BIM Approach in Construction Safety-A Case Study on Preventing Falls from Height

The construction industry has one of the highest occupational accident incidence rates among all economic sectors. Currently, building information modelling (BIM) appears to be a valuable tool for analysing occupational safety issues throughout the construction life cycle of projects, helping to avoid hazards and risks and, consequently, increasing safety. This work investigates BIM methodology and the application of related technologies for building safety planning and demonstrates the potential of this technology for the integrated implementation of safety measures during the design phase and construction site management. The first step consisted of a literature review on applying BIM-related technologies for safety in the design and planning phases. Following this, to show the potentialities of construction simulation, a case study based on BIM 4D to prevent falls from height was developed. With BIM 4D, it is possible to follow the construction process over time, giving the construction safety technicians, designers, supervisors and managers the capability to analyse, in each phase, the potential risks and identify which safety measures should be implemented. BIM can effectively integrate safety measures from the design phase to the construction and use phase and enable integrated safety planning within construction planning, leading to reliable safety management throughout the construction process

Spatial and temporal distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates in a Southeastern Brazilian river.

A fauna de macroinvertebrados bentônicos é estruturada por fatores físicos e químicos que determinam os microhábitats, incluindo a disponibilidade de alimento, a existência de refúgios contra predadores e tempestades, o sucesso reprodutivo e outros parâmetros biológicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a distribuição espaço-temporal da comunidade de macroinvertebrados bentônicos na bacia do Rio Macaé, estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. De acordo com o Habitat Assessment Field Data Sheet High Gradient Streams (Barbour et al., 1999), os cinco locais coletados são considerados como referência para propósito de biomonitoramento. Apesar das diferenças em parâmetros hidrográficos (largura, profundidade e vazão médias), os parâmetros físico-químicos e a composição dos grupos de alimentação funcional foram similares entre os locais, com exceção da área mais preservada, onde a porcentagem de organismos cortadores foi maior. De acordo com a análise de correspondência, há uma clara distinção entre áreas de remanso e de correnteza. De fato, o substrato folhiço de correnteza apresentou a fauna mais rica e abundante, enquanto o substrato folhiço de fundo apresentou o maior número de táxons exclusivos. A análise de agrupamento considerando os dados dos locais de coleta indicou que a variação temporal foi o fator mais importante na estruturação das comunidades nos hábitats estudados

Mutual information rate and bounds for it

The amount of information exchanged per unit of time between two nodes in a dynamical network or between two data sets is a powerful concept for analysing complex systems. This quantity, known as the mutual information rate (MIR), is calculated from the mutual information, which is rigorously defined only for random systems. Moreover, the definition of mutual information is based on probabilities of significant events. This work offers a simple alternative way to calculate the MIR in dynamical (deterministic) networks or between two data sets (not fully deterministic), and to calculate its upper and lower bounds without having to calculate probabilities, but rather in terms of well known and well defined quantities in dynamical systems. As possible applications of our bounds, we study the relationship between synchronisation and the exchange of information in a system of two coupled maps and in experimental networks of coupled oscillators

Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Case Report

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection exists in a large proportion of patients undergoing renal transplantation. Nowadays it is not considered to be an absolute contraindication to transplantation; however, it is associated with an increased risk for the patient and accounts for a shorter half-life of the renal allograft. We present three transplant recipients who displayed serious hepatic dysfunction after renal transplantation due to an HCV infection. In two of these cases, the liver biopsies established the diagnosis of FCH. In the third case, the liver biopsy was compatible with the early stages of FCH. All patients were started on peg-interferon alfa 2-b and ribavirin with subsequent normalization of hepatic function and early complete viral responses

Comparative studies on energy efficiency and GHG emissions between conventional and organic olive groves in Greece and Portugal

