Die Ritterepik von Boiardo, Ariosto und Tasso im Spiegel von Geschichtlichkeit und Gegenwart: Faktizität, Fiktionalisierung, Historiographie

In der hier vorgestellten Arbeit werden die drei bekanntesten in Ferrara entstandenen Ritterepen Inamoramento de Orlando von Matteo Maria Boiardo, Orlando Furioso von Ludovico Ariosto und Gerusalemme Liberata von Torquato Tasso im Kontext ihrer Geschichtlichkeit untersucht. Drei Aspekte spielen dabei eine Rolle: Der Umgang der drei Autoren mit dem im Text verwendeten historischen Material, die Bezugnahmen im literarischen Text zum historischen Geschehen der Gegenwart der Autoren und die theoretischen Überlegungen zur Geschichtsschreibung in Humanismus und Renaissance. Bei allen drei Aspekten ist das Spannungsfeld zwischen historischer Faktizität und Fiktionalisierung von Belang, insbesondere da Dichtung und auch Geschichtsschreibung im kulturellen und politischen Umfeld des Fürstenhofs in Ferrara prinzipiell unter dem Einfluss der seinerzeit herrschenden Este-Dynastie zu betrachten sind. Anhand der drei Werke lassen sich die Beziehungen zwischen dem Geschehenen, dem literarischen Text und der Geschichtsschreibung herausarbeiten und darstellen. Es wird gezeigt, wie im Werk Ariostos, im Gegensatz zu dessen Vorläufer Boiardo, im Wechselspiel von aktuellen Fakten und historischen Fiktionen ein starkes Bewusstsein für die politische Krise der eigenen Gegenwart geschaffen wurde. Anschließend wird dargelegt, wie Tasso bei einer gewollten Scheidung zwischen Historischem und Fiktivem den gesellschaftlichen Zustand zum Ende des 16. Jahrhunderts zum Ausdruck kommen lässt.In the here presented thesis the three well known Ferrarese chivalric poems, Matteo Maria Boiardo's Inamoramento de Orlando, Ludovico Ariosto's Orlando Furioso and Torquato Tasso's Gerusalemme Liberata, will be analyzed in the context of history. Therefore three aspects are of interest: The use of historical material as the subject of the books' stories, the mentionings of the historical events that took place at the times the authors were living and the theoretical view on historiography in humanism and Renaissance. For all three aspects the relationship between historical facts and fiction is of relevance, since it has to be considered that poetry and also historiography are to be seen under the circumstances of the cultural and political courtly life in Ferrara under the influence of the Este dynasty. Throughout the work on those three books the relations between the historical events, the literaric texts and the historiography can be described. It will be shown how Ariosto by playing with actual facts and fiction in his poem – unlike his predecessor Boiardo – creates a strong sense of awareness for the political crisis of his own present. Then it will be described how Tasso in spite of his apparent detachment of his historical subject from the own present expresses the state of society at the end of the 16th century

Die Ritterepik von Boiardo, Ariosto und Tasso im Spiegel von Geschichtlichkeit und Gegenwart: Faktizität, Fiktionalisierung, Historiographie

In der hier vorgestellten Arbeit werden die drei bekanntesten in Ferrara entstandenen Ritterepen Inamoramento de Orlando von Matteo Maria Boiardo, Orlando Furioso von Ludovico Ariosto und Gerusalemme Liberata von Torquato Tasso im Kontext ihrer Geschichtlichkeit untersucht. Drei Aspekte spielen dabei eine Rolle: Der Umgang der drei Autoren mit dem im Text verwendeten historischen Material, die Bezugnahmen im literarischen Text zum historischen Geschehen der Gegenwart der Autoren und die theoretischen Überlegungen zur Geschichtsschreibung in Humanismus und Renaissance. Bei allen drei Aspekten ist das Spannungsfeld zwischen historischer Faktizität und Fiktionalisierung von Belang, insbesondere da Dichtung und auch Geschichtsschreibung im kulturellen und politischen Umfeld des Fürstenhofs in Ferrara prinzipiell unter dem Einfluss der seinerzeit herrschenden Este-Dynastie zu betrachten sind. Anhand der drei Werke lassen sich die Beziehungen zwischen dem Geschehenen, dem literarischen Text und der Geschichtsschreibung herausarbeiten und darstellen. Es wird gezeigt, wie im Werk Ariostos, im Gegensatz zu dessen Vorläufer Boiardo, im Wechselspiel von aktuellen Fakten und historischen Fiktionen ein starkes Bewusstsein für die politische Krise der eigenen Gegenwart geschaffen wurde. Anschließend wird dargelegt, wie Tasso bei einer gewollten Scheidung zwischen Historischem und Fiktivem den gesellschaftlichen Zustand zum Ende des 16. Jahrhunderts zum Ausdruck kommen lässt.In the here presented thesis the three well known Ferrarese chivalric poems, Matteo Maria Boiardo's Inamoramento de Orlando, Ludovico Ariosto's Orlando Furioso and Torquato Tasso's Gerusalemme Liberata, will be analyzed in the context of history. Therefore three aspects are of interest: The use of historical material as the subject of the books' stories, the mentionings of the historical events that took place at the times the authors were living and the theoretical view on historiography in humanism and Renaissance. For all three aspects the relationship between historical facts and fiction is of relevance, since it has to be considered that poetry and also historiography are to be seen under the circumstances of the cultural and political courtly life in Ferrara under the influence of the Este dynasty. Throughout the work on those three books the relations between the historical events, the literaric texts and the historiography can be described. It will be shown how Ariosto by playing with actual facts and fiction in his poem – unlike his predecessor Boiardo – creates a strong sense of awareness for the political crisis of his own present. Then it will be described how Tasso in spite of his apparent detachment of his historical subject from the own present expresses the state of society at the end of the 16th century

