UCP 600 rules – changing letter of credit business for international traders?

A letter of credit (L/C), in international trade may be described as an instrument of finance carrying a conditional guarantee of payment from the overseas (buyer’s) bank to the seller. Consequently, a L/C is desirable in high value and/or high risk transactions. The guarantee is conditional upon the seller complying 100% with the documentary requirements of the L/C, an issue of particular concern to exporters, as the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) estimates worldwide documentary discrepancy rates of 70%. L/C transactions are governed by ICC rules, and whilst these provide an international standardised process, the differing interpretations of what constitutes documentary compliance create difficulties for sellers in particular. The new rules: UCP 600, supposedly have simpler and clearer wording, to reduce ambiguity and differences in interpretation, and hopefully reduce documentary discrepancy rates and the associated financial risks. This article examines the major changes introduced by the UCP 600 and comments on their likely impact on future L/C business. Whilst acknowledging some improvements were introduced in the UCP 600, the article concludes that a number of issues have been ignored to the detriment of traders

Inclusion Body Disease: pathogenesis, routes of transmission, husbandry procedures and diagnostic flow

openThe purpose of the assay is to compare distinct IBD causative agents considered etiological, underlying the possible correlations with the Reptarenaviruses; analyzing also the diverse clinical signs. A possible routes of transmission's review, will be, then connected with a short profile of the critical husbandry details that enhance the infection risks.The purpose of the assay is to compare distinct IBD causative agents considered etiological, underlying the possible correlations with the Reptarenaviruses; analyzing also the diverse clinical signs. A possible routes of transmission's review, will be, then connected with a short profile of the critical husbandry details that enhance the infection risks

Brexit: Australian Perspectives on International Trade and Customs Operations

The decision made by a slight majority of voters in the UK to leave the EU, based on a non-binding referendum, sent initial shockwaves across the globe. The separation of the UK from the EU is still a process in the making, as there is no certainty about the negotiation approach the UK or the EU will adopt on the terms of the so called Brexit. This paper seeks to outline the major aspects of market access for the international trade of goods between the UK and the EU and the impact and opportunities for Australia, noting the comparatively greater importance of the EU 27 to Australia. The paper concludes that the economic interdependence between the UK and the EU warrants a win-win solution, despite the many as yet unknown challenges that lie ahead

O receptor Ror1 e seu papel em câncer

Las proteínas Wnt son ligandos que activan señales involucradas en proliferación, sobrevida, adhesión, migración, diferenciación y polaridad celular y como tal están involucradas en una amplia variedad de patologías. A diferencia de la vía Wnt canónica (o dependiente de beta-catenina) la vía no canónica posee numerosas ramificaciones y ha sido muy poco estudiada. Evidencias obtenidas en los últimos años sugieren que la vía Wnt no canónica (a través de Wnt5a) jugaría un importante rol en la progresión de numerosos tipos de tumores, incluyendo melanoma. Tradicionalmente, la mayor parte de la señalización por Wnt ha sido atribuida a la activación de Fzd y LRP. Sin embargo, evidencias mas recientes indican que Wnt puede ejercer sus efectos a través de receptores alternativos Ror1 y 2 (receptor huérfano 1 y 2 similar a tirosina quinasa). Estas proteínas son receptores de Tirosina Quinasa con una arquitectura funcional excepcional dentro de su familia ya que son los únicos en poseer dominios Kringle y dominios ricos en serina y treonina en el extremo C-terminal. Originalmente clonados como receptores huérfanos, su caracterización como receptores Wnt es relativamente reciente por lo cual su rol está en proceso de ser dilucidado.Wnts are ligands that stimulate several signal transduction pathways involved in cell proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation. Wnt pathway malfunction has been implied in various forms of disease. The most extensively studied Wnt pathway, termed canonical, results in stabilization of β-catenin and activation of gene expression by TCF and LEF transcription factors. However, Wnts can also activate numerous non-canonical pathways which are independent of β-catenin. These non-canonical pathways have been much less studied. Recent evidences suggest that the Wnt non-canonical pathway (via Wnt5a) would play an important role in several types of cancer, including melanoma. The Wnt signaling has usually been related to activation of Fzd and LRP receptors. However, more recent data indicate that Wnt can activate the alternative receptors Ror1 and 2 (receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 and 2). These proteins belong to the Tyrosine kinase family and have particular functional domain such as the Kringle domains and Serine/Threonine domains at the C-terminal. Originally cloned as orphan receptors, they were more recently characterized as Wnt receptors and their cellular role is being elucidated.As proteínas Wnt são ligandos que ativam sinais envolvidos em proliferação, sobrevida, adesão, migração, diferenciação e polaridade celular e como tal estão envolvidas numa ampla variedade de patologias. À diferença da via Wnt canônica (ou dependente de beta-catenina) a via não canônica possui numerosas ramificações e tem sido muito pouco estudada. Evidências obtidas nos últimos anos sugerem que a via Wnt não canônica (através de Wnt5a) teria um importante papel na progressão de numerosos tipos de tumores, incluindo melanoma. Tradicionalmente, a maior parte da sinalização por Wnt tem sido atribuída à ativação de Fzd e LRP. Entretanto, evidências mais recentes indicam que Wnt pode exercer seus efeitos através de receptores alternativos Ror1 e 2 (Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 and 2). Estas proteínas são receptores de Tirosina Quinase com uma arquitetura funcional excepcional dentro de sua família já que são os únicos em possuir domínios Kringle e domínios ricos em serina e treonina no extremo C-terminal. Originalmente clonados como receptores órfãos, sua caracterização como receptores Wnt é relativamente recente pelo qual seu papel está em processo de ser elucidado.Fil: Lopez Bergami, Pablo Roberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (i); Argentin

Streamlining Temporal Formal Verification over Columnar Databases

Recent findings demonstrate how database technology enhances the computation of formal verification tasks expressible in linear time logic for finite traces (LTLf). Human-readable declarative languages also help the common practitioner to express temporal constraints in a straightforward and accessible language. Notwithstanding the former, this technology is in its infancy, and therefore, few optimization algorithms are known for dealing with massive amounts of information audited from real systems. We, therefore, present four novel algorithms subsuming entire LTLf expressions while outperforming previous state-of-the-art implementations on top of KnoBAB, thus postulating the need for the corresponding, leading to the formulation of novel xtLTLf-derived algebraic operators