3 research outputs found

    Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Peptide (1-38) and its analog (Acetyl-[Ala15, Ala20] PACAP 38-polyamide) reverse methacholine airway hyperresponsiveness in rats

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    O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar funcionalmente e estruturalmente efeito broncodilatador do peptídeo ativador da adenilato ciclase pituitária (PACAP1-38) e da acetil-[Ala15, Ala20]PACAP 38-poliamida, potente análogo do PACAP-38, nos ratos desafiados pelo metacolina (MeCh). Ratos Wistar machos foram aleatoriamente divididos em cinco grupos. Grupos 1 e 2, inalando aerossóis de solução salina ou doses crescentes de MeCh (0,5, 1, 2,12, 4,25, 8,5, 17, 34 e 68 mg/L). Os outros grupos recebendo terbutalina (Terb) (250 µg/rato) (10-6M), PACAP-38 (50 µg/rato) (0.1 mM) ou análogo do PACAP-38 (50 µg/rato) associados a MeCh na dose de 4,25 mg/L. A resistência pulmonar total (RL) foi registrada antes e 2 min após a administração de Mech pelo equipamento pneumomultiteste. A administração MeCh induziu aumento significativo e dose dependente (pThe aim of this study was to investigate both functionally and structurally bronchodilator effects of Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP38) and acetyl-[Ala15, Ala20] PACAP38-polyamide, a potent PACAP38 analog, in rats challenged by methacholine (MeCh). Male Wistar rats were divided randomly into five groups. Groups 1 and 2 inhaled respectively aerosols of saline or increasing doses of MeCh (0.5, 1, 2.12, 4.25, 8.5, 17, 34 and 68mg/L). The other groups received terbutaline (Terb) (250 µg/rat) (10-6 M), PACAP38 (50 µg/rat) (0.1 mM) or PACAP38 analog (50 µg/rat) associated to MeCh from the dose of 4.25 mg/L. Total lung resistances (RL) were recorded before and 2 min after MeCh administration by pneumomultitest equipment. MeCh administration induced a significant and a dose-dependent increase (

    Identification des principaux déterminants environnementaux et modélisation de la distribution potentielle de pin d’Alep et impact du changement climatique en Tunisie

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    The distribution of forest ecosystems in Mediterranean region are largely under the influence of environmental conditions such as climate and orographic parameters. This study aimed to understand the relationship between Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) occurrences and environmental conditions at a regional scale in Tunisia. However, it is important to mention another type of threat that is likely to trouble this forest ecosystem in the future; these are the consequences of climate change. In this study, the Maxent software, based on sample point of the Aleppo pine and the environment variables was used to model the current distribution and to predict the impact of climate change. The model developed showed good predictivity with AUC > 0.90 indicated the prediction model’s high credibility and accuracy. Furthermore, we examined the variable importance and contribution to the prediction results, to distinguish the effect of different variables on the potential distribution area. The results showed that the variables relevant to Aleppo pine distribution area are precipitation, altitude, slope and temperature Annual Range. To investigate the potential effects of climate change on the target species, we used Maxent modeling algorithm for two representative concentration pathways, lower emission scenario (RCP 2.6) and higher emission (RCP 8.5) climate scenarios in 2050 and 2070. A comparison of the current vegetation cover with the current potential distribution highlights a fragmentation of the natural habitat of the Aleppo pine in Tunisia. Indeed, the current species distribution represents only 25% of its suitable area. Human activities had induced severe changes in the natural Aleppo pine forest ecosystems. Future predictions expect an extension of the areas classified as favorable to the Aleppo pine. In response to climate changes, the Aleppo pine may display two contrasted tendencies: a progressive evolution in the north, and a regressive evolution in the southern limit. However, the expansion of suitable areas may be more important than loss of habitat suitability. The future climate could convert areas that are currently not suitable for Aleppo pine (humid sub-humid) into very suitable. Keywords: Aleppo pine, climate and orographic parameters, climate change, Maxent, TunisiaLa rĂ©partition gĂ©ographique des Ă©cosystèmes forestiers mĂ©diterranĂ©ens est largement influencĂ©e par les conditions du milieu notamment les paramètres climatiques et orographiques. Cet article porte sur  l’étude des variables influençant la rĂ©partition spatiale du pin d’Alep Ă  l Ă©chelle de la Tunisie. Cependant, il est important de mentionner un autre type de menaces qui risque bien de bouleverser, Ă  l’avenir, de cet Ă©cosystème  forestier, ce sont les impacts liĂ©s aux changements climatiques. Dans cette Ă©tude, le dĂ©veloppement d’un modèle Ă  l’échelle de l’aire de pin d’Alep par combinaison des variables environnementales et des points de prĂ©sence de l’espèce selon le principe d’entropie maximale, a permis, de connaitre les principales variables responsables de sa distribution, ainsi, de cartographier la rĂ©partition potentielle des pinèdes sous les conditions climatiques actuelles et futures. Le modèle dĂ©veloppĂ© avec Maxent a montrĂ© une bonne prĂ©visibilitĂ© avec une AUC > 0,9. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© que les prĂ©cipitations annuelles, l’altitude, la pente et l’amplitude thermique semble ĂŞtre les principaux facteurs de la distribution spatio-temporelle du pin d'Alep dans la zone d’étude. Une comparaison de la couverture vĂ©gĂ©tale actuelle avec la rĂ©partition potentielle actuelle met en Ă©vidence une fragmentation de l’habitat naturel de cette espèce conifère. En effet, l’aire de rĂ©partition actuelle ne reprĂ©sente que 25% de l’habitat favorable Ă  cette espèce. ConsĂ©quences de l'action de l'homme sur son environnement. Cependant, la simulation de cette aire potentielle de distribution de l’espèce selon deux scĂ©narios de rĂ©chauffement RCP2.6 et RCP8.5, aux horizons 2050 et 2070, permet d’évaluer et de cartographier l’impact potentiel du changement climatique sur le pin d’Alep. Ainsi, les distributions futures semblent ĂŞtre affectĂ©es par le climat futur. En rĂ©ponse aux changements climatiques, le pin d'Alep peut prĂ©senter deux tendances contrastĂ©es. Une Ă©volution progressive dans le nord et une Ă©volution rĂ©gressive dans sa limite infĂ©rieure. Cependant, l’expansion des aires favorables pourrait ĂŞtre plus importante qu’un rĂ©trĂ©cissement. Le climat futur pourrait convertir les zones qui sont actuellement peu favorables au pin d’Alep (subhumides humides) en zones très favorables. Mots clĂ©s: Pin d’Alep, paramètres climatique et orographiques, changement climatique, Maxent, Tunisie  &nbsp
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