24 research outputs found

    Long memory estimation for complex-valued time series

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    Long memory has been observed for time series across a multitude of fields and the accurate estimation of such dependence, e.g. via the Hurst exponent, is crucial for the modelling and prediction of many dynamic systems of interest. Many physical processes (such as wind data), are more naturally expressed as a complex-valued time series to represent magnitude and phase information (wind speed and direction). With data collection ubiquitously unreliable, irregular sampling or missingness is also commonplace and can cause bias in a range of analysis tasks, including Hurst estimation. This article proposes a new Hurst exponent estimation technique for complex-valued persistent data sampled with potential irregularity. Our approach is justified through establishing attractive theoretical properties of a new complex-valued wavelet lifting transform, also introduced in this paper. We demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed estimation method through simulations across a range of sampling scenarios and complex- and real-valued persistent processes. For wind data, our method highlights that inclusion of the intrinsic correlations between the real and imaginary data, inherent in our complex-valued approach, can produce different persistence estimates than when using real-valued analysis. Such analysis could then support alternative modelling or policy decisions compared with conclusions based on real-valued estimation

    Programmed cell death and its role in inflammation

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    Cell death plays an important role in the regulation of inflammation and may be the result of inflammation. The maintenance of tissue homeostasis necessitates both the recognition and removal of invading microbial pathogens as well as the clearance of dying cells. In the past few decades, emerging knowledge on cell death and inflammation has enriched our molecular understanding of the signaling pathways that mediate various programs of cell death and multiple types of inflammatory responses. This review provides an overview of the major types of cell death related to inflammation. Modification of cell death pathways is likely to be a logical therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases

    Apoptose, neutrófilos e o cirurgião

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    O estudo do processo de morte celular programada ganhou impulso a partir da demonstração da sua presença em células maduras não germinativas em 1971. A apoptose é um mecanismo vital normal, que acontece a todo o tempo nos organismos, permitindo a preservação da homeostase e renovação celular, possuindo características cito/histológicas próprias. Este trabalho faz uma revisão sumária de aspectos básicos da apoptose de interesse do cirurgião. São revistos dados da literatura referentes à apoptose no tocante às características cito/histológicas e sua importância na ontogênese, homeostasia, patogênese, inflamação sistêmica, sepse abdominal e trauma. Alterações no processo de apoptose no embrião podem levar a malformações congênitas. No adulto, algumas doenças expressam-se por aumento (ex. isquemia miocárdica, Alzheimer etc.) ou diminuição nas taxas de apoptose (ex. câncer, doenças auto-imunes etc.). De particular interesse para o cirurgião, a elevação numérica dos neutrófilos que ocorre durante processos de inflamação sistêmica e trauma, deve-se à inibição da apoptose. A morte celular programada nos neutrófilos pode ser alterada por uma série de processos celulares (ex: adesão, transmigração etc.), substâncias endógenas e exógenas (ex: citocinas e lipopolissacarídeo), produzindo diferentes taxas de apoptose de acordo com a interação dos fatores. O aprofundamento no estudo da morte celular programada, com a possibilidade de sua modulação, a coloca como potencialmente aliada na terapêutica
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