Os primórdios da organização do espaço territorial e da vila cearense: algumas notas

This paper presents, in outline, the action taken by economic agents, representatives of the Church and the Portuguese State in organizing the space of the Captaincy of Ceará in the eighteenth century. The Portuguese State founded towns in strategic locations for better capitalization of the cattle breeder economy, where first settled sesmeiros and the Church. There was no reason or justification of geopolitical nature that demanded technical and financial investments by the Portuguese in the full adequacy of the local conditions to Portuguese urban guidelines. In the face of the late occupation, the article also discusses the late cartographic representation as expressing the lack of interests of the Portuguese administration in relation to a fuller understanding of the region

Nitrogen input on organic amendments alters the pattern of soil–microbe-plant co-dependence

The challenges of nitrogen (N) management in agricultural fields include minimizing N losses while maximizing profitability and soil health. Crop residues can alter N and carbon (C) cycle processes in the soil and modulate the responses of the subsequent crop and soil– microbe-plant interactions. Here, we aim to understand how organic amendments with low and high C/N ratio, combined or not with mineral N may change soil bacterial community and their activity in the soil. Organic amendments with different C/N ratios were combined or not with N fertilization as follows: i) unamended soil (control), ii) grass clover silage (GC; low C/N ratio), and iii) wheat straw (WS; high C/N ratio). The organic amendments modulated the bacterial community assemblage and increased microbial activity. WS amendment had the strongest effects on hot water extractable carbon, microbial biomass N and soil respiration, which were linked with changes in bacterial community composition compared with GC-amended and unamended soil. By contrast, N transformation processes in the soil were more pronounced in GC-amended and unamended soil than in WS-amended soil. These responses were stronger in the presence of mineral N input. WS amendment induced greater N immobilization in the soil, even with mineral N input, impairing crop development. Interestingly, N input in unamended soil altered the co-dependence between the soil and the bacterial community to favor a new co-dependence among the soil, plant and microbial activity. In GC-amended soil, N fertilization shifted the dependence of the crop plant from the bacterial community to soil characteristics. Finally, the combined N input with WS amendment (organic carbon input) placed microbial activity at the center of the interrelationships between the bacterial community, plant, and soil. This emphasizes the crucial importance of microorganisms in the functioning of agroecosystems. To achieve higher yields in crops managed with various organic amendments, it is essential to incorporate mineral N management practices. This becomes particularly crucial when the soil amendments have a high C/N ratio

Um estudo empírico do impacto da governança de ti no desempenho organizacional

Recentemente, tem sido foco de interesse entre os executivos o tema governança de TI, de modo a justificar os investimentos realizados em Tecnologia da Informação (TI). Algumas pesquisas têm levantado indícios de que empresas que possuem bons modelos de governança de TI apresentam resultados superiores aos de seus concorrentes. Entretanto, as pesquisas científicas realizadas até agora não permitiram concluir se um desempenho superior da governança de TI se reflete no resultado financeiro. Dessa forma, buscou-se verificar se as empresas que adotaram mecanismos de Governança de TI melhoraram seu desempenho financeiro, comparando indicadores de performance pré e pós-adoção. O estudo permitiu concluir que as empresas que adotaram tais mecanismos melhoraram significativamente seu desempenho quando comparadas ao grupo de empresas que não possuía tais mecanismos, especialmente em relação às medidas de rentabilidade. Identificou-se, ainda, que a diferença entre o desempenho das empresas com governança de TI e as demais foi mais intensa no ano seguinte à adoção do que no ano em que os mecanismos foram adotados.Recently, there has been a great deal of interest from the part of many organizations in the concept of IT governance in order to justify Information Technology (IT) investments. Some studies have shown that companies which have good IT governance models generate higher returns of their IT investments than their competitors. However, there is a lack of scientific research confirming that effective IT governance leads to better financial performance. In this paper, we attempt to determine whether companies that have adopted IT governance mechanisms have improved their financial performance, by measuring pre and post adoption performance indicators. We observed that companies that have adopted IT governance practices have significantly improved their performance when compared to those which have not, particularly in relation to profitability. Furthermore, we found that the differences in performance between companies which have adopted IT governance mechanisms and those which have not are more pronounced in the year following the adoption than in the year in which they were adopted

Embracing Monogenic Parkinson's Disease: The MJFF Global Genetic PD Cohort

BACKGROUND: As gene-targeted therapies are increasingly being developed for Parkinson's disease (PD), identifying and characterizing carriers of specific genetic pathogenic variants is imperative. Only a small fraction of the estimated number of subjects with monogenic PD worldwide are currently represented in the literature and availability of clinical data and clinical trial-ready cohorts is limited. OBJECTIVE: The objectives are to (1) establish an international cohort of affected and unaffected individuals with PD-linked variants; (2) provide harmonized and quality-controlled clinical characterization data for each included individual; and (3) further promote collaboration of researchers in the field of monogenic PD. METHODS: We conducted a worldwide, systematic online survey to collect individual-level data on individuals with PD-linked variants in SNCA, LRRK2 VPS35, PRKN, PINK1, DJ-1, as well as selected pathogenic and risk variants in GBA and corresponding demographic, clinical, and genetic data. All registered cases underwent thorough quality checks, and pathogenicity scoring of the variants and genotype-phenotype relationships were analyzed. RESULTS: We collected 3888 variant carriers for our analyses, reported by 92 centers (42 countries) worldwide. Of the included individuals 3185 had a diagnosis of PD (ie, 1306 LRRK2, 115 SNCA, 23 VPS35 429 PRKN, 75 PINK1, 13 DJ-1, and 1224 GBA) and 703 were unaffected (ie, 328 LRRK2, 32 SNCA, 3 VPS35, 1 PRKN, 1 PINK1, and 338 GBA). In total, we identified 269 different pathogenic variants; 1322 individuals in our cohort (34\%) were indicated as not previously published. CONCLUSIONS: Within the MJFF Global Genetic PD Study Group, we (1) established the largest international cohort of affected and unaffected individuals carrying PD-linked variants; (2) provide harmonized and quality-controlled clinical and genetic data for each included individual; (3) promote collaboration in the field of genetic PD with a view toward clinical and genetic stratification of patients for gene-targeted clinical trials. 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society