From the Western Yangtze craton to the Eastern Tibetan plateau margin : geodynamic evolution using structures, petrological, geochemical and geochronological signatures of magmatic and metamorphic rocks

La géométrie actuelle de l'est du plateau Tibétain, constitué par le Songpan Ganze et les Longmen Shan, est probablement dictée par une différence de rhéologie entre le craton du Yangtze à l'est, et le Songpan Ganze à l'ouest, qui vient buter contre la marge du craton en réponse à la collision Inde-Asie. L'histoire géodynamique de la région a été reconstituée depuis le Néoprotérozoïque, afin d'évaluer l'influence des différents cycles orogéniques sur la structure thermique, minéralogique et chimique actuelle. L'étude des massifs cristallins bordant le craton du Yangtze et de l'ophiolite de San Dao Qiao a montré que durant le Néoprotérozoïque, le craton était bordé par une marge active, avec ouverture de bassins marginaux sous l'influence de panaches mantelliques. L'étude pétrologique et structurale du complexe métamorphique de Danba permet de déterminer que lors de l'orogénèse Indosinienne (200-180Ma), l'exhumation des niveaux structuraux profonds se produit par extrusion le long d'un grand chevauchement ductile. La position des granites du Songpan Ganze par rapport aux sutures au sein du plateau Tibétain permet de proposer un double retrait de slab sous le Songpan Ganze à la fin de l'orogénèse Indosinienne qui explique la diversité des granitoïdes. Ce double retrait de slab et la différence de réponse à la contrainte entre le Songpan Ganze et le craton du Yangtze a conduit à un déchirement de slab. La délamination complète de la partie mantellique de la lithosphère du Songpan Ganze à la fin de l'orogénèse Indosinienne peut expliquer l'accolement d'une lithosphère à croûte épaisse et manteau fin contre une lithosphère cratonisée à la bordure est du plateau TibétainThe present geometry of the Eastern Tibetan plateau, made of the Songpan Ganze terrane and the Longmen Shan range, is probably due to a rheological contrast between the Yangtze craton to the East, and the Songpan Ganze, which bump into the craton margin in response to the India-Asia collision. We reconstituted the geodynamic evolution of the area from Neoproterozoic times to present to evaluate how the different orogenic cycles influence the thermal, mineralogical and chemical structures observed today. Studies of the crystalline massifs of the western margin of the Yangtze craton and of the San Dao Qiao ophiolite show that during the Neoproterozoïc times, the craton margin was a subduction zone with opening of marginal basin due to mantle plumes. Petrologic and structural studies of the Danba metamorphic complex allow determining that during the Indosinian orogeny (200-180 Ma), exhumation mechanism of the deep structural level of the complex is an extrusion along a ductile thrust. Plutons position relative to sutures zones in the Tibetan plateau lead to a model of double slab roll-back under the Songpan Ganze at the end of the Indosinian orogeny which explain the diversity of the granites. The double slab roll-back and the difference in deformation between the Songpan Ganze and the Yangtze craton lead to a slab tear along the craton margin. The complete delamination of the lithospheric mantle under the Songpan Ganze terrane can explain the present juxtaposition of a thick crust and thin mantle lithosphere against a cratonized one

De la marge Ouest du craton du Yangtze à la bordure Est du plateau Tibétain : évolution géodynamique à partir de l'étude structurale, pétrologique, géochimique et géochronologique de roches magmatiques et métamorphiques

The present geometry of the Eastern Tibetan plateau, made of the Songpan Ganze terrane and the Longmen Shan range, is probably due to a rheological contrast between the Yangtze craton to the East, and the Songpan Ganze, which bump into the craton margin in response to the India-Asia collision. We reconstituted the geodynamic evolution of the area from Neoproterozoic times to present to evaluate how the different orogenic cycles influence the thermal, mineralogical and chemical structures observed today. Studies of the crystalline massifs of the western margin of the Yangtze craton and of the San Dao Qiao ophiolite show that during the Neoproterozoïc times, the craton margin was a subduction zone with opening of marginal basin due to mantle plumes. Petrologic and structural studies of the Danba metamorphic complex allow determining that during the Indosinian orogeny (200-180 Ma), exhumation mechanism of the deep structural level of the complex is an extrusion along a ductile thrust. Plutons position relative to sutures zones in the Tibetan plateau lead to a model of double slab roll-back under the Songpan Ganze at the end of the Indosinian orogeny which explain the diversity of the granites. The double slab roll-back and the difference in deformation between the Songpan Ganze and the Yangtze craton lead to a slab tear along the craton margin. The complete delamination of the lithospheric mantle under the Songpan Ganze terrane can explain the present juxtaposition of a thick crust and thin mantle lithosphere against a cratonized one.La géométrie actuelle de l'est du plateau Tibétain, constitué par le Songpan Ganze et les Longmen Shan, est probablement dictée par une différence de rhéologie entre le craton du Yangtze à l'est, et le Songpan Ganze à l'ouest, qui vient buter contre la marge du craton en réponse à la collision Inde-Asie. L'histoire géodynamique de la région a été reconstituée depuis le Néoprotérozoïque, afin d'évaluer l'influence des différents cycles orogéniques sur la structure thermique, minéralogique et chimique actuelle. L'étude des massifs cristallins bordant le craton du Yangtze et de l'ophiolite de San Dao Qiao a montré que durant le Néoprotérozoïque, le craton était bordé par une marge active, avec ouverture de bassins marginaux sous l'influence de panaches mantelliques. L'étude pétrologique et structurale du complexe métamorphique de Danba permet de déterminer que lors de l'orogénèse Indosinienne (200-180Ma), l'exhumation des niveaux structuraux profonds se produit par extrusion le long d'un grand chevauchement ductile. La position des granites du Songpan Ganze par rapport aux sutures au sein du plateau Tibétain permet de proposer un double retrait de slab sous le Songpan Ganze à la fin de l'orogénèse Indosinienne qui explique la diversité des granitoïdes. Ce double retrait de slab et la différence de réponse à la contrainte entre le Songpan Ganze et le craton du Yangtze a conduit à un déchirement de slab. La délamination complète de la partie mantellique de la lithosphère du Songpan Ganze à la fin de l'orogénèse Indosinienne peut expliquer l'accolement d'une lithosphère à croûte épaisse et manteau fin contre une lithosphère cratonisée à la bordure est du plateau Tibétai

