Differential attraction of drosophilids to banana baits inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Hanseniaspora uvarum within a Neotropical forest remnant

Background. Yeasts are a necessary requisite in the diet of most Drosophila species that, in turn, may vector their dispersal in natural environments. Differential attractiveness experiments and the isolation of yeasts consumed by Drosophila may be informative for characterizing this association. Hanseniaspora uvarum is among the most common yeast species isolated from Drosophila crops, with high attractiveness to drosophilids. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been widely used to collect flies, and it allows broad sampling of almost all local Drosophila species. Pronounced differences in the field concerning Drosophila attractivity to baits seeded with these yeast species have been previously reported. However, few explicit generalizations have been set. Since late fifties, no field experiments of Drosophila attractivity were carried out in the Neotropical region, which is facing shifts in abiotic and biotic factors. Our objective is to characterize preference behavior that mediates the interaction in the wild among Neotropical Drosophila species and yeasts associated with them. We want to set a broad generalization about drosophilids attracted to these yeasts. Here we present the results of a differential attractiveness experiment we carried out in a natural Atlantic Rainforest fragment to assess the preferences of Drosophila species groups to baits inoculated with H. uvarum and S. cerevisiae. Methods. Both yeast species were cultured in GYMP broth and separately poured in autoclaved mashed banana that was left fermenting. In the field, we collected drosophilids over five arrays of three different baits: non-inoculated autoclaved banana and banana inoculated with each yeast. In the laboratory the drosophilids were sorted to five sets according to their external morphology and/or genitalia: tripunctata; guarani; willistoni; exotic; and the remaining flies pooled in others. Results and Conclusions. Uninoculated banana baits attracted virtually no flies. We found significant departures from random distribution over the other two baits (1:1 proportion) for all sets, except the pooled others. Flies of the sets willistoni and exotic preferred H. uvarum over S. cerevisiae, while the remaining sets were more attracted to S. cerevisiae. Previously, various authors reported similar patterns in attraction experiments with S. cerevisiae and H. uvarum. It is also noteworthy that both yeast species have been isolated from natural substrates and crops of Drosophila species. Taken together, these results suggest that the preferences among Drosophila species groups may be reflecting deep and stable relations with yeast species in natural environments. They can be summarized as: forest dwelling species from subgenus Drosophila (such as tripunctata and guarani groups) are attracted to banana baits seeded with S. cerevisiae; while exotic (as D. melanogaster) and subgenus Sophophora species are preferentially attracted to baits seeded with H. uvarum

Mitochondrial K_ATP Channel and Dopaminergic Vulnerability Neurons in Parkinson’s Disease

The motor deficiency control commonly characterizes Parkinson’s disease (PD), resulting in impairment of neuromuscular command, because of basal ganglia nuclei degeneration and late formation of Lewy’s bodies in the remaining dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Motor signals are triggered in high cortical motor areas and go toward the midbrain regions, where the final tuning movement takes place. PD is characterized primarily by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the regions known as substantia nigra compacta (STNc). Mutations in a couple of genes, such as Parkin1 and DJ1, correspond to the usual familial form of the disease, due to its association with oxidative stress and depolarization of mitochondrial membrane. However, this form does not explain the selective pattern of apoptosis between the neuronal dopaminergic areas of midbrain regions. In this chapter, we are putting forward the hypothesis of oxidative stress and mitochondrial changes as the apparent most relevant cause in PD, as well as the neuroprotective role played by Kir6.2, a potassium-ATP channel and calcium voltage-gated v1.3

UTILIZAÇÃO DE ADITIVOS NATURAIS NO BIODIESEL PARA O MELHORAMENTO DA SUA ESTABILIDADE OXIDATIVA

O biodiesel é um combustível biodegradável, renovável e que apresenta características similares ao diesel, porém não apresenta uma boa estabilidade oxidativa. Diante dessa situação, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar os avanços tecnológicos na área de desenvolvimento de aditivos naturais utilizados no melhoramento da estabilidade oxidativa do biodiesel . Para a realização da busca de patentes utilizou-se a base da World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) e do European Patent Office (Espacenet). Avaliando o cenário mundial podemos caracterizar a prospecção quanto ao uso de aditivos de origem natural, já que no mercado a utilização de aditivos artificiais já se encontra muito utilizado . Os dados demonstram que a área é promissora no cenário internacional, tendo em vista o número relativamente baixo de pedidos de depósitos dessas tecnologias, além de que os custos de produção são mais baixos em relação aos artificiais

