Differential expression analysis of meat tenderness governing genes in different skeletal muscles of bovines

BACKGROUNDThe aim of this study was to compare 12 different skeletal muscles of bovine (n=15) with each other in terms of tenderness and meat-quality-related gene expressions. Tenderness values were evaluated by shear force, and ANK1, CAPN1, CAST, HSPB1, HSPA1A gene expressions were analyzed by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction

Differential expression analysis of meat tenderness governing genes in different skeletal muscles of bovines

BACKGROUNDThe aim of this study was to compare 12 different skeletal muscles of bovine (n=15) with each other in terms of tenderness and meat-quality-related gene expressions. Tenderness values were evaluated by shear force, and ANK1, CAPN1, CAST, HSPB1, HSPA1A gene expressions were analyzed by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction

Conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue in the angora rabbit

Bu çalışmada, Ankara tavşanında konjunktiva ile ilişkili lenfoid dokunun (Conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue, CALT) yapısı ışık ve elektron mikroskobik olarak incelendi. Araştırmada özel yetiştiricilerden sağlanan 10 adet sağlıklı, erişkin Ankara tavşanı kullanıldı. Asetik asit ile yapılan incelemede konjunktivanın lenfoid ve non-lenfoid bölgeler içerdiği gözlendi. Agregat lenf folliküllerinin nazolakrimal punktum çevresinde kümelendiği belirlendi. Histolojik olarak agregat lenf foliküllerinin epitele yakınlaştığı ve folikül ile ilişkili epiteli (Follicle-associated epithelium, FAE) oluşturduğu görüldü. Bu foliküller germinal merkez, korona, subepiteliyal dom bölgesi ve interfoliküler alanlardan oluşmaktaydı. Dom bölgesini örten FAE, kadeh hücresi içermeyen tek katlı yassı epitelden meydana gelirken; lenfoid yapı içermeyen bölge yapısında kadeh hücreleri bulunan yalancı çok katlı pirizmatik epitel ile örtülüydü. İnterfoliküler alanlarda ve folliküllerin dip kısımlarında yüksek endoteliyal venüllere rastlandı. İnce yapı düzeyinde, FAE’de elektron yoğun, ince ve dar bir sitoplazmaya sahip olan membranöz hücreler (M hücreleri) görüldü. Bu hücreler apikal membranında kısa ve düzensiz mikrofoldlar, sitoplazmasında vezikül ve vakuoller ile karakterizeydi. M hücrelerinin bazolateralinde ise lenfositler ve makrofajlar görüldü. Sonuç olarak, Ankara tavşanında CALT’ın, mukoza ile ilişkili lenfoid dokuların karakteristik özelliklerine sahip olduğu belirlendi.In this study; the structure of the conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT) of the Angora rabbit was analyzed by using light and electron microscope. Ten healthy adult Angora rabbits were used for this study, provided from private breeders. The examination performed using acetic acid revealed the presence of lymphoid and nonlymphoid regions in the conjunctiva. The aggregated lymphoid follicles were determined to be clustered around nasolacrimal punctum. Histologically, the aggregated lymphoid follicles were seen to become closely associated with epithelium and compose the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE). These follicles were formed by germinal center, corona, subepithelial dome region and interfolliculer region. The FAE covered by the dome region was consisted by the single layered squamous epithelium without goblet cells, whereas non-lymphoid region was lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells. In the region of interfollicular and at the bottom of follicles, high endothelial venules were founded. Ultrastructurally, in the FAE, the membranous cells (M cells) were observed with thin and narrow electron dense cytoplasm. M cells were characterized by short and irregular microfolds in the apical membrane and their cytoplasm contained vesicles and vacuoles. At the basolateral surface of the M cells, lymphocytes and macrophages were seen. As a result, it was determined that CALT of the Angora rabbit possess the characteristic features of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

The effect of dietary supplementation of natural antioxidants and coated calcium butyrate on carcass traits, serum biochemical parameters, lipid peroxidation in meat and intestinal histomorphology in broilers