De la marge Ouest du craton du Yangtze à la bordure Est du plateau Tibétain (évolution géodynamique à partir de l'étude structurale, pétrologique, géochimique et géochronologique de roches magmatiques et métamorphiques)

La géométrie actuelle de l'est du plateau Tibétain, constitué par le Songpan Ganze et les Longmen Shan, est probablement dictée par une différence de rhéologie entre le craton du Yangtze à l'est, et le Songpan Ganze à l'ouest, qui vient buter contre la marge du craton en réponse à la collision Inde-Asie. L'histoire géodynamique de la région a été reconstituée depuis le Néoprotérozoïque, afin d'évaluer l'influence des différents cycles orogéniques sur la structure thermique, minéralogique et chimique actuelle. L'étude des massifs cristallins bordant le craton du Yangtze et de l'ophiolite de San Dao Qiao a montré que durant le Néoprotérozoïque, le craton était bordé par une marge active, avec ouverture de bassins marginaux sous l'influence de panaches mantelliques. L'étude pétrologique et structurale du complexe métamorphique de Danba permet de déterminer que lors de l'orogénèse Indosinienne (200-180Ma), l'exhumation des niveaux structuraux profonds se produit par extrusion le long d'un grand chevauchement ductile. La position des granites du Songpan Ganze par rapport aux sutures au sein du plateau Tibétain permet de proposer un double retrait de slab sous le Songpan Ganze à la fin de l'orogénèse Indosinienne qui explique la diversité des granitoïdes. Ce double retrait de slab et la différence de réponse à la contrainte entre le Songpan Ganze et le craton du Yangtze a conduit à un déchirement de slab. La délamination complète de la partie mantellique de la lithosphère du Songpan Ganze à la fin de l'orogénèse Indosinienne peut expliquer l'accolement d'une lithosphère à croûte épaisse et manteau fin contre une lithosphère cratonisée à la bordure est du plateau TibétainThe present geometry of the Eastern Tibetan plateau, made of the Songpan Ganze terrane and the Longmen Shan range, is probably due to a rheological contrast between the Yangtze craton to the East, and the Songpan Ganze, which bump into the craton margin in response to the India-Asia collision. We reconstituted the geodynamic evolution of the area from Neoproterozoic times to present to evaluate how the different orogenic cycles influence the thermal, mineralogical and chemical structures observed today. Studies of the crystalline massifs of the western margin of the Yangtze craton and of the San Dao Qiao ophiolite show that during the Neoproterozoïc times, the craton margin was a subduction zone with opening of marginal basin due to mantle plumes. Petrologic and structural studies of the Danba metamorphic complex allow determining that during the Indosinian orogeny (200-180 Ma), exhumation mechanism of the deep structural level of the complex is an extrusion along a ductile thrust. Plutons position relative to sutures zones in the Tibetan plateau lead to a model of double slab roll-back under the Songpan Ganze at the end of the Indosinian orogeny which explain the diversity of the granites. The double slab roll-back and the difference in deformation between the Songpan Ganze and the Yangtze craton lead to a slab tear along the craton margin. The complete delamination of the lithospheric mantle under the Songpan Ganze terrane can explain the present juxtaposition of a thick crust and thin mantle lithosphere against a cratonized one.NANCY1-Bib. numérique (543959902) / SudocSudocFranceF

