Lalakenis/All Directions : A Journey of Truth and Unity

"The catalogue offers visual documentation of the belongings that were gathered together and displayed in the Gallery during the Lalakenis exhibition, along with images from the two journeys that culminated in copper-breaking ceremonies: Awalaskenis I (February 2013) beginning in Quatsino and ending in Victoria, BC and Awalaskenis II (July 2014) which saw Beau Dick and 21 companions setting out from UBC for Ottawa." -- Publisher's website

Activity of EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in NSCLC With Refractory Leptomeningeal Metastases

International audienc

ETUDE DE LA REGULATION TESTICULAIRE DU GENE DE L'HORMONE ANTI-MULLERIENNE CHEZ LA SOURIS

LA CASCADE MOLECULAIRE DE LA DIFFERENCIATION SEXUELLE CHEZ LE MALE, DECLENCHEE PAR LE GENE DU DETERMINISME TESTICULAIRE SRY, EST ENCORE LARGEMENT MECONNUE. PARTANT DE L'OBSERVATION QUE L'EXPRESSION DU GENE DE L'HORMONE ANTI-MULLERIENNE (AMH), IMPLIQUEE DANS LA MISE EN PLACE DU TRACTUS GENITAL INTERNE MALE, CONSTITUE UN BON MARQUEUR DE LA DIFFERENCIATION DES CELLULES DE SERTOLI, NOUS AVONS EMIS L'HYPOTHESE SELON LAQUELLE LA RECHERCHE DES EFFECTEURS IMPLIQUES DANS LA REGULATION DE CE GENE PEUT CONDUIRE A L'IDENTIFICATION DE FACTEURS EGALEMENT REQUIS POUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT TESTICULAIRE. DEUX APPROCHES SUCCESSIVES ONT ETE DEVELOPPPEES : 1- LA PREMIERE VISE A IDENTIFIER LES REGIONS D'ADN QUI CONFERENT A L'AMH SA SPECIFICITE D'EXPRESSION (SEXE, TISSU ET CHRONOLOGIE). PLUSIEURS LIGNEES TRANSGENIQUES INDEPENDANTES ONT ETE OBTENUES ET ONT PERMIS DE DEFINIR UNE REGION DE 370 PB, REQUISE POUR L'ACTIVATION INITIALE DE L'AMH DANS LE TESTICULE. IL SEMBLE DONC QUE L'EXPRESSION SERTOLIENNE DE L'AMH SE DEROULE SELON, AU MOINS, 2 ETAPES DISTINCTES, INITIATION PUIS MAINTIEN. 2- LA DEUXIEME A PERMIS D'IDENTIFIER 4 SITES DE FIXATION D'AFFINITES DIFFERENTES POUR LE FACTEUR GATA-1 DANS LE PROMOTEUR DE 370 PB. LA COMPARAISON DES PROFILS D'EXPRESSION DE L'AMH ET DE GATA-1 AU COURS DU DEVELOPPEMENT A PERMIS D'ENVISAGER LA PARTICIPATION DE GATA-1 DANS LA REPRESSION TRANSCRIPTIONNELLE DE L'AMH ET DE DEFINIR UNE PERIODE DE TRANSITION (3-7 JPP), AU COURS DE LAQUELLE L'ARRIVEE PROGRESSIVE DE GATA-1 PROVOQUE L'ARRET DE LA PRODUCTION D'AMH. FINALEMENT, LA REGULATION TRANSCRIPTIONNELLE DE L'AMH COMPREND 3 ETAPES CONSECUTIVES INITIATION, MAINTIEN ET REPRESSION. A L'HEURE ACTUELLE, SEULE LA REGION PROMOTRICE NECESSAIRE POUR L'ACTIVATION INITIALE DE L'AMH EST LOCALISEE. LES REGIONS REGULATRICES REQUISES POUR LA PHASE DE MAINTIEN NE SONT PAS CONNUES ; LEUR RECHERCHE S'ORIENTE VERS LA REGION EN 3 DE L'AMH. ENFIN, GATA-1 SEMBLE ASSURER D'AUTRES FONCTIONS DANS LE TESTICULE QUE NOUS CHERCHERONS A IDENTIFIER.PARIS-BIUSJ-Thèses (751052125) / SudocCentre Technique Livre Ens. Sup. (774682301) / SudocPARIS-BIUSJ-Physique recherche (751052113) / SudocSudocFranceF

The Impact of Chemotherapy on the Ovaries: Molecular Aspects and the Prevention of Ovarian Damage

