Diagnostic différential des lésions focales hépatiques avec corrélations anatomopathologiques

Starting from the macroscopic, microscopic and circulatory characteristics of focal liver lesions, we aimed at assessing the possibilities and the limits of their radiological differential diagnosis. We compared the normal hepatic parenchyma (in terms of: general morphology, cellularity, necrosis, macro- and micro-circulation) and the lesions, assessed following the radiological features of echoreflectivity, RX density, contrast dynamics and specific contrast uptake. The association of morphologic and dynamic features can sometimes lead to an excellent diagnostic specificity (by example: angioma); in other fields, interesting results are noted, but the limits of every modality require further evaluation. This study applies to the following focal lesions: angioma, focal hyperplasia, adenoma, regeneration nodule, hepatocarcinoma. metastasis

Prognostic factors for sudden drops in hearing level after minor head injury in patients with an enlarged vestibular aqueduct: A meta-analysis

Objective: To identify factors associated with sudden drops in hearing level after minor head trauma in patients with an enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA). Methods: A systematic review of the literature on sudden drops in hearing level after minor head trauma in patients with an EVA was conducted. The studies were retrieved from Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane and critically appraised using predefined criteria. Data on all described parameters were collected, and their relation with sudden drops after minor head trauma was statistically analyzed. Results: Pooled data of 31 articles included 179 patients with 351 EVAs. Drops in hearing level after minor head trauma were experienced by 34% of the patients. We found a significant association between sudden deterioration of hearing after minor head trauma and preexisting fluctuating hearing loss (HL) (odds ratio, 8.6; p G 0.001; 95% confidence interval, 3.9Y19.3). The diameter of the VA, type of preexisting HL, severity of HL, preexisting progressive HL, and the diagnosis Pendred syndrome were not significantly associated with sudden drops in hearing levels after head trauma. Conclusion: Only one-third of the patients with a proven EVA experienced sudden drops in hearing level because of head trauma. There is a significant association between preexisting fluctuating HL and the chance of sudden drops in hearing level caused by trauma. Stringent lifestyle advices, like avoiding activities with a risk of minor head trauma such as contact sports, might be restricted to patients with a fluctuating HL and those with a history of sudden drops on minor head trauma

Exploration of cell state heterogeneity using single-cell proteomics through sensitivity-tailored data-independent acquisition

Abstract Single-cell resolution analysis of complex biological tissues is fundamental to capture cell-state heterogeneity and distinct cellular signaling patterns that remain obscured with population-based techniques. The limited amount of material encapsulated in a single cell however, raises significant technical challenges to molecular profiling. Due to extensive optimization efforts, single-cell proteomics by Mass Spectrometry (scp-MS) has emerged as a powerful tool to facilitate proteome profiling from ultra-low amounts of input, although further development is needed to realize its full potential. To this end, we carry out comprehensive analysis of orbitrap-based data-independent acquisition (DIA) for limited material proteomics. Notably, we find a fundamental difference between optimal DIA methods for high- and low-load samples. We further improve our low-input DIA method by relying on high-resolution MS1 quantification, thus enhancing sensitivity by more efficiently utilizing available mass analyzer time. With our ultra-low input tailored DIA method, we are able to accommodate long injection times and high resolution, while keeping the scan cycle time low enough to ensure robust quantification. Finally, we demonstrate the capability of our approach by profiling mouse embryonic stem cell culture conditions, showcasing heterogeneity in global proteomes and highlighting distinct differences in key metabolic enzyme expression in distinct cell subclusters

Direct hydrodeoxygenation of raw woody biomass into liquid alkanes

Being the only sustainable source of organic carbon, biomass is playing an ever-increasingly important role in our energy landscape. The conversion of renewable lignocellulosic biomass into liquid fuels is particularly attractive but extremely challenging due to the inertness and complexity of lignocellulose. Here we describe the direct hydrodeoxygenation of raw woods into liquid alkanes with mass yields up to 28.1 wt% over a multifunctional Pt/NbOPO4 catalyst in cyclohexane. The superior performance of this catalyst allows simultaneous conversion of cellulose, hemicellulose and, more significantly, lignin fractions in the wood sawdust into hexane, pentane and alkylcyclohexanes, respectively. Investigation on the molecular mechanism reveals that a synergistic effect between Pt, NbOx species and acidic sites promotes this highly efficient hydrodeoxygenation of bulk lignocellulose. No chemical pretreatment of the raw woody biomass or separation is required for this one-pot process, which opens a general and energy-efficient route for converting raw lignocellulose into valuable alkanes