Simultaneous strain and temperature measurement using an integrated fibre Bragg grating/extrinsic Fabry-Perot sensor

This paper reports on a novel optical fiber sensor configuration for conducting simultaneous strain and temperature measurements. The sensor consisted of an optical fiber-based extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer (EFPI) with an integrated fiber Bragg grating (FBG). The FBG was located within a glass capillary which housed the EFPI sensor and was thus in a strain-free condition. The FBG is primarily sensitive to temperature, while the EFPI was sensitive to both strain and temperature. The integrated FBG/EFPI sensor was embedded in a carbon fiber reinforced composite and evaluated. The standard deviation of strain measurement was 36 (mu) e in the range 0 to 1200 (mu) e, and the temperature measurement had a standard deviation of 3.5 degrees C in the range 30 degrees to 70 degrees C. The thermal expansion of the cross-ply composite was investigated and was found approximately 4.05 X 10-6 degrees C

In-situ strain measurements in composites during fatigue testing using optical fibre Bragg gratings and a portable CCD detection system

An optical fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensor was surface mounted onto a carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composite and subjected to static and dynamic loading. The FBG sensor was found to operate satisfactorily up to 700,000 cycles when the fatigue test was terminated. The fatigue test was conducted at a peak stress of 210 MPa and a stress ratio of -0.5. The FBG sensor was also found to operate satisfactorily over the cyclic loading frequency range of 0.1 - 6 Hz used in this study. The feasibility of using the sensor system for monitoring the stiffness ofthe composite during the fatigue test was demonstrated. The signal processing for the sensor system was based on a CCD spectrometer. The sensitivity of the static strain measurements was found to be approximately 80 jtc. A broadening ofthe FBG reflective spectrum was seen to develop as a function of fatigue cycles, and this phenomenon may be due to the delamination ofthe sensor from the surface ofthe composite

A scientific basis for restoring fish spawning habitat in the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers of the Laurentian Great Lakes

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/110848/1/rec12159.pd

Effect of cyclosporine on hepatic cytosolic estrogen and androgen receptor levels before and after partial hepatectomy

Estrogen and androgen receptors within the liver have been reported to modulate the hepatic regenerative response to partial hepatectomy. Moreover, cyclosporine has several untoward effects that might occur as a consequence of alterations in sex hormone activity. To evaluate these questions the following experiments were performed. Estrogen and androgen receptors in cytosol were quantitated in livers of rats treated with cyclosporine or olive oil vehicle before and after partial hepatectomy or a sham operation. Ornithine decarboxylase activity and thymidine kinase activity were assessed as indices of hepatic regeneration. Preoperative levels of estrogen receptor activity in the hepatic cytosol were significantly greater in rats treated with cyclosporine as compared to vehicle treated controls (P<0.01). In contrast, preoperative levels of androgen receptor activity in the cyclosporine-treated and vehicle-treated animals were similar. Following partial hepatectomy, a reduction in the activity of both sex hormone receptors in the hepatic cytosol was observed and was compatible with results described previously in normal animals. Unexpectedly the preoperative levels of ornithine decarboxylase (P<0.01) and thymidine kinase activity (P<0.01) were significantly greater in the rats treated with cyclosporine as compared to the vehicle treated controls. As expected, ornithine decarboxylase activity (at 6 hr) and thymidine kinase activity (at 24 hr) rose and peaked in response to a partial hepatectomy but were significantly greater (P<0.05) in the rats treated with cyclosporine as compared to the vehicle. These results show that cyclosporine treatment causes an increase in the hepatic content of estrogen receptor activity that is associated with an enhanced potential for a regenerative response. These effects of cyclosporine treatment on the sex hormone receptor levels in liver may explain the mechanisms responsible for some of the untoward effects of treatment with this agent. © 1990 Plenum Publishing Corporation

Detonation Velocity Measurement of a Hydrogen Peroxide Solvate of CL-20

The article of record as published may be found at https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.201800202Synthesis and development of new energetic molecules is a resource-intensive process, yielding materials with relatively unpredictable performance properties. Cocrystallization and crystalline solvate formation have been explored as possible routes towards developing new energetic materials that reduce the initial investment required for discovery and performance uncertainty because existing energetic molecules with known properties serve as the constituents. The formation of a hydrogen peroxide (HP) solvate of CL-20 was previously reported and has a density comparable to that of e-CL-20, the densest and most stable polymorph of CL-20. CL-20/HP produces a second crystalline form, which was unexpected given the high density of the original CL-20/HP solvate. Both forms were predicted to have improved detonation performance relative to that of e-CL-20. In this work, the detonation velocity of a solvate of CL-20/HP is measured and compared to that of CL-20...This material is based upon work supported by the U. S. Army Research Laboratory and the U. S. Army Research Office under contract/grant number W911NF-13-1-0387.This material is based upon work supported by the U. S. Army Research Laboratory and the U. S. Army Research Office under contract/grant number W911NF-13-1-0387

Tunnel monitoring using multicore fibre displacement sensor

We describe the first application of multiplexed fibre Bragg grating strain sensors in a multicore fibre. Sets of gratings, acting as strain gauges, are co-located in the multicore fibre such that they enable the curvature to be measured. Multiple sets of these gratings allow the curvature to be measured at several points along the fibre. This sensor is configured to monitor displacement of concrete tunnel sections, and was demonstrated capable of displacement measurement with a resolution of ±0.1 mm over a range of several millimeters

Developing and Testing an AI Empathy Agent

Generation and Rating of the EA Response Bank • Response bank generated by service users via online survey presenting 5 different SU scenarios; • Responses then screened for duplicates and usability by research team and rated by service users via online survey; • Responses then rated by SUs via online survey to generate ratings to be used in development of the AI underpinning the EA

Defining Chlorophyll-a Reference Conditions in European Lakes

The concept of “reference conditions” describes the benchmark against which current conditions are compared when assessing the status of water bodies. In this paper we focus on the establishment of reference conditions for European lakes according to a phytoplankton biomass indicator—the concentration of chlorophyll-a. A mostly spatial approach (selection of existing lakes with no or minor human impact) was used to set the reference conditions for chlorophyll-a values, supplemented by historical data, paleolimnological investigations and modelling. The work resulted in definition of reference conditions and the boundary between “high” and “good” status for 15 main lake types and five ecoregions of Europe: Alpine, Atlantic, Central/Baltic, Mediterranean, and Northern. Additionally, empirical models were developed for estimating site-specific reference chlorophyll-a concentrations from a set of potential predictor variables. The results were recently formulated into the EU legislation, marking the first attempt in international water policy to move from chemical quality standards to ecological quality targets