BIOSSORVENTE DO PÓ DO MANDACARU (CEREUS JAMACARU DC) HIDROFOBIZADO PARA REMOÇÃO DE DIESEL EM CASOS DE DERRAMAMENTO

The spill of oil and its derivatives in water and soil has been a challenge in the world for decades due to the high toxicity and mobility of hydrocarbons. One of the most efficient methods to minimize this type of contamination is the use of sorrtion processes. Currently, synthetic sorbents are the most used in oil spillage, due to their excellent oleophilic and hydrophobic properties. However, due to its high costs several researches have been seeking alternative sorbents. Biosorbents have stood out as an alternative method in the removal of organic contaminants, because in addition to being biodegradable, they present high natural availability, low cost, and a good sorption capacity. The aim of this research was to hydrophobe madacaru (Cereus jamacaru DC.) with Carnaúba wax for use as sorbent material in diesel removal in cases of spillage. The material was characterized by FTIR, TG/DTG, DSC, Mev, Wetability/Contact Angle techniques. Hydrophobicization significantly increased the affinity of the oil material with a contact angle with water of 94º; the micrographs and FTIR confirmed that the surfaces of the Mandacaru were covered by carnauba wax, and the sorption results for diesel were satisfactory without reducing the sorption capacity by hydrophobicization (1.65±0.01 g/g).El derrame de petróleo y sus derivados en agua y suelo ha sido un desafío en el mundo durante décadas debido a la alta toxicidad y movilidad de los hidrocarburos. Uno de los métodos más eficientes para minimizar este tipo de contaminación es el uso de procesos de sorción. Actualmente, los sorbentes sintéticos son los más utilizados en el derrame de petróleo, debido a sus excelentes propiedades oleofílicas e hidrofóbicas. Sin embargo, debido a sus altos costos, varias investigaciones han estado buscando sorbentes alternativos. Los biosorbentes han destacado como un método alternativo en la eliminación de contaminantes orgánicos, pues además de ser biodegradables, presentan alta disponibilidad natural, bajo costo, y una buena capacidad de sorción. El objetivo de esta investigación fue hidrofóbico madacaru (Cereus jamacaru DC.) con cera de Carnaúba para su uso como material sorbente en la eliminación de diesel en casos de derrame. El material se caracterizó mediante técnicas FTIR, TG/DTG, DSC, Mev, Wetability/Contact Angle. La hidrofobicización aumentó significativamente la afinidad del material oleoso con un ángulo de contacto con el agua de 94º; las micrografías y el FTIR confirmaron que las superficies del Mandacaru estaban cubiertas por cera de carnauba, y los resultados de sorción para el diesel fueron satisfactorios sin reducir la capacidad de sorción por hidrofobicización (1,65±0,01 g/g).O derramamento de petróleo e seus derivados na água e no solo tem sido um desafio no mundo há décadas, devido à alta toxicidade e mobilidade dos hidrocarbonetos. Um dos métodos mais eficiente para minimizar esse tipo de contaminação é o uso dos processos de sorção. Atualmente, os sorventes sintéticos são os mais utilizados em derramamento de óleos, devido às suas ótimas propriedades oleofílicas e hidrofóbicas. Entretanto, devido seus custos elevados diversas pesquisas vêm buscando sorventes alternativos. Os biosorventes vêm se destacando como método alternativo na remoção de contaminantes orgânicos, pois além de serem biodegradáveis, apresentam alta disponibilidade natural, baixo custo, e uma boa capacidade de sorção. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi hidrofobizar o Madacaru (Cereus jamacaru DC.) com a cera de Carnaúba para uso como material sorvente na remoção de diesel em casos de derramamento. O material foi caracterizado pelas técnicas FTIR, TG/DTG, DSC, MEV, Molhabilidade/Ângulo de contato. A hidrofobização aumentou significativamente a afinidade do material por óleo com um ângulo de contato com a água de 94º; as micrografias e FTIR confirmaram que as superfícies do Mandacaru foram cobertas por cera de carnaúba, e os resultados de sorção para diesel foram satisfatórios sem diminuição da capacidade de sorção pela hidrofobização (1,65±0,01 g/g)

Oswaldo Cruz, Carlos Chagas e Afrânio Peixoto: Sobre o saneamento da Amazônia.

Apenas foram migradas as páginas e/ou folhas que evidenciam a participação e/ou citação a Dra. Gilberta Bensabath.BR IEC GB HOM 004itemItensLivro "Oswaldo Cruz, Carlos Chagas e Afrânio Peixoto: Sobre o saneamento da Amazônia." presenteado por Djalma Batista a Drª. Gilberta Bensabath