Dermatophytes in the rural area of Duzce, Turkey

WOS: 000225686100003PubMed: 15601451A total of 227 subjects (112 were male and 115 female), who were residents of the rural region of Duzce, were examined for dermatomycosis. A total of 120 samples (47 nail fragments, 73 skin scales) were collected from 81 patients for mycological analysis on the basis of the results of clinical evaluation. All specimens collected were analysed by direct microscopy and culture. Positive results were detected in the cultures of 53 (44.1%) of the 120 samples. About 46 (86.7%) samples also presented positive results in direct microscopy. In the cases of seven samples positive results were found in culture and negative results with direct microscopy. Both culture and direct microscopy presented negative results in 67 (55.8%) samples. The most frequently isolated aetiological agents were 33 Trichophyton rubrum (62.2%), and nine T. mentagrophytes (16.9%). In conclusion, traditional and religious habits such as cohabitation and performing ritual ablutions may affect the prevalence of dermatophyte infections. The performance of ritual ablutions is not in itself a risk factor for acquiring dermatophyte infection; rather it is not drying the extremities after ablutions, that is the main risk factor for this group. Tinea capitis was not found in any of the subjects in spite of the fact that it is one of the most common infectious conditions in children. This is the first paper to report the prevalence of fungal infections in Duzce, a western Black Sea region of Turkey

Dermatoses provocadas por plantas (fitodermatoses) Dermatosis due to plants (phytodermatosis)

As dermatoses causadas por plantas são relativamente comuns no nosso meio e podem ocorrer por diversos mecanismos patogênicos. São descritas dermatoses por trauma físico, por ação farmacológica, mediadas por IgE, por irritação, por ação conjunta da luz e por sensibilização. Também são descritas na introdução desta revisão as pseudofitodermatoses causadas por elementos veiculados pelas plantas e, por isso, aparentemente causadas pelas plantas.<br>Dermatosis caused by plants is relatively common and may occur by various pathogenic mechanisms. Dermatitis due to physical trauma, pharmacological action, irritation, sensitization, mediated by IgE and induced by light are described. Pseudophytodermatosis caused by plant-delivered elements is also described in the introduction to this work

In situ Characterisation of Practical Heterogeneous Catalysts

In situ methods are considered as a curiosity within the standard methodology of practical catalyst characterization. The methods are not commercially available and need to be adapted and validated for each specific problem. The great advantage of these methods is, however, that they deliver immediately relevant characteristics of the working state of a heterogeneous catalyst and allow justified structure-function relations to be deduced. To achieve this it is essential that the experiments are planned and conducted in such away that the proven to be active state of the catalyst is investigated. This can only be ascertained if simultaneous kinetic and spectroscopic data are acquired. The contribution lists a selection of methods with their main characteristics that allows to choose from the wide spectrum of information those that are most relevant for the given problem. A tabulated selection of case studies from the literature gives some insight in the current practice