2,646 research outputs found
Complementary action of chemical and electrical synapses to perception
Acknowledgements This study was possible by partial financial support from the following agencies: Fundação Araucária, EPSRC-EP/I032606/1, CNPq No. 441553/2014-1, CAPES No. 17656-12-5 and Science Without Borders Program— Process Nos. 17656125, 99999.010583/2013-00 and 245377/2012-3.Peer reviewedPostprin
Relations between theory of mind and academic school readiness: the moderating role of child gender
This study investigated the prospective relationship between preschoolers’ theory of mind (ToM) skills and academic school readiness, while exploring the possible moderator role played by child gender. The participants were 75 children who were assessed at two time points: when enrolled in the second preschool year (T1) and again 4 months before school entry (T2). The results showed an association between children's ToM abilities at T1 (but not at T2) and later academic readiness at T2, but only for girls, even after accounting for child IQ and maternal education. These findings support the idea that girls and boys can differ in how they use their ToM abilities in their daily life and highlight the relevance of further exploring gender-specific effects when investigating children's social cognition and school readiness.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Transmission of Information in Active Networks
Shannon's Capacity Theorem is the main concept behind the Theory of
Communication. It says that if the amount of information contained in a signal
is smaller than the channel capacity of a physical media of communication, it
can be transmitted with arbitrarily small probability of error. This theorem is
usually applicable to ideal channels of communication in which the information
to be transmitted does not alter the passive characteristics of the channel
that basically tries to reproduce the source of information. For an {\it active
channel}, a network formed by elements that are dynamical systems (such as
neurons, chaotic or periodic oscillators), it is unclear if such theorem is
applicable, once an active channel can adapt to the input of a signal, altering
its capacity. To shed light into this matter, we show, among other results, how
to calculate the information capacity of an active channel of communication.
Then, we show that the {\it channel capacity} depends on whether the active
channel is self-excitable or not and that, contrary to a current belief,
desynchronization can provide an environment in which large amounts of
information can be transmitted in a channel that is self-excitable. An
interesting case of a self-excitable active channel is a network of
electrically connected Hindmarsh-Rose chaotic neurons.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures. submitted for publication. to appear in Phys.
Rev.
Conjugated linoleic acid improves oocyte cryosurvival through modulation of the cryoprotectants influx rate
Assessing foraging strategies of herbivores in Mediterranean oak woodlands: a review of key issues and selected methodologies.
Montados are agro-silvo-pastoral ecosystems,
typical of the Southwest Iberian Peninsula, of high socio-economic and conservation importance,where grazing is a dominant activity. Montados are characterized by na open tree canopy of Quercus sp. and a diverse undercover of shrubs and grasslands that constitute the plant food resources for grazing animals. Plant food resources of Montados are highly variable, both spatially and seasonally, in quantity and quality. Reliable and easy to use methods to monitor grazing are necessary to allow proper understanding of foraging strategies of grazing animals and to set sustainable grazing management. We describe the main characteristics of the plant food resources available for grazing animals, striking its variability, and revise the potential of using N-alkanes and saliva
General Framework for phase synchronization through localized sets
We present an approach which enables to identify phase synchronization in
coupled chaotic oscillators without having to explicitly measure the phase. We
show that if one defines a typical event in one oscillator and then observes
another one whenever this event occurs, these observations give rise to a
localized set. Our result provides a general and easy way to identify PS, which
can also be used to oscillators that possess multiple time scales. We
illustrate our approach in networks of chemically coupled neurons. We show that
clusters of phase synchronous neurons may emerge before the onset of phase
synchronization in the whole network, producing a suitable environment for
information exchanging. Furthermore, we show the relation between the localized
sets and the amount of information that coupled chaotic oscillator can
exchange
Production and transfer of energy and information in Hamiltonian systems
We present novel results that relate energy and information transfer with sensitivity to initial conditions in chaotic multi-dimensional Hamiltonian systems. We show the relation among Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, Lyapunov exponents, and upper bounds for the Mutual Information Rate calculated in the Hamiltonian phase space and on bi-dimensional subspaces. Our main result is that the net amount of transfer from kinetic to potential energy per unit of time is a power-law of the upper bound for the Mutual Information Rate between kinetic and potential energies, and also a power-law of the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy. Therefore, transfer of energy is related with both transfer and production of information. However, the power-law nature of this relation means that a small increment of energy transferred leads to a relatively much larger increase of the information exchanged. Then, we propose an ?experimental? implementation of a 1-dimensional communication channel based on a Hamiltonian system, and calculate the actual rate with which information is exchanged between the first and last particle of the channel. Finally, a relation between our results and important quantities of thermodynamics is presented
Structural connectivity modifications in the brain of selected patients with tumour after its removal by surgery (a case study)
Acknowledgments This study was possible by partial financial support from the following agencies: Funda¸c˜ao Arauc´aria, Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), and Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES). S˜ao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP 2018/03211-6, 2022/13761-9). We thank 105 Group Science (www.105groupscience.com).Peer reviewe
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