La nueva cuestión social en el mundo y en América Latina: más allá de la pobreza

En este artículo se reconstruye la consolidación de los derechos de propiedad intelectual como ley internacional, y se argumenta que los procesos judiciales y políticas estatales para la protección de los derechos de autor observables hoy en día en México son típicos del neoliberalismo global. La guerra contra la piratería proviene de la estructura legal del comercio mundial. No obstante, el resultado imprevisto de la criminalización de la piratería en México ha sido la expansión del conflicto de legitimidad y autoridad política. El autor concluye que el éxito de los grupos de presión internacionales en la defensa de estos derechos dependerá a largo plazo de su capacidad de comprensión de los múltiples niveles de acción, interés y lealtad de los vendedores callejeros y las autoridades que les ordenan legal o extraoficialmente.ITESO, A.C

Drawing the Horton Set in an Integer Grid of Minimum Size

In 1978 Erd\H os asked if every sufficiently large set of points in general position in the plane contains the vertices of a convex $k$-gon, with the additional property that no other point of the set lies in its interior. Shortly after, Horton provided a construction---which is now called the Horton set---with no such $7$-gon. In this paper we show that the Horton set of $n$ points can be realized with integer coordinates of absolute value at most $\frac{1}{2} n^{\frac{1}{2} \log (n/2)}$. We also show that any set of points with integer coordinates combinatorially equivalent (with the same order type) to the Horton set, contains a point with a coordinate of absolute value at least $c \cdot n^{\frac{1}{24}\log (n/2)}$, where $c$ is a positive constant

A new statistical model for subgrid dispersion in large eddy simulations of particle-laden flows

This article is published under a CC BY licence. The Version of Record is available online at: http.//dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/745/3/032115Dispersed multiphase turbulent flows are present in many industrial and commercial applications like internal combustion engines, turbofans, dispersion of contaminants, steam turbines, etc. Therefore, there is a clear interest in the development of models and numerical tools capable of performing detailed and reliable simulations about these kind of flows. Large Eddy Simulations offer good accuracy and reliable results together with reasonable computational requirements, making it a really interesting method to develop numerical tools for particle-laden turbulent flows. Nonetheless, in multiphase dispersed flows additional difficulties arises in LES, since the effect of the unresolved scales of the continuous phase over the dispersed phase is lost due to the filtering procedure. In order to solve this issue a model able to reconstruct the subgrid velocity seen by the particles is required. In this work a new model for the reconstruction of the subgrid scale effects over the dispersed phase is presented and assessed. This innovative methodology is based in the reconstruction of statistics via Probability Density Functions (PDFs).Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

La confrontación de riesgos sociales, políticas públicas y acciones colectivas

Reseña crítica del libro Los Rostros de la Pobreza. El Debate. Tomo V.ITESO, A.C

On the properties of discrete spatial filters for CFD

© 2016. This version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/The spatial filtering of variables in the context of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a common practice. Most of the discrete filters used in CFD simulations are locally accurate models of continuous operators. However, when filters are adaptative, i.e. the filter width is not constant, or meshes are irregular, discrete filters sometimes break relevant global properties of the continuous models they are based on. For example, the principle of maxima and minima reduction or conservation are eventually infringed. In this paper, we analyze the properties of analytic continuous convolution filters and extract those we consider to define filtering. Then, we impose the accomplishment of these properties on explicit discrete filters by means of constraints. Three filters satisfying the derived conditions are deduced and compared to common differential discrete CFD filters on synthetic fields. Tests on the developed discrete filters show the fulfillment of the imposed properties. In particular, the problem of maxima and minima generation is resolved for physically relevant cases. The tests are conducted on the basis of the eigenvectors of graph Laplacian matrices of meshes. Thus, insight into the relations between filtering and oscillation growth on general meshes is provided. Further tests on singularity fields and on isentropic vortices have also been conducted to evaluate the performance of filters on basic CFD fields. Results confirm that imposing the proposed conditions makes discrete filters properties consistent with those of the continuous ones.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Las brechas estructurales de bienestar y la nueva ruralidad en México: diagnóstico comparativo con tres países de América Latina

En este documento se proponen políticas relevantes para contribuir a reducir la pobreza y la desigualdad social y rural en México. Se analizan las brechas estructurales de bienestar persistentes en el país, contrastando el tamaño de su economía con el acceso efectivo a los derechos y al bienestar, con énfasis en las poblaciones rurales y los Pueblos Indígenas. Además, se hace una comparación con tres países con niveles de ingreso por habitante medio-altos: Argentina, Costa Rica y Panamá. En términos estratégicos, el objetivo central de la política social no debe ser solo ampliar la cobertura de los servicios sociales, sino también apuntar a reducir las brechas de calidad en el acceso que caracterizan a esos servicios. Con esta finalidad, además de hacer reformas universalistas al régimen de bienestar mexicano, es necesaria una reforma fiscal que permita contar con los recursos suficientes para hacer de la inversión social una prioridad pública en el futuro inmediato.Resumen .-- Introducción .-- I. Estado del arte y marco teórico: brechas estructurales y nueva ruralidad en América Latina, el Caribe y México .-- II. Marco metodológico .-- III. Brechas de bienestar estructurales en México: comparación con la Argentina, Costa Rica y Panamá .-- IV. Brechas de bienestar estructurales en México, a partir de la perspectiva de la nueva ruralidad .-- V. La nueva ruralidad y las brechas estructurales en el enclave aguacatero michoacano, un estudio de caso .-- VI. Conclusiones

Thermo-mechanical parametric analysis of packed-bed thermocline energy storage tanks

© 2016. This version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/A packed-bed thermocline tank represents a proved cheaper thermal energy storage for concentrated solar power plants compared with the commonly-built two-tank system. However, its implementation has been stopped mainly due to the vessel’s thermal ratcheting concern, which would compromise its structural integrity. In order to have a better understanding of the commercial viability of thermocline approach, regarding energetic effectiveness and structural reliability, a new numerical simulation platform has been developed. The model dynamically solves and couples all the significant components of the subsystem, being able to evaluate its thermal and mechanical response over plant normal operation. The filler material is considered as a cohesionless bulk solid with thermal expansion. For the stresses on the tank wall the general thermoelastic theory is used. First, the numerical model is validated with the Solar One thermocline case, and then a parametric analysis is carried out by settling this storage technology in two real plants with a temperature rise of 100 °C and 275 °C. The numerical results show a better storage performance together with the lowest temperature difference, but both options achieve suitable structural factors of safety with a proper design.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

On the extension of LES methods from incompressible to compressible turbulent flows with application to turbulent channel flow

Published under licence in Journal of Physics: Conference Series by IOP Publishing Ltd. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.The objective of the present work is to validate the compressible Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) models implemented in the in house parallel unstructured CFD code TermoFluids. Our research team has implemented and tested several LES models over the past years for the incompressible regimen. In order to be able to solve complex turbulent compressible flows, the models are revisited and modified if necessary. In addition, the performance of the implemented hybrid advection scheme is an issue of interest for the numerical simulation of turbulent compressible flows. The models are tested in the well known turbulent channel flow problem at different compressible regimens.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version