Ecology of a reef forming serpulid, Hydroides norvegica : final report

Experimental results reported herein were obtained on colonies of serpulid worms collected from a filter box (Fig. 1) through which water was pumped at a rate of about 1,000 gallons per day. The filter box was located within and the water was drawn from the cooling water intake system of the Central Power and Light Company plant located between the Port of Corpus Christi and Nueces Bay, Texas. Although at least three species of serpulids were identified from this locality during the spring of 1969, all specimens collected for experimentation included only Hydroides norvegica. Salinity of the water in the Port of Corpus Christi ranged from 29 to 35 ppt through the sampling period.Marine Scienc

Empiricism: An Environment for Humanist Mathematics

Humanists have extended some links between mathematics and the physical world, but most mathematicians still believe they operate in an immaterial realm of the mind, with unquestionable logic and abstract thought. By rehabilitating the empiricism of John Stuart Mill and combining it with growing knowledge of the character of the human mind, we can escape from the indefinable Platonic universe of immaterial consciousness and abandon the futile quest for certainty that has plagued philosophy since the time of the Greeks

Usage-based and emergentist approaches to language acquisition

It was long considered to be impossible to learn grammar based on linguistic experience alone. In the past decade, however, advances in usage-based linguistic theory, computational linguistics, and developmental psychology changed the view on this matter. So-called usage-based and emergentist approaches to language acquisition state that language can be learned from language use itself, by means of social skills like joint attention, and by means of powerful generalization mechanisms. This paper first summarizes the assumptions regarding the nature of linguistic representations and processing. Usage-based theories are nonmodular and nonreductionist, i.e., they emphasize the form-function relationships, and deal with all of language, not just selected levels of representations. Furthermore, storage and processing is considered to be analytic as well as holistic, such that there is a continuum between children's unanalyzed chunks and abstract units found in adult language. In the second part, the empirical evidence is reviewed. Children's linguistic competence is shown to be limited initially, and it is demonstrated how children can generalize knowledge based on direct and indirect positive evidence. It is argued that with these general learning mechanisms, the usage-based paradigm can be extended to multilingual language situations and to language acquisition under special circumstances

Upperslope Oilseep Study: I. Geological and Geophysical Results. II. Geochemical and Stable Isotope Results

This is a report on the geology of the first well-documented oil seep actually sampled in the northern Gulf of Mexico. The area studied lies about 220 km south of Morgan City, Louisiana on the upper continental slope.Institute for Geophysic

Use of the Goldberg Refractometer as a salinometer for biological and geological field work

The Goldberg Refractometer (American Optical Co., model 10402) has been tested as a potential field salinometer. The instrument has a range of 0 to 220‰ and an accuracy of about one ppt. Although it is inaccurate relative to titration and conductimetric salinometers, the Refractometer has the advantages of temperature compensation, small size, small sample requirements, large range, and low cost

Breastfeeding : Experiences that Influence an Adolescent Mother to Continue

This qualitative study examined what experiences of adolescent mothers influenced them to continue breastfeeding after their hospital initiation. Also, this study examined the relative importance of the individual\u27s beliefs and values that lead to the decision to breastfeed her infant. Two Caucasian primipara adolescent mothers 19 years of age participated in this study. Data was collected and examined for themes utilizing the qualitative 8-step process. Results of the study indicated that an adolescent\u27s decision to initiate and continue to breastfeed her baby was strongly affected by her own beliefs. Beliefs about herself and her baby, as well as the encouragement and support she received from family, friends, and healthcare professionals strongly indicated she would be successful with breastfeeding her infant. Information and education she received throughout her pregnancy and after delivery of her baby also influence an adolescent mother

Energy and Water Development: FY2011 Appropriations

The Energy and Water Development appropriations bill provides funding for civil works projects of the Army Corps of Engineers (Corps), the Department of the Interior’s Bureau of Reclamation, the Department of Energy (DOE), and a number of independent agencies. Funding for FY2010 Energy and Water Development programs is contained in H.R. 3183, which the House passed July 17, 2009. The Senate passed its version of H.R. 3183 July 29. The Conference Committee issued its report (H.Rept. 111-278) September 30, and the House passed the conference bill October 1, and the Senate October 15. The President signed the bill October 28 (P.L. 111-85). President Obama’s proposed FY2011 budget for Energy and Water Development programs was released in February 2010. On July 15, 2010, the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development approved a bill to fund these programs. In the Senate, the Energy and Water Development subcommittee approved a bill on July 20, and the full Appropriations Committee reported out S. 3635 (S.Rept. 111-228) on July 22. On September 30, the Senate and the House passed H.R. 3081, a continuing resolution that funds government programs at the FY2010 level through December 3

CO line emission from galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization

We study the CO line luminosity ($L_{\rm CO}$), the shape of the CO Spectral Line Energy Distribution (SLED), and the value of the CO-to-$\rm H_2$ conversion factor in galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). To this aim, we construct a model that simultaneously takes into account the radiative transfer and the clumpy structure of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) where the CO lines are excited. We then use it to post-process state-of-the-art zoomed, high resolution ($30\, \rm{pc}$), cosmological simulation of a main-sequence ($M_{*}\approx10^{10}\, \rm{M_{\odot}}$, $SFR\approx 100\,\rm{M_{\odot}\, yr^{-1}}$) galaxy, "Alth{\ae}a", at $z\approx6$. We find that the CO emission traces the inner molecular disk ($r\approx 0.5 \,\rm{kpc}$) of Alth{\ae}a with the peak of the CO surface brightness co-located with that of the [CII] 158$\rm \mu m$ emission. Its $L_{\rm CO(1-0)}=10^{4.85}\, \rm{L_{\odot}}$ is comparable to that observed in local galaxies with similar stellar mass. The high ($\Sigma_{gas} \approx 220\, \rm M_{\odot}\, pc^{-2}$) gas surface density in Alth{\ae}a, its large Mach number (\mach$\approx 30$), and the warm kinetic temperature ($T_{k}\approx 45 \, \rm K$) of GMCs yield a CO SLED peaked at the CO(7-6) transition, i.e. at relatively high-$J$, and a CO-to-$\rm H_2$ conversion factor $\alpha_{\rm CO}\approx 1.5 \, \rm M_{\odot} \rm (K\, km\, s^{-1}\, pc^2)^{-1}$ lower than that of the Milky Way. The ALMA observing time required to detect (resolve) at 5$\sigma$ the CO(7-6) line from galaxies similar to Alth{\ae}a is $\approx13$ h ($\approx 38$ h).Comment: 16 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

Beach impact study, Padre Island National Seashore

Prepared for Office of Natural Science, Southwest Region, National Park Service, under contract CX70005044830 April 1976Vegetative differences between heavily and very lightly trafficked beaches show that more beach traffic correlates with quantitative decreases in variety and density of plants and with declines of grasses relative to forbs. The vegetated portions of all beaches continue to grow in volume. However, this is at the expense of the more seaward (more trafficked) parts of the beaches and has lead to overall loss of total beach volume except where vehicular traffic is prohibited. The very lightly trafficked beach is the only study site wherein the entire beach to mean sea level has grown. The effect of these trends on resistance to storm surge erosion remains to be tested.Marine Scienc