Objective: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with common, repetitive inflammation
of the colon and rectum, which is highly defined by loss of blood on colon mucosa, ulceration and acute inflammation. The
present study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of gallic acid (GA) through a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic
acid (TNBS)-induced colitis rat model, using biochemical and histopathological parameters.
Materials and Methods: The study consisted of four groups, each including seven rats, namely control group, colitis group,
colitis-GA 50 mg/kg group and colitis-GA 100 mg/kg group. Colon tissue samples were analyzed for malondialdehyde
(MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), cathepsin B and cathepsin L values.
Results: Tissue MDA, MPO, cathepsin L and cathepsin B values increased significantly in colitis group (p=0.028, p=0.038,
p=0.024, p=0.019, respectively). However, MDA, MPO, cathepsin L and cathepsin B values showed a significant decrease
in animals with GA (at a dose of 100 mg/kg) administration in TNBS-induced colitis in rats (p=0.021, p=0.026, p=0.019,
p=0.031, respectively). Colitis group was defined by the severe detriment of surface epithelium, submucosal edema and
inflammatory cell infiltration. Treatment with GA significantly decreased inflammatory cell infiltration.
Conclusion: GA can be used as an effective agent in the treatment of colitis due to its inhibitory properties in multiple
pathways and its potent antioxidant effect