Lycopene partially reverses symptoms of diabetes in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes

This study was supported in part by the Eskisehir Osmangazi University, the Scientific Research and Application Centre (FBAM). The authors are grateful to TICAM (Medical and Surgical Experimental Research Center, Eskisehir Osmangazi University)In the present study, we describe the effects of lycopene on the symptoms of streptozotocin (STZ)–induced diabetes in rats. Lycopene at the dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day was orally administered to STZ-induced diabetic rats for a period of 7 days after onset of diabetes. At the same time, food–water intake and body weight change were recorded daily. Upon sacrifice, biochemical parameters, such as the serum glucose, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), were measured in all experimental groups. Administration of lycopene at the dose of 2.5 mg/kg bw per day significantly reduced serum glucose, TC, TG, ALT, and AST levels, and increased serum insulin levels, but there were no improvements in food–water intake and body weight change parameters in lycopene-treated diabetic rats. The results suggest that orally administrated lycopene exhibits a potent hypoglycemic effect in STZ-induced diabetic rats and that lycopene may be useful for the management of diabetes mellitus

The effects of lycopene on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats

There is a very little information about the protective effect of lycopene (LYC) against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. The present study was designed to examine the possible protective effect of the strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, LYC, on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. For this purpose, rats were subjected to 45 min of hepatic ischemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion period. LYC at the doses of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg body weight (bw) were injected intraperitoneally, 60 min prior to ischemia. Upon sacrification, hepatic tissue samples were used for the measurement of catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Also, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were assayed in serum samples. As a result of the use of LYC at the doses of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg bw; while improvements of the ALT, AST, LDH and MDA values were partial and dose-dependent, the improvement of CAT activity was total and dose-independent (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that LYC has a protective effect against ischemia/reperfusion injury on the liver

The hepatoprotective effects of Hypericum perforatum L. on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats

Little is known about the effective role of Hypericum perforatum on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Hence, albino rats were subjected to 45 min of hepatic ischemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion period. Hypericum perforatum extract (HPE) at the dose of 50 mg/kg body weight (HPE50) was intraperitonally injected as a single dose, 15 min prior to ischemia. Rats were sacrificed at the end of reperfusion period and then, biochemical investigations were made in serum and liver tissue. Liver tissue homogenates were used for the measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels. At the same time alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were assayed in serum samples and compared statistically. While the ALT, AST, LDH activities and MDA levels were significantly increased, CAT and GPx activities significantly decreased in only I/R-induced control rats compared to normal control rats (p < 0.05). Treatment with HPE50 significantly decreased the ALT, AST, LDH activities and MDA levels, and markedly increased activities of CAT and GPx in tissue homogenates compared to I/R-induced rats without treatment-control group (p < 0.05). In oxidative stress generated by hepatic ischemia-reperfusion, H. perforatum L. as an antioxidant agent contributes an alteration in the delicate balance between the scavenging capacity of antioxidant defence systems and free radicals in favour of the antioxidant defence systems in the body

Gallic acid reduces experimental colitis in rats by downregulation of cathepsin and oxidative stress

Objective: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with common, repetitive inflammation of the colon and rectum, which is highly defined by loss of blood on colon mucosa, ulceration and acute inflammation. The present study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of gallic acid (GA) through a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis rat model, using biochemical and histopathological parameters. Materials and Methods: The study consisted of four groups, each including seven rats, namely control group, colitis group, colitis-GA 50 mg/kg group and colitis-GA 100 mg/kg group. Colon tissue samples were analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), cathepsin B and cathepsin L values. Results: Tissue MDA, MPO, cathepsin L and cathepsin B values increased significantly in colitis group (p=0.028, p=0.038, p=0.024, p=0.019, respectively). However, MDA, MPO, cathepsin L and cathepsin B values showed a significant decrease in animals with GA (at a dose of 100 mg/kg) administration in TNBS-induced colitis in rats (p=0.021, p=0.026, p=0.019, p=0.031, respectively). Colitis group was defined by the severe detriment of surface epithelium, submucosal edema and inflammatory cell infiltration. Treatment with GA significantly decreased inflammatory cell infiltration. Conclusion: GA can be used as an effective agent in the treatment of colitis due to its inhibitory properties in multiple pathways and its potent antioxidant effect