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin E, grape seed extract and green tea extract with or without supplementation of coated calcium butyrate in broilers based on carcass traits, some biochemical parameters, intestinal histomorphology, and lipid peroxidation in meat. Two hundred fifty-two one-day-old broiler chicks were divided into nine groups, one control and eight experimental. Control group fed only a basal diet (control). The experimental groups' diets contained feed additives as; coated calcium butyrate (CCB), vitamin E (VitE), grape seed extract (GSE), green tea extract (GTE), a combination of vitamin E with coated calcium butyrate (VitE+CCB), grape seed extract with coated calcium butyrate (GSE+CCB), green tea extract with coated calcium butyrate (GTE+CCB), and a combination of grape seed extract, green tea extract, and coated calcium butyrate (GSE+GTE+CCB) respectively. According to the study results; no significant differences were observed in gut histomorphology and serum biochemical parameters. The broilers fed with GSE and GTE with/without CCB had significantly higher hot carcass yield than control, VitE, and VitE+CCB. Furthermore, all groups showed significantly lesser lipid peroxidation in meat than control; however, the VitE group had the lowest malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. It can be concluded that the combination of CCB with natural antioxidants could be used to improve carcass traits and meat antioxidant capacity in broilers

The structural properties of vimentin positive cells in the ileum epithelium of Angora rabbit

Çalışma, Ankara tavşanı ileum epitelinde vimentin pozitif hücreleri anti-vimentin primer antikoru yardımıyla immunohistokimyasal olarak belirlemek, ince yapı düzeyinde bu hücrelerin sahip oldukları morfolojik özellikleri ortaya koymak ve villus epitellerinde FAE dışı villöz M hücrelerinin varlığını araştırmak amacıyla planlanmıştır. Çalışmada materyal olarak, on adet sağlıklı, erişkin Ankara tavşanı kullanıldı. İleumun Peyer plakları içeren ve içermeyen bölgeleri incelendi. İleal Peyer plaklarında dom bölgelerinin yüzeylerini örten folikülle ilişkili epitellerdeki (FAE) olgun ve olgunlaşmamış M hücreleri ile villus intestinalis epitellerindeki kupa hücreleri vimentin pozitif immunreaksiyon gösterdi. Elektron mikroskobik incelemede, olgun M hücrelerinin bazolateral bir invaginasyonla intraepiteliyal lenfositleri (İEL) çevrelediği görüldü. Olgunlaşmamış M hücreleri ve kupa hücrelerinin ise böyle bir paketlenme olmaksızın bir veya iki adet İEL’le yakın ilişki içerisinde olduğu belirlendi. Villöz M hücreleri ise ileal villus epitellerinde tespit edilemedi. Sonuç olarak, kupa hücrelerinin bir intraepiteliyal paketlenme olmaksızın İEL’lerle yakın ilişki içerisinde olması ve sitoplazmasında vimentin pozitif immunreaktivite göstermeleri nedeniyle olgunlaşmamış M hücrelerine benzedikleri, ancak ince yapı özellikleri değerlendirildiğinde bu hücrelerin villöz M hücreleri veya enterosit olmadıkları anlaşıldı.The study was projected to determine immunohistochemically vimentin positive cells by using anti-vimentin primary antibody, to eludicate ultrastructurally the morphological properties of these cells and, to examined the presence of villous M cells in villi epithelia. In this study, ten healthy, adult Angora rabbits were used as a material. It was examined the ileum with and without Peyer’s patches. Immunohistochemical examination revealed the mature and immature M cells within FAE’s and cup cells within epithelium of villi exibited the positive vimentin immunoreactivity. Electron microscopical examination revealed the mature M cells surrounded the intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) by a basolateral invagination. Whereas, immature M cells and cup cells were observed to be associated with one or two intraepithelial lymphocytes without such a pocketing. No villous M cells were found within epithelia of ileal villi. In conclusion, the cup cells are similar to immature M cells associated with IEL without a intraepithelial pocketing and showed a vimentin positive immunoreaction within their cytoplasms, but these cells are not villous M cells or enterocytes

Determination of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity inperipheral blood leukocytes of pregnant, adult, and kitten Angora cats

This study aimed to determine the alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity of peripheral blood leukocytes in pregnant, kitten, and adult Angora cats. In each group 9 healthy pregnant, adult, and kitten Angora cats constituted the material of the study. Optimum reaction was achieved after a 3 h incubation period at pH 5.8, by ANAE staining. Two types of reaction were observed in ANAE () T lymphocytes. The first reaction was a dot-like positivity pattern characterized by the presence of large granules, while the other was a granular positivity pattern characterized by the presence of 3 to 5 small granules. B lymphocytes reacted negatively in ANAE staining. The rate of ANAE () lymphocytes in pregnant, kitten, and adult Angora cats was 62.89 ± 1.29%, 68.37 ± 1.22%, and 77.71 ± 1.63%, respectively. In conclusion, the lowest rate of ANAE-positive lymphocytes was detected in the pregnant cats, depending on the maternal immune tolerance supported by hormonal mechanisms. An increased rate of ANAE-positive lymphocytes was detected in the kittens, and the highest rate was measured in the adults, in parallel with the development of the immune system