Disease Mapping of Stage-specific Cancer Incidence Data

We propose two approaches for the spatial analysis of cancer incidence data with additional information on the stage of the disease at time of diagnosis. The two formulations are extensions of commonly used models for multicategorical response data on an ordinal scale. We include spatial and age group effects in both formulations, which we estimate in a nonparametric smooth way. More specifically, we adopt a fully Bayesian approach based on Gaussian pairwise difference priors where additional smoothing parameters are treated as unknown as well. We apply our methods to data on cervical cancer in the former German Democratic Republic. The results suggest that there are large spatial differences in the stage-proportions, which indicates spatial variability with respect to the introduction and effectiveness of screening programs

Protein folding causes an arrest of preprotein translocation into mitochondria in vivo

With vital yeast cells, a hybrid protein consisting of the amino- terminal third of the precursor to cytochrome b2 and of the entire dihydrofolate reductase was arrested on the import pathway into mitochondria. Accumulation of the protein in the mitochondrial membranes was achieved by inducing a stable tertiary structure of the dihydrofolate reductase domain. Thereby, three salient features of mitochondrial protein uptake in vivo were demonstrated: its posttranslational character; the requirement for unfolding of precursors; and import through translocation contact sites. The permanent occupation of translocation sites by the fusion protein inhibited the import of other precursors; it did, however, not lead to leakage of mitochondrial ions, implying the existence of a channel that is sealed around the membrane spanning polypeptide segment

Adaptive smoothing of multi-shell diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance data by msPOAS

In this article we present a noise reduction method (msPOAS) for multi-shell diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance data. To our knowledge, this is the first smoothing method which allows simultaneous smoothing of all q-shells. It is applied directly to the diffusion weighted data and consequently allows subsequent analysis by any model. Due to its adaptivity, the procedure avoids blurring of the inherent structures and preserves discontinuities. MsPOAS extends the recently developed position-orientation adaptive smoothing (POAS) procedure to multi-shell experiments. At the same time it considerably simplifies and accelerates the calculations. The behavior of the algorithm msPOAS is evaluated on diffusion-weighted data measured on a single shell and on multiple shells

Adaptive smoothing of multi-shell diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance data by msPOAS

In this article we present a noise reduction method (msPOAS) for multi-shell diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance data. To our knowledge, this is the first smoothing method which allows simultaneous smoothing of all q-shells. It is applied directly to the diffusion weighted data and consequently allows subsequent analysis by any model. Due to its adaptivity, the procedure avoids blurring of the inherent structures and preserves discontinuities. MsPOAS extends the recently developed position-orientation adaptive smoothing (POAS) procedure to multi-shell experiments. At the same time it considerably simplifies and accelerates the calculations. The behavior of the algorithm msPOAS is evaluated on diffusion-weighted data measured on a single shell and on multiple shells

Adaptive smoothing of multi-shell diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance data by msPOAS

In this article we present a noise reduction method (msPOAS) for multi-shell diffusionweighted magnetic resonance data. To our knowledge, this is the first smoothing method which allows simultaneous smoothing of all q-shells. It is applied directly to the diffusion weighted data and consequently allows subsequent analysis by any model. Due to its adaptivity, the procedure avoids blurring of the inherent structures and preserves discontinuities. MsPOAS extends the recently developed positionorientation adaptive smoothing (POAS) procedure to multi-shell experiments. At the same time it considerably simplifies and accelerates the calculations. The behavior of the algorithm msPOAS is evaluated on diffusion-weighted data measured on a single shell and on multiple shells

Assembly of the Mitochondrial Protein Import Channel: Role of Tom5 in Two-Stage Interaction of Tom40 with the SAM Complex

Tom40 forms the channel of the mitochondrial preprotein translocase. This beta-barrel protein assembles with alpha-helical proteins, however little is known about the mechanism of assembly. Becker et al identified a new intermediate in Tom40 assembly and show that small alpha-helical Tom proteins associate with Tom40 directly at the SAM complex