Gneiss domes of the Danba Metamorphic Complex, Songpan Ganze, eastern Tibet

International audienceIn this paper we address the formation and exhumation of the Danba Metamorphic Complex (DMC) that represents the deepest structural level of the Songpan Ganze terrane situated along the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau. The DMC comprises a variety of gneiss domes and offers a unique opportunity to decipher their development during orogenic evolution. For that purpose, PTtD paths of metamorphic rocks sampled at different structural levels have been reconstructed. The DMC is composed of Triassic metaturbidites of the Xikang group, Paleozoic metasedimentary cover and basement of the Yangtze craton. The DMC is structurally marked by transposition of the upright S1 foliation of the Triassic metaturbidites into a NW-SE trending S2 composite foliation dipping to the NE. Transposition is associated with a localized top-to-the-northeast shear zone along the northeastern edge of the DMC and with pervasive top-to-the-southwest shearing from the core to the border of the complex. These structures are consistent with extrusion of the core of the DMC relative to the lower grade Triassic metaturbidites. The position of the biotite isograd overlapping the structural boundary of the DMC suggests that the Triassic metaturbidites have been affected by an increase in temperature as a result of extrusion. Within the DMC, the position of the metamorphic index minerals relative to the composite S2 foliation reveals that biotite, garnet, staurolite and kyanite grew before the transposition into S2, in contrast with sillimanite which crystallizes in the hinge of F2 folds and along the axial planar S2 schistosity. The sillimanite isograd delineates regional-scale overturned F2 folds and cross-cuts the staurolite and kyanite isograds consistent with an increase in temperature during D2. The melt-in isograd characterizes the deepest structural level of the DMC. PT conditions for these metamorphic rocks, determined using pseudosections and conventional thermometry, indicate a temperature increase from 400 °C to more than 600 °C from the edge to the core of the DMC for a relatively homogeneous pressure ranging from 5 to 6.5 kbar suggesting that isograds and isotherms represent the syn-D2 thermal structure of the orogenic crust. Migmatites exposed in the deepest structural level of the DMC yield a pressure significantly lower than the surrounding metamorphic rock suggesting that they crystallized after D2 and after some exhumation of their hosts. Three different types of gneiss domes are distinguished on the basis of their position relative to the isograds, their structural characteristics, and their position relative to the margin of the Yangtze craton. Close to the craton and at the highest structural level, the Gezong dome represents a basement-rooted tectonic slice, in an intermediate position, the Gongcai dome corresponds to a basement-cored nappe, and further away and at the deepest structural level, the Bawang, Cunuchan and Qingaling domes are migmatite-cored domes. The presence at the current-day surface of this variety of gneiss domes reflects the difference in burial of the margin during the Mesozoic Indosinian orogeny

Generation and emplacement of Triassic granitoids within the Songpan Ganze accretionary-orogenic wedge in a context of slab retreat accommodated by tear faulting, Eastern Tibetan plateau, China

International audienceThe eastern Songpan Ganze accretionary-orogenic wedge (northern Tibetan plateau) is characterized by extensive magmatism coeval with Middle to Upper Triassic closure of the Paleotethys Ocean along a double subduction system, traced by the Kunlun-Anyemaqen suture to the north and the Jinsha-Litang suture to the south. New field, petrographic and geochemical data on Mesozoic plutons intrusive into Triassic metasediments of the eastern Songpan Ganze wedge are presented and integrated in a review of available data for the region. Three types of granitoids are distinguished: (i) high-K calc-alkaline granite to granodiorite (Yanggon, Maoergai, Markam, Sheng Meng, Xue Sheng, Taiyanghe, Menggu, Manai, Dusong Xian, Tagong and Jiulong plutons), (ii) high-K alkaline granite (Nyanbaoyeche and Rilong plutons and the Niuxingou shoshonitic syenite), and (iii) peraluminous S-type granite (Markam and Manai leucogranites). Elemental and isotopic signatures of these granitoids are consistent with the implication of both crustal (Yangtze craton, and Songpan Ganze metasediments) and mantle (asthenospheric mantle and metasomatised lithospheric mantle) sources. Based on (i) the ages of the plutons that are concomitant with the end of the northern and southern subductions of the Paleo-Tethys, (ii) the position of the plutons intrusive in the crustal tectonically accreted units decoupled from the downgoing plate of this double subduction system, (iii) the diversity of their petrological and geochemical signatures, we propose that magma emplaced in the Songpan Ganze accretionary-orogenic wedge were generated at the end of the Paleotethys closure in a context of slab retreat, accommodated by a tear fault along the passive margin of the South China block. Indeed, we argue that this context is the most favourable to trigger synchronous partial melting of (i) the suprasubduction enriched mantle wedge owing to lowering of the mantle solidus by metasomatism, (ii) the upwelled undepleted asthenospheric mantle into the tear fault owing to decompression, (iii) the metasomatized lithospheric continental mantle of the Yangtze craton owing to the temperature increase associated to the asthenospheric upwelling and (iv) the rocks of the Songpan Ganze accretionary wedge composed of metasediments and Yangtze continental margin basement owing to the combined effects of increased radioactive heat production and mantle heat flux. We propose that the concentration of plutons along the eastern margin of the Songpan Ganze results from focussed migration and emplacement of the granitic magmas guided by the development of a tear fault along the former passive eastern margin of the Yangtze craton as a consequence of the Paleotethys slab retreat

Songpan Garze fold belt: New petrological and geochronological data

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