Metamaterial waveguide with loss compensation

This paper presents a silicon-based waveguide structure employing split ring resonators (SRRs) and distributed loss compensation mechanism suitable for fabrication. Higher phase constant is obtained by periodically loading waveguide (WG) with SRRs in sub-wavelength dimensions at the cost of extra large amount of losses. To relieve the losses problem, a circuitry is introduced in each SRR to compensate the loss while retaining the high phase constant achieved around the resonant frequency. This proposed waveguide with SRRs whose losses are compensated shows higher phase constant, lower attenuation constant and additional tunability compared to common waveguide. © 2011 IEEE

The effects of probiotic and mannanoligosaccharide on some haematological and immunological parameters in turkeys

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) and probiotic supplementation on haematological and immunological parameters in turkeys. A total of 72, 15-day-old white hybrid converter turkey poults were used in this study. Poults were assigned into three groups, each group consisted of six poults and the trial was repeated four times. The control group was fed a basal diet without supplemented probiotic and MOS, and treatment groups were fed either 1 g/kg MOS or probiotic added diets. At the end of the 15-week treatment period, samples of blood were collected to determine immunological and haematological values. The comparison among the groups showed that both the probiotic and MOS supplementation resulted in significant increases (P 0.05) on these parameters. Total leucocyte and differential leucocyte counts were not affected by dietary MOS and probiotic supplementation. These results show that MOS or probiotic may elevate IgG and IgM levels in turkey. The MOS and probiotic that enhance immunoglobulin levels will have a more positive effect on growth performance, production and turkeys' ability to resist disease

Effects of dietary chromium supplementation on performance, carcass traits, serum metabolites, and tissue chromium levels of Japanese quails

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of various levels of dietary chromium supplementation on performance, carcass traits, blood chemistry, and tissue distribution of chromium (Cr3+) in quails. Two hundred forty 1-d-old Japanese quails were divided into five groups with four replicates and were fed a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 20,40,80, or 100 mg/kg Cr (CrCl3 center dot 6H(2)O) until 38 d of age. Chromium supplementation decreased carcass fat percentage, serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and glucose and increased serum magnesium (Mg) and Cr content of kidney, liver, and muscle. In conclusion, 20, 40, 80, or 100 mg/kg Cr supplementation to quail diet had no effect on performance, chemical composition of carcass except fat percentage, serum protein, calcium (Ca), and inorganic phosphorus (Pi) levels, but reduced serum glucose, LDL and fat percentage of carcass. Chromium is accumulated mainly in the kidneys and liver

Metamaterial waveguide with loss compensation

This paper presents a silicon-based waveguide structure employing split ring resonators (SRRs) and distributed loss compensation mechanism suitable for fabrication. Higher phase constant is obtained by periodically loading waveguide (WG) with SRRs in sub-wavelength dimensions at the cost of extra large amount of losses. To relieve the losses problem, a circuitry is introduced in each SRR to compensate the loss while retaining the high phase constant achieved around the resonant frequency. This proposed waveguide with SRRs whose losses are compensated shows higher phase constant, lower attenuation constant and additional tunability compared to common waveguide. © 2011 IEEE

Evaluation of aflatoxin toxicity in Japanese quails given various doses of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate

In the study, 240 two-week-old quail chicks (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were used. The animals were divided into 8 equal groups: one control and 7 trials. While the control group was fed basal ration (20.69% of raw protein and 3082 kcal/kg of ME), the trial groups were given feed supplemented with various doses of hydrate sodium calcium alumino silicate (HSCAS) alone or with 2.5 ppm of aflatoxin (consisting 78.30% of Af B-1, 14.60% of Af B-2, 4.50% of Af G(1) and 2.60% of Af G(2)). The study lasted 21 d. The feed performance and some biochemical parameters were evaluated on the days 7, 14, and 21, and the histopathology of some organs was assessed on the final day. It was observed that the quails were highly affected by the aflatoxin administered in the feed. The HSCAS administered alone did not cause significant changes in the animals, regardless of the doses applied. The compound protected partly the animals receiving aflatoxin from the adverse affects, however, there was not any correlation between this protective effect and the dose