Industry solid waste management assessment of 10 large food industries in Tehran 2014

Background and aims: Inappropriate solid waste management industry in recent years has created a variety of risks. As a result, the health, safety and the human's environment is at risk for it. Main objective of this study is solid waste management assessment of 10 large food industries in Tehran. Methods: This study is descriptive and sectional based on field visits, questionnaires, preparation of the database and the analysis of the results. The selected units were categorized based on ISWMI scale. The questionnaire consisted of 47 questions related with key elements of industrial solid waste management. This question consists of 10 separate areas. 10 large industrial units of the food industry in Tehran were randomly selected. Results: The results showed that the index of selected industrial units based on ISWMI scale (based on100) is: 96 for J company (very good), 49 for A company (week), 85 for H and I company (very good), 72 for E, 77 for F and 80 for G (good), 57 for B, 63 for C and 64 for D company (moderate). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, industrial waste management situation in most of the selected units are above average. However it seems that factors such as a lack of senior management commitment and belief to implementation of the waste management system, the lack of requirement industrial units to employ an expert in environmental or environmental health and the lack of a comprehensive at the national level plan for waste management of the most effective factors to determine ISWMI values in industries

Serum Lipid Profile and Uric Acid Concentration during Pregnancy

Objectives: To investigate whether lipid profile and serum uric acid concentration changes during pregnancy or not. Method: 10 non pregnant women and 10 pregnant women  were enrolled in the study , have an average age 25-30 years and the same body mass index. Blood samples were drawn from all the subjects following a fasting of 8 hours and analyzed for serum lipid profile and serum uric acid. Result: The results showed that pregnancy period may change lipid profile and serum uric acid ,although the volume of sample is small for correlation between the pregnancy period and changes in serum uric acid and lipid profile . This will require large number of volunteers. But , this study give opinion about these changes

Metals impact into the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (Brazil) during the exceptional flood of 2011

Abstract Particulate and dissolved metal concentrations were determined after the largest flood in the last 30 years on the east-west axis of the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (PEC) and compared to the those of the dry period at two stations. Results confirmed that the flood greatly affected riverine outflows and the behavior of metals in the PEC. In particular, a sharp decrease in salinity was followed by extremely high SPM concentrations leading to a decrease in DO concentrations at both stations. For the dissolved phase, ANOSIM analysis showed a significant dissimilarity at each station between the sampled periods, whereas for the particulate phase this dissimilarity was found only for the samplings taken at the Antonina Station. KD values suggested dissolved Cu behavior was related to the presence of organic complexes and dissolved Mn had sediment resuspension of redox sediments and or/pore water injection as sources. Metal concentrations were lower than in polluted estuaries, though high enrichment factors found after the flood pointed to the influence of anthropogenic sources. In conclusion, the flood's influence was more evident at the Antonina Station, due to its location in the upper estuary, whereas in Paranaguá a high SPM content with low metal concentration was found, following the common pattern generally found in other marine systems subject to heavy rainfall events

Comparison of controlling mechanisms of flocculation processes in estuaries

During estuarine mixing, dissolved metals come into the particulate phase due to the flocculation processes. Such processes are biologically vital. In the present study, controlling mechanisms of elemental flocculation during estuarine mixing in northern and southern estuaries of Iran in relation to the various physical and chemical parameters of waters have been compared. Except for zinc and lead, for other studied elements in Minab River, water flocculate at higher rates in comparison with the rivers flowing into the Caspian Sea. Redox potential might have negative effect on flocculation process in Minab Estuary. Contrary to rivers flowing into the Caspian Sea, in Minab River elemental flocculation is governed by dissolved organic carbon and it shows a non-liner and conservative behavior during estuarine mixing which implies that dissolved organic carbon originates from terrigenous source. The results also shows that maximum removal of elements occurs in lower salinities (1.5 to 5.8 %) for the rivers in North of Iran and 3.3 to 11.4 % for Minab River in South of Iran. Flocculation of studied metal in different rivers results in reduction of overall metal pollution load by various percentages. The initial metal contents on river water and mean discharge of river might lead to higher flocculation rates

Role of Saline Water in Removal of Heavy Elements from Industrial Wastewaters

Flocculation processes during estuarine mixing can reduce the elemental concentrations of river water. In the present investigation, natural flocculation processes concept is used to reduce the elemental contents of industrial wastewater. For this purpose, various amounts of saline water were added to an artificial industrial wastewater with known concentrations of heavy metals. The results of investigation show that in the salinity of 0.9‰, percentage of elemental flocculation occurs in the order of: Ni (95.4%) > Pb (87.6%) > Zn (85%) > Mn (56.25%) > Cu (14.4%). Flocculation of Cu is insignificant at lower salinities. Though higher removal of heavy metals is obtained at greater salinities but due to the environmental limitations, we propose salinity of 0.9‰. Use of seawater to flocculate heavy metals can greatly reduce the costs associated with the purification of wastewater treatment

Role of metal species in flocculation rate during estuarine mixing

Flocculation can be considered as an effective mechanism in self-purification of metals during estuarine mixing. In the present investigation, flocculation of metals during mixing of Minab River water with the Strait of Hormuz (The Persian Gulf) water is studied for the first time. Flocculation behavior of metals (except for Pb) is governed by dissolved organic carbon. The source of dissolved organic carbon is terrigenous in the estuarine waters of study area. The general pattern of flocculation of studied metals is manganese (180 μg/L) > zinc (88 μg/L)> nickle (73 μg/L)> copper (30 μg/L)> lead (19 μg/L). The results of present study show that metal species are a very important factor in overall flocculation rate. It is found that solids and oxides have the highest and lowest flocculation levels, respectively. Eh-pH diagram indicated that lead is present as lead oxide in Minab River water and the least flocculation rate is attributed to this element. The results also showed that flocculation rate of metal species could be as solids > free ions ≈ hydroxides > oxides. The amount of metal flocculation is about 30.5, 6.6, 25.3, 10.4 and 62.5 ton/y for zinc, Pb, Ni, Cu and Mn, respectively

Effect of crude extracts of the plant local wolf riding in the growth of some fungi

Make a search on the vegetative parts of the plant local horse guilt of some elements in the Haj Omran area in northern Iraq has included recognition of certain nutrient