Cancer treatment, such as chemotherapy, induces early ovarian follicular depletion and subsequent infertility. In order to protect gametes from the gonadotoxic effects of chemotherapy, several fertility preservation techniques—such as oocyte or embryo cryopreservation with or without ovarian stimulation, or cryopreservation of the ovarian cortex—should be considered. However, these methods may be difficult to perform, and the future use of cryopreserved germ cells remains uncertain. Therefore, improving the methods currently available and developing new strategies to preserve fertility represent major challenges in the area of oncofertility. Animal and ovarian culture models have been used to decipher the effects of different cytotoxic agents on ovarian function and several theories regarding chemotherapy gonadotoxicity have been raised. For example, cytotoxic agents might (i) have a direct detrimental effect on the DNA of primordial follicles constituting the ovarian reserve and induce apoptosis; (ii) induce a massive growth of dormant follicles, which are then destroyed; or (ii) induce vascular ovarian damage. Thanks to improvements in the understanding of the mechanisms involved, a large number of studies have been carried out to develop molecules limiting the negative impact of chemotherapy on the ovaries

The regulation of birdsong by testosterone: Multiple time-scales and multiple sites of action

Sex steroid hormones act during early development to shape the circuitry upon which these same hormones act in adulthood to control behavioral responses to various stimuli. The “organizational” vs. “activational” dis- tinction was proposed to explain this temporal difference in hormone action. In both of these cases steroids were thought to act genomically over a time-scale of days to weeks. However, sex steroids can affect behavior over short (e.g., seconds or minutes) time-scales. Here, we discuss how testosterone controls birdsong via actions at different sites and over different time-scales, with an emphasis on this process in canaries (Serinus canaria). Our work shows that testosterone in the medial preoptic nucleus regulates the motivation to sing, but not aspects of song performance. Instead, different aspects of song performance are regulated by long-term actions of testos- terone in steroid-sensitive cortical-like brain regions and the syrinx, the avian vocal production organ. On the other hand, acute aromatase inhibition rapidly reduces the availability of estrogens and this reduction is cor- related with reductions in the motivation to sing and song performance. Thus, testosterone and its estrogenic metabolites regulate distinct features of birdsong depending on the site and temporal window of action. The number of brain areas expressing androgen receptors is higher in species producing learned vocalization as compared to species that produce unlearned calls. An appealing scenario is that rapid effects of steroids in specific brain regions is a derived trait secondary to the widespread genomic effects of steroids in systems where steroids coordinate morphological, physiological, and behavioral traits

High-throughput ovarian follicle counting by an innovative deep learning approach

Abstract The evaluation of the number of mouse ovarian primordial follicles (PMF) can provide important information about ovarian function, regulation of folliculogenesis or the impact of chemotherapy on fertility. This counting, usually performed by specialized operators, is a tedious, time-consuming but indispensable procedure.The development and increasing use of deep machine learning algorithms promise to speed up and improve this process. Here, we present a new methodology of automatically detecting and counting PMF, using convolutional neural networks driven by labelled datasets and a sliding window algorithm to select test data. Trained from a database of 9 millions of images extracted from mouse ovaries, and tested over two ovaries (3 millions of images to classify and 2 000 follicles to detect), the algorithm processes the digitized histological slides of a completed ovary in less than one minute, dividing the usual processing time by a factor of about 30. It also outperforms the measurements made by a pathologist through optical detection. Its ability to correct label errors enables conducting an active learning process with the operator, improving the overall counting iteratively. These results could be suitable to adapt the methodology to the human ovarian follicles by transfer learning

Aromatase inhibition rapidly affects in a reversible manner distinct features of birdsong

Recent evidence has implicated steroid hormones, specifically estrogens, in the rapid modulation of cognitive processes. Songbirds have been a useful model system in the study of complex cognitive processes including birdsong, a naturally learned vocal behavior regulated by a discrete steroid-sensitive telencephalic circuitry. Singing behavior is known to be regulated by long-term actions of estrogens but rapid steroid modulation of this behavior has never been examined. We investigated if acute actions of estrogens regulate birdsong in canaries (Serinus canaria). In the morning, male canaries sing within minutes after light onset. Birds were injected with fadrozole, a potent aromatase inhibitor, or vehicle within 2-5 minutes after lights on to implement a within-subjects experimental design. This single injection of fadrozole reduced the motivation to sing as well as song acoustic stereotypy, a measure of consistency over song renditions, on the same day. By the next day, however, all song measures that were affected had returned to baseline. This study indicates that estrogens also act in a rapid fashion to regulate two distinct features of song, a learned vocal behavior