NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE FLOW AROUND A SQUARE CYLINDER USING THE VORTEX METHOD

The study of external incompressible flows around bluff bodies finds extensive applicability to real-life problems. Such flows are characterized by unsteady flow separation for high values of the Reynolds number, where a Von Karman-type periodic wake is formed. The prediction of these flows is very difficult, and one has usually to rely on specific experimental data to calculate the aerodynamic forces on the body. In order to numerically simulate this flow, this paper uses a new mesh-free two-dimensional Discrete Vortex Method associated with a Panel Method to calculate the lift and drag coefficients, as well as the pressure coefficient on a square cylinder, for a high Reynolds number flow. Lamb vortices are generated along the cylinder surface, whose strengths are determined to ensure that the no-slip condition is satisfied and that circulation is conserved. The impermeability condition is imposed through a source panel method, so that mass conservation is explicitly enforced. The dynamics of the body wake is computed using the convection-diffusion splitting algorithm, where the diffusion process is simulated using the random walk method, and the convection process is carried out with a lagrangian second-order time-marching scheme. Results for the aerodynamic forces and pressure distribution are presented

Construindo a participação social no SUS: um constante repensar em busca de equidade e transformação

Trata-se de um ensaio que expõe reflexões sobre a busca e o exercício da participação social no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), compreendendo seu conceito como as diferentes ações dos grupos sociais que influenciam a formulação, execução, fiscalização e avaliação das políticas públicas. Por isso o fato de a comunidade participar no sistema de saúde é visto como condição fundamental para o exercício pleno da saúde, capaz de promover equidade e de transformar a atenção à saúde. As ações de construir a cidadania e formar sujeitos coletivos são tomadas como fundamentos para a conquista de espaços democráticos e de direitos sociais. Mapeou-se a normatização atual referente à participação popular, considerando seus avanços, mas explicitando também suas fragilidades, principalmente no que tange aos conselhos e conferências de saúde. No ambiente dos espaços institucionais de participação, foram destacados elementos necessários para consolidar e efetivar a participação popular, como a relação entre os atores e a comunicação para a socializar as informações e conhecimentos em saúde. Busca-se também problematizar o assunto, trazendo à tona alguns dos obstáculos e críticas relativos à participação social. Pretende-se, com este ensaio, colaborar para a democratização dos diferentes espaços de escuta da sociedade civil, tornando-os locais cada vez mais apropriados para as tomadas de decisão sobre a construção de políticas e serviços de saúde, dos quais a população se apropria coletivamente, superando a simples obrigatoriedade burocrática da participação e contribuindo para a saúde e qualidade de vida.It concerns an essay that presents reflections on the search and the practice of the social participation in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), including the understanding of its concept as to how the different actions of the social groups influence the formularization, execution, fiscalization and evaluation of the public policies. Therefore the participation of the community in the health system is considered an essential condition for the full exercise of the health, capable of promoting fairness and to transforming the health attention. The building of citizenship and the formation of collective citizens are taken as beddings for the conquest of democratic spaces and social rights. The current normalization of the public participation has been mapped considering its advances, but also stating its fragilities, mainly those that concerning the participation out of health councils and conferences. In the institutional environment, some elements where pointed as necessary to consolidate and effect the communitarian participation, like the relation between the actors and the communication for the socialization of health information and knowledge. Questions of the subject are also sought by bringing to attention some of the critical obstacles in relation to the social participation. This essay is intended to collaborate in behalf of the real democratization of the different spaces where the civil society can be heard, transforming these places in more appropriate locations to make decisions concerning the construction of health policies and services. The population can benefit from these spaces collectively surpassing the simple bureaucratic obligatoriness of the participation and contributing for the health and quality of life