Linkages Between Market Capitalization and Economic Growth: The Case of Emerging Markets

Recent years has seen a market rise in the debate among academic and policy circles regarding the relationship stock markets and economic growth. In this study, the linkages between market capitalization and economic growth is analyzed using annual data of 8 emerging countries for the period 1991 to 2012. The main objectives of this study are to determine the reaction of economic growth in the face of a shock in market capitalization rate and to examine whether stock market development has a positive or negative effect on national economies. Using Panel Vector Autoregressive models, we find positive and statistically significant responses to a market capitalization rate shock

Utilización del documento de consentimiento informado en la práctica odontológica pública del partido de La Plata (Argentina) - 2003

La odontología como ciencia biológica difiere del pensamiento jurídico en numerosos puntos. La biología es a menudo variante. Por lo tanto el razonamiento biológico lleva implícito una parte de reserva, de incertidumbre y de duda. Por el contrario el pensamiento jurídico tiene que responder a los textos que lo instituyen como los códigos y las leyes, que son de elaboración humana, por lo tanto discernibles y asimilables. Desde la época que el hombre realizaba investigaciones empíricas, hasta nuestros días, han concurrido ciencias y disciplinas de investigación que han generado el crecimiento de diferentes especialidades, aportando elementos que definen y caracterizan su campo de acción. La Odontología Legal, como cualquier rama de la ciencia, es un producto de la evolución del hombre. Por lo tanto varía con el tiempo, es distinta según los estados o los países. El Derecho moderno establece una colaboración entre la ciencia y la ley. En estos casos el grado de responsabilidad del odontólogo es alto, porque tiene la función de auxiliar con sus conocimientos, donde sus dichos pueden influir con fuerza sobre el fallo del magistrado. Es preciso, actualmente que el perito odontólogo, adquiera un cúmulo de conocimientos sobre el espíritu jurídico y los procedimientos a seguir en los distintos fueros.Facultad de Odontología (FOLP

The examination of protective effects of gallic acid against damage of oxidative stress during induced-experimental renal ischemia-reperfusion in experiment

Aim: In this study, probable effects of gallic acid were investigated in experimentally induced renal I/R injury in rats. Material and methods: For this purpose, each group consisted of 7 Sprague dawley male albino rats. Groups were defined as follows; Group I: control group; Group II: I/R group; Group III, IV and V: I/R+Gallic acid (50, 100 and 200 mg.kg(-1) respectively-i.p.). Left kidney was removed by nephrectomy except for Group I. I/R was induced in the other kidney. Gallic acid was given 15 mins before ischemia induction. SOD, CAT and Gpx activities were determined by electrophoresis. MDA, MPO levels were determined spectrophotometrically. Histopathological investigations were also performed in kidney tissues. BUN and Creatinine levels in serum were determined. Results: BUN, Creatinine and MDA levels were statistically significant but MPO level was not statistically significantly increased in Group II. For SOD, CAT, Gpx activities in Group II, an increase was determined with respect to Group I. Histopathological investigations revealed widespread hyperemia in glomerulus, expansion of the structure between tubules and cell disruptions in Group II. In Group V (200 mg.kg-1 gallic acid), in terms of biochemical parameters, in spite of the significant decrease in BUN, Creatinine and MDA levels; a decrease was determined in SOD, CAT and Gpx isoenzyme activities. Group V showed histologically that I/R injury had been prevented to a greater extent and appearances were close to the control. Conclusion: As a result, in terms of our study, evaluations regarding kidney functions and histopathology have shown that gallic acid has protective effects in renal I/R injury (Tab. 2, Fig. 5, Ref. 36). Text in PDF www.elis.sk

The role of rs1799889 genetic variation in Type 2 diabetes and Diabetic Nephropathy risk

Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM) represents a complex metabolic disease with genetic heterogeneity and increasing worldwide prevalence. One of the candidate genes associated with T2 DM and diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene. The present research aimed to reveal the polymorphism frequencies of the PAI-1 gene 4G/5G and to investigate the role of this polymorphism in T2 DM and DN development