Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum and prebiotics in reduction of aflatoxin B1 in milk

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of Lactobacillus plantarum isolated and associated with prebiotics (inulin, oligofrutose, β-glucan and polydextrose) on the aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) reduction in artificially contaminated milk.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Probiotic and prebiotics: impact on bioavailability of aflatoxin B1 in milk

Aflatoxina B1 (AFB1) é uma micotoxina altamente tóxica para os animais e os seres humanos. Esta toxina tem sido detetada no leite, e resulta da ingestão de ração contaminada pelo animal produtor. Dada a elevada toxicidade desta micotoxina, a utilização de métodos de descontaminação, com destaque para os probióticos, tem sido testados para redução da sua presença no leite. Mas a quantidade total de um contaminante ingerido nem sempre reflete o valor disponível para absorção (biodisponibilidade ou bioacessibilidade), pelo que são utilizados modelos de digestão in vitro para avaliar a bioacessibilidade oral humana de contaminantes dos alimentos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ação do microrganismo probiótico Lactobacillus plantarum BG112 e dos prebióticos oligofrutose, polidextrose, beta-glucana e inulina, isolados ou combinados, na bioacessibilidade da AFB1 após digestão in vitro. Amostras de leite foram fortificadas com a micotoxina e adicionadas dos agentes em estudo. A aflatoxina foi quantificada antes e depois da digestão in vitro das amostras por UHPLC-FL. A adição isolada de L. plantarum em leite contaminado por AFB1 resultou numa bioacessibilidade da AFB1 de 27%, confirmando a capacidade de ligação das bactérias ácido láticas com a AFB1. Em relação aos prebióticos, os valores de bioacessibilidade foram também bastante promissores, variando entre os 15 e os 51 %. O melhor resultado para bioacessibilidade foi demostrando quando introduzidos os prebióticos inulina e oligofrutose individualmente. Em conclusão, a adição de L. plantarum e de prebióticos reduziu a bioacessibilidade da AFB1 em todos os ensaios efetuados.Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a highly toxic mycotoxin, for both animals and humans. This toxin is frequently detected in milk, and it results from the ingestion of contaminated feed by producing animals. Given its high toxicity, methods of AFB1 decontamination, including the use of probiotic microorganisms, have been tested in milk. But the total amount of ingested contaminant does not always reflect the amount available for absorption (bioavailability), so in vitro digestion models are used to determine human oral bioavailability of food contaminants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum BG112 and prebiotics oligofructose, polydextrose, β-glucan and inulin, isolated or in a combined way, on bioavailability of AFB1 after in vitro digestion. Samples of milk were spiked with the mycotoxin and the agents under study were added. Aflatoxin was quantified by UHPLC-FL before and after digestion of samples. The addition of L. plantarum in milk contaminated with AFB1 resulted in mycotoxin bioavailability of 27 %, confirming the binding effect of lactic acid bacteria. Concerning prebiotics, bioavailability varied between 15 and 51 %. The best result was obtained with inulin and oligofructose when added alone. In conclusion, bioavailability of AFB1 was reduced by the addition of L. plantarum and prebiotics under all tested conditions.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Measurement of the mass of the Z boson and the energy calibration of LEP

In 1985 the French government created a unique circuit for the dissemination of doctoral theses: References went to a national database “Téléthèses” whereas the documents were distributed to the university libraries in microform. In the era of the electronic document this French network of deposit of and access to doctoral theses is changing. How do you discover and locate a French thesis today, how do you get hold of a paper copy and how do you access the full electronic text? What are the catalogues and databases referencing theses since the disappearance of “Téléthèses”? Where are the archives, and are they open? What is the legal environment that rules the emerging structures and tools? This paper presents national plans on referencing and archiving doctoral theses coordinated by the government as well as some initiatives for creating full text archives. These initiatives come from universities as well as from research institutions and learned societies. “Téléthèses” records have been integrated in a union catalogue of French university libraries SUDOC. University of Lyon-2 and INSA Lyon developed procedures and tools covering the entire production chain from writing to the final access in an archive: “Cyberthèses” and “Cither”. The CNRS Centre for Direct Scientific Communication at Lyon (CCSD) maintains an archive (“TEL”) with about 2000 theses in all disciplines. Another repository for theses in engineering, economics and management called “Pastel” is proposed by the Paris Institute of Technology (ParisTech), a consortium of 10 engineering and commercial schools of the Paris region