2,133 research outputs found
Dark Matter from R^2-gravity
The modification of Einstein gravity at high energies is mandatory from a
quantum approach. In this work, we point out that this modification will
necessarily introduce new degrees of freedom. We analyze the possibility that
these new gravitational states can provide the main contribution to the
non-baryonic dark matter of the Universe. Unfortunately, the right ultraviolet
completion of gravity is still unresolved. For this reason, we will illustrate
this idea with the simplest high energy modification of the Einstein-Hilbert
action: R^2-gravity.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
Quantum fields near phantom-energy `sudden' singularities
This paper is committed to calculations near a type of future singularity
driven by phantom energy. At the singularities considered, the scale factor
remains finite but its derivative diverges. The general behavior of barotropic
phantom energy producing this singularity is calculated under the assumption
that near the singularity such fluid is the dominant contributor. We use the
semiclassical formula for renormalized stress tensors of conformally invariant
fields in conformally flat spacetimes and analyze the softening/enhancing of
the singularity due to quantum vacuum contributions. This dynamical analysis is
then compared to results from thermodynamical considerations. In both cases,
the vacuum states of quantized scalar and spinor fields strengthen the
accelerating expansion near the singularity whereas the vacuum states of vector
fields weaken it.Comment: 6 pages RevTe
An evolutionary approach to the optimisation of autonomous pod distribution for application in an urban transportation service
For autonomous vehicles (AVs), which when deployed in urban areas are called “pods”, to be used as part of a commercially viable low-cost urban transport system, they will need to operate efficiently. Among ways to achieve efficiency, is to minimise time vehicles are not serving users. To reduce the amount of wasted time, this paper presents a novel approach for distribution of AVs within an urban environment. Our approach uses evolutionary computation, in the form of a genetic algorithm (GA), which is applied to a simulation of an intelligent transportation service, operating in the city of Coventry, UK. The goal of the GA is to optimise distribution of pods, to reduce the amount of user waiting time. To test the algorithm, real-world transport data was obtained for Coventry, which in turn was processed to generate user demand patterns. Results from the study showed a 30% increase in the number of successful journeys completed in a 24 hours, compared to a random distribution. The implications of these findings could yield significant benefits for fleet management companies. These include increases in profits per day, a decrease in capital cost, and better energy efficiency. The algorithm could also be adapted to any service offering pick up and drop of points, including package delivery and transportation of goods
Instability of (1+1) de sitter space in the presence of interacting fields
Instabilities of two dimensional (1+1) de Sitter space induced by interacting
fields are studied. As for the case of flat Minkowski space, several
interacting fermion models can be translated into free boson ones and vice
versa. It is found that interacting fermion theories do not lead to any
instabilities, while the interacting bosonic sine-Gordon model does lead to a
breakdown of de Sitter symmetry and to the vanishing of the vacuum expectation
value of the S matrix.Comment: 7 page
Hamiltonian approach to the dynamical Casimir effect
A Hamiltonian approach is introduced in order to address some severe problems
associated with the physical description of the dynamical Casimir effect at all
times. For simplicity, the case of a neutral scalar field in a one-dimensional
cavity with partially transmitting mirrors (an essential proviso) is
considered, but the method can be extended to fields of any kind and higher
dimensions. The motional force calculated in our approach contains a reactive
term --proportional to the mirrors' acceleration-- which is fundamental in
order to obtain (quasi)particles with a positive energy all the time during the
movement of the mirrors --while always satisfying the energy conservation law.
Comparisons with other approaches and a careful analysis of the interrelations
among the different results previously obtained in the literature are carried
out.Comment: 4 pages, no figures; version published in Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 (2006)
13040
Hawking radiation from extremal and non-extremal black holes
The relationship between Hawking radiation emitted by non extremal and
extremal Reissner Nordstrom black holes is critically analyzed. A careful study
of a series of regular collapsing geometries reveals that the stress energy
tensor stays regular in the extremal limit and is smoothly connected to that of
non extremal black holes. The unexpected feature is that the late time
transients which played little role in the non extremal case are necessary to
preserve the well defined character of the flux in the extremal case. The known
singular behavior of the static energy density of extremal black holes is
recovered from our series by neglecting these transients, when performing what
turns out to be an illegitimate late time limit. Although our results are
derived in two dimensional settings, we explain why they should also apply to
higher dimensional black holes.Comment: 18 pages, late
Dynamical horizon of evaporating black hole in Vaidya spacetime
We consider how the mass of the black hole decreases by the Hawking radiation
in the Vaidya spacetime, using the concept of dynamical horizon equation,
proposed by Ashtekar and Krishnan. Using the formula for the change of the
dynamical horizon, we derive an equation for the mass incorporating the Hawking
radiation. It is shown that final state is the Minkowski spacetime in our
particular model.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure
Accelerated Detectors and Temperature in (Anti) de Sitter Spaces
We show, in complete accord with the usual Rindler picture, that detectors
with constant acceleration in de Sitter (dS) and Anti de Sitter (AdS)
spaces with cosmological constants measure temperatures , the detector "5-acceleration" in the
embedding flat 5-space. For dS, this recovers a known result; in AdS, where
is negative, the temperature is well defined down to the critical
value , again in accord with the underlying kinematics. The existence
of a thermal spectrum is also demonstrated for a variety of candidate wave
functions in AdS backgrounds.Comment: Latex +2 Fi
Dark Matter Axions Revisited
We study for what specific values of the theoretical parameters the axion can
form the totality of cold dark matter. We examine the allowed axion parameter
region in the light of recent data collected by the WMAP5 mission plus baryon
acoustic oscillations and supernovae, and assume an inflationary scenario and
standard cosmology. If the Peccei-Quinn symmetry is restored after inflation,
we recover the usual relation between axion mass and density, so that an axion
mass makes the axion 100% of the cold dark matter. If
the Peccei-Quinn symmetry is broken during inflation, the axion can instead be
100% of the cold dark matter for provided a specific value
of the initial misalignment angle is chosen in correspondence to a
given value of its mass . Large values of the Peccei-Quinn symmetry
breaking scale correspond to small, perhaps uncomfortably small, values of the
initial misalignment angle .Comment: 14 pages, 3 figure
Asymptotic latent solitons, black strings and black branes in f(R)-gravity
We investigate nonlinear f(R) theories in the Kaluza-Klein models with
toroidal compactification of extra dimensions. A point-like matter source has
the dust-like equation of state in our three dimensions and nonzero equations
of state in the extra dimensions. We obtain solutions of linearized Einstein
equations with this matter source taking into account effects of nonlinearity
of the model. There are two asymptotic regions where solutions satisfy the
gravitational tests at the same level of accuracy as General Relativity.
According to these asymptotic regions, there are two classes of solutions. We
call these solutions asymptotic latent solitons. The asymptotic latent solitons
from the first class generalize the known result of the linear theory. The
asymptotic black strings and black branes are particular cases of these
asymptotic solutions. The second class of asymptotic solitons exists only in
multidimensional nonlinear models. The main feature for both of these classes
of solutions is that the matter sources have tension in the extra dimensions.Comment: RevTex4 5 pages, no figure
- …