Nowadays, traditional farming based on achieving high yields using high inputs, shifts gradu-ally towards maximum possible crop yield using minimal inputs in an optimized way or to-wards organic farming. This is usually accomplishing by low yield of high quality products without using conventional agrochemicals (i.e. fertilizers, pesticides). In general, this last ap-proach leads to lower energy consumption per unit area of land, therefore lower cost and reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, in a global perspective it has the risk of significant total production reduction. Hence, it is vital to consider energy efficiency im-provement, namely the decrease of primary energy consumption for the production of a unit of agricultural product (expressed in weight or volume units), within the farm boundaries. Im-provement of energy efficiency is a key parameter affecting positively the overall efficiency of crop farming systems in terms of energy and GHG emissions. In the present paper, two show cases of olive groves in Greece (“Sterea Ellada” region) and Portugal (“Alentejo” re-gion) were compared to illustrate the effect on energy efficiency and GHG emissions when moving from conventional to organic olive grove cultivations in these different locations. The analysis was based on two simple framework models using information provided by farmers and literature data regarding the inputs and outputs of each olive grove. The models were adjusted according to the olives’ variety, the agricultural practices followed and the location of the production system. Considering the specific energy consumption per unit of product, in the case of the Greek olive grove, organic farming reduces energy consumption by 13.9%, while the final yield is reduced by 30%. GHG emissions are reduced by 58%. In the case of the Portuguese olive grove, organic farming significantly reduces crop yield (54.5%), while, energy efficiency is improved by 9.7% and GHG emissions are reduced by 26%

Self interacting Brans Dicke cosmology and Quintessence

Recent cosmological observations reveal that we are living in a flat accelerated expanding universe. In this work we have investigated the nature of the potential compatible with the power law expansion of the universe in a self interacting Brans Dicke cosmology with a perfect fluid background and have analyzed whether this potential supports the accelerated expansion. It is found that positive power law potential is relevant in this scenario and can drive accelerated expansion for negative Brans Dicke coupling parameter $\omega$. The evolution of the density perturbation is also analyzed in this scenerio and is seen that the model allows growing modes for negative $\omega$.Comment: 8pages, 5 figures, PRD style, some changes are made, figures added, reference added. To be published in Int. J. Mod. Phys.

Resiliently evolving supply-demand networks

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Influence of water chemistry and environmental degradation on macroinvertebrate assemblages in a river basis in south-east Brazil.

Seven sites of the Guapimirim river basin were studied during three sampling periods based on the rain regime: end of wet season (May 1998), dry season (August 1998), and wet season (January 1999). Four substrates were collected at each site: sand, stony substrates, litter in pool areas and litter in riffle areas. Relationships between macroinvertebrate assemblages, water chemistry variables and environmental degradation were examined using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). According to CCA, concentrations of dissolved oxygen and chloride, and the environmental degradation, measured by the Riparian Channel Environment index, exhibited the strongest relationship to macroinvertebrate assemblages. Overall, the loss of community diversity measured by the Shannon Index along the degradation gradient was observed. Some taxa were shown to be sensitive to water pollution, especially among Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Coleoptera and some Ephemeroptera, while others such as Simuliidae, Odonata and molluscs were tolerant to moderate levels of pollutants. The Chironomidae were the only group tolerant to a high level of pollutants and degradation

A comparative life cycle assessment of ETICS and ventilated façade systems with timber cladding

Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The AuthorsThe aim of this work is to evaluate the environmental impact of different solutions for building facade retrofitting. Based on Sustainable Construction, this study is carried out by applying the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology based on ISO 14044:2006 standard requirements. A “cradle-to-grave” life cycle analysis is developed for each solution, comprising the extraction of raw materials to the disposal phase, and then a comparative analysis was performed by considering the same functional unit: 1 m2 of building facade for a 40-year time horizon. Four retrofit solutions are assessed: two External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS), differing only in the insulation material, expanded polystyrene (EPS), and insulation corkboard (ICB); and two ventilated facade systems with different types of timber cladding, thermally modified timber, and painted timber. The data included in the inventory phase is mostly taken from technical documentation and from the Ecoinvent database, complemented with scientific literature and estimations when necessary. The LCA was performed using the SimaPro software applying both EPD (2018) and ReCiPe 2016 Endpoint (H) methods. Results of this study show that, phase-wise, the production and maintenance of the components materials have higher contribution in terms of environmental impact. On the other hand, by comparing the various solutions, the ventilated facade retrofit solution with heat treated timber cladding is the one that shows the highest environmental impact in almost every single category, whereas the cladding solution with painted timber finish is the one that shows the best environmental performance.publishersversionpublishe