably higher than among patients infected only with HTLVâ1, and related to a higher HTLVâ1 proviral load. Thus, HTLVâ1/2 screening should be done for all HIVâ1âinfected patients in areas where HTLVâ1 infection is endemic80339239
Corticosteroid therapy in TSP/HAM patients: The results from a 10 years open cohort
Background: The use of corticosteroids for treating tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM) has yielded controversial results. We report the use of corticosteroids for the treatment of TSP/HAM in an open cohort. Methods: The clinical efficacy of long-term, high dose of corticosteroid therapy was studied in thirty-nine TSP/HAM patients. Disability and motor dysfunction was evaluated based on the Disability Status Scale (DSS), Osame`s Motor Disability Scales (OMDS), and Incapacity Status Scale (ISS), before and after treatment. Treatment included use of methyl-predmisolone, 1 g/day for three days, every 3-4 months. The primary end-point was a change in the scores of the neurological scales from baseline until the fifth visit after therapy. Results: After a mean follow-up of 2.2 years and an average of four pulses per patient, we noted a significant neurological improvement, reaching 24.5% according to the ISS score. No statistically significant differences in scores according to the OMDS and DSS scales were noted. Conclusion: We observed neurological improvement with the use of corticosteroids, with physical therapy and anti spastic-drugs as adjunctive treatment. However, randomized clinical trials should be done to assess the use of corticosteroids and other potentially useful immune-based therapies for TSP/HAM treatment. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved