ANTIOXIDANT AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF ABELMOSCHUS MANIHOT L. MEDIK LEAF FRACTION AGAINST CCL4-INDUCED LIVER DAMAGE IN RATS

Objective: The objective of this research was to determine the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of Abelmoschus manihot L. Medik (AMLM) leaves in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats (Rattus norvegicus). Methods: Samples of dried leaf were macerated using 96% ethanol solvent to obtain a viscous extract. Fractionation was then performed using ethyl acetate and n-butanol solvent. The antioxidant activity test of each fraction was done by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay. For the hepatoprotective activity test, the fractions were suspended in Tween 20 0.4% solution with concentrations of 10 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL. Rats were divided into 6 treatment groups consisting of five rats/group. Group I (positive control) was given an oral suspension of Curcuma® tablet, Group II (negative control) was given Tween 20 0.4% solution, and Groups III and IV (ethyl acetate fraction) and V and VI (n-butanol fraction) were given fraction suspension. On the 1st–7th days, all groups were given the solution treatment, and on the 8th day, all groups were injected with CCl4 intraperitoneally and the treatment was continued until the 11th day. On the 12th day, the blood of rats was taken and then measured the serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). Results: The results of the antioxidant test showed that ethyl acetate and n-butanol fraction, respectively, had IC50 of 89.99 and 114.56 ppm.Measurement of SGOT showed the result for Groups I–VI, respectively, of 160±63.62, 260.53±18.98, 154.16±52.78, 177.43±13.70, 120.07±34.80, and 105.23±40.49 IU/L. Measurement of SGPT showed the result for Groups I–VI, respectively, of 101.87±29.24, 108.1±9.04, 57.73±49.05, 106.07±26.45, 66.9±20.05, and 146.63±84.89 UI/L. Conclusion: The results of this research indicated that the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fraction of AMLM leaves have the antioxidant andhepatoprotective activity

PENGARUH DOSIS INFUS RIMPANG TEMULAWAK (Curcuma xanthorrhiza ROXB ) TERHADAP EFEK ANTIINFLAMASI PADA MENCIT (Mus musculus L).

Kasus inflamasi pada usia di atas 18 tahun diperkirakan 0,1% sampai 0,3 % dari jumlah penduduk mengalami inflamasi, dan untuk anak dan remaja di bawah 18 tahun sekitar 1 banding 100.000. Walaupun jumlah kasus inflamasi sangat rendah yang terjadi di masyarakat, Penyakit ini paling sering menyebabkan kesakitan dan kecacatan. pengobatan secara tradisional dengan menggunakan rimpang temulawak yang memiliki zat warna curcumin, yang tanaman ini mudah di dapatkan dan diolah serta dijadikan obat inflamasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efek antiinflamasi infus rimpang temulawak pada mencit, mengetahui onset dari infus rimpang temulawak sebagai antiinflamasi pada mencit dan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh dosis infus rimpang temulawak 1x, 10x dan 100x dosis lazim manusia terhadap efek antiinflamasi pada mencit. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimen laboratorium dengan design post test with control group. Sampel penelitian adalah rimpang temulawak, rimpang temulawak dibuat dalam infus. Infus rimpang temulawak dibuat 1x dosis lazim manusia, 10x dosis lazim manusia dan 100x dosis lazim manusia. Kemudian diujikan pada mencit yang setiap perlakuan dikelompokan 5 mencit, yang sebelumnya telapak kaki mencit diinduksi dengan formalin sehingga terjadi peradangan. Dan kemudiaan di amati dan di ukur serta dianalisis. Hasil pengujian diolah dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan program statistik komputer versi SPSS 13 melalui uji one way anova. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa infus rimpang temulawak memiliki efek antiinflamasi pada mencit dan dapat dilihat dengan nilai signifikasi < 0.05 sehingga dapat disimpulkan ada pengaruh dosis infus rimpang temulawak 1x, 10x dan 100x dosis lazim manusia terhadap efek antiinflamasi pada mencit

Pembuatan Salep Anti Jerawat Dari Ekstrak Rimpang Temulawak (Curcuma Xanthorrhiza Roxb.)

Temulawak merupakan salah satu tanaman yang berkhasiat untuk mengobati jerawat. Salah satu faktor pemicu timbulnya jerawat adalah produksi minyak yang berlebih pada kulit wajah. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan sediaan yang tidak mengandung bahan dasar yang berlemak yang bisa memicu produksi minyak berlebih pada wajah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat suatu sediaan salep anti jerawat dari ekstrak rimpang temulawak yang memenuhi syarat pengujian sediaan salep. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif yang dilakukan di laboratorium. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rimpang temulawak. Rimpang temulawak dibuat menjadi ekstrak kental menggunakan metode maserasi. Hasil ekstrak kental yang diperoleh dibuat menjadi salep, dengan basis salep larut air yang terdiri dari 40% PEG 4000 dan 60% PEG 400 serta nipagin sebagai pengawet. Salep kemudian melewati beberapa uji diantaranya uji organoleptik, uji homogenitas, uji pH, uji daya sebar, uji kemampuan proteksi, uji daya serap, uji daya lekat dan uji ukuran partikel. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ekstrak rimpang temulawak dapat dibuat menjadi sediaan salep yang memenuhi persyaratan pengujian sediaan salep

FORMULASI dan PENGUJIAN SALEP EKSTRAK BONGGOL PISANG AMBON (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum (L.)) TERHADAP LUKA TERBUKA PADA KULIT TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus)

Ambon banana weevil contains medicinal properties that are useful in the process ofwound healing. The purpose of this study is to formulate an ointment of Ambon banana(Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum) weevil extract and to test the ointment to heal open woundon the skin of male rat (Rattus norvegicus). This study is experimental descriptive in thelaboratory. Ambon banana weevil extracts used in the manufacture of ointment formulation.The number of tested animals used was 18, with 6 treatment groups, ie injuries withoutointment application, negative control, positive control, banana weevil ointment 10%, bananaweevil ointment 15%, and the banana weevil ointment 20%. All mice were injured with a8wound of 1.5 cm long. The wounds were applied with ointment three times daily. Observationwas conducted everyday from day 0 to day 8. All data was tested statistically using ANOVA(Analysis of Variant) followed bay LSD (Least Significant Difference) test. Qualitative datawere presented descriptively. The results showed that the banana weevil formulation meetsthe ointment test requirement according to Famakope Indonesia Edition III, i.e wounds werenarrowed, scabs were formed, and then wounds were closed. Statistical tests showed thatthere were significant effects on wound healing in white male rats, ie 4.004 > 2.45. Based onthe results of the study it can be concluded that the preparation of an ointment made frombanana weevil met the requirement, and concentration of 10%, 15%, and 20% gave effect tothe healing of open wounds on the skin of white male rats.Keywords: ointment, extract, Ambon banana weevil, wound healing, white male rats

PREPARASI NANOPARTIKEL KURKUMIN MENGGUNAKAN KITOSAN RANTAI SEDANG DAN UJI CELLULAR UPTAKE PADA KULTUR SEL T47D SECARA IN VITRO

Curcumin has various of biological activities with broad spectrum, but it has low solubility in water resulting in low systemic bioavailability. This study aims to formulate curcumin nanoparticles with medium-chain chitosan as a carrier which is known to be stable, safe and able to enter the cells. Preparation of curcumin-chitosan nanoparticles prepared by ionic gelation method in an acetate buffer pH 4 and 5. Characterization was due to measure the particle size and zeta potential, morphology of nanoparticle and to determined its entrapment efficiency. The nanoparticle stability is determined by measuring the free curcumin released in artificial intestinal fluid (AIF). The toxicity determined by MTT method with Vero cells as the cell culture model. The cellular uptake on T47D cells was observed using a fluorescent microscope. The nanocurcumin prepared in acetate buffer pH 4 have an average diameter of 563.77 nm with a zeta potential (+) 23 mV, the entrapment efficiency is 70.25 to 90.02% and the stability in the AIF is 83,61 % to 85,36 %. MTT test showed that nanocurcumin is not toxic to the Vero cell with viability > 80 % , and observation by fluorescence microscopy showed that nanocurcumin is able to enter the cell. Based on the results, it is concluded that nanoparticle formulations of curcumin with medium-chain chitosan as a carrier is safe, stable and is able to enter the cell

Anticancer activities of sewewanua leaf extracts (Clerodendrum fragrans (Vent.) Wild) againts A549 lung cancer cell

Cancer is one of the leading causes of non-communicable diseases in the world. In 2015, about 8.8 million cancer deaths worldwide and lung cancer was the most common type of cancer and the highest cause of death. Therapy for lung cancer can be either conventional therapy or molecular targeted therapy still has many limitations. It is therefore important to explore new sources of anticancer activity, including those from plants. One plant that is thought to have anticancer activity is Sesewanua (Clerodendrum fragrans [Vent.] Willd. Syn. Clerodendrum chinense [Osbeck] Mabb. Family Lamiaceae). This research is a laboratory experiment. The sample used is the C. fragrans leaves obtained in Malalayang I Timur Village, Malalayang District, Manado City, North Sulawesi Province, while the subjects in this study were A549 lung cancer cells from Cell-Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung. Anticancer activity test was using the MTT Tetrazolium Assay Method. Data in the form of a percentage (%) inhibition of cell proliferation, then determined the value the concentration of 50% proliferation inhibition (IC50) using a computer program online

FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SELF NANO-EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM (SNEDDS) FRACTION OF N-HEXANE: ETHYL ACETATE FROM SESEWANUA LEAF (CLERODENDRUM FRAGRANS WILD.)

Objective: Sesewanua leaves contain alkaloid compounds as antioxidants, and its leaves can be used to formulate  SNEDDS dosage forms, which can effectively deliver the medicine. This study intended to determine the variation of surfactant concentration (Tween 80) and cosurfactant (PEG 400) towards pH, viscosity, nano-emulsion duration and characterization using PSA method (particle size and polydispersity index). Methods: This study employed quasi-experimental method and the independent variables in this study were variations in the concentration of surfactant (Tween 80) and cosurfactant (PEG 400), which consist of 3 formulas, such as SFS 1 (6:3), SFS 2 (7:2), and SFS 3 (8:1). The dependent variables in this study including pH, viscosity, nano-emulsion time, particle size and polydispersity index which utilized  One Way Anova Post Hoc LSD (p&gt;0.05) and Tamhane (p&lt;0.05) tests as the data analysis. Results: The pH test SFS1-SFS3 has a pH value of 7.92, 8.30 and 8.35, followed by  Viscosity test SFS1-SFS3 which has a viscosity value of 1.00 cP, 1.38 cP and 2.91 cP.  Further, SFS1-SFS3 nano emulsified time test had nano emulsified time in gastric and intestinal fluids 35.18s &amp; 43.96s, 43.54s &amp; 47.13s and 44.00s &amp; 50.29s. Characterization of SFS1-SFS3 particle size in gastric and intestinal fluids 23.9nm &amp; 23.0nm, 18.5nm &amp; 22.7nm and 19.1nm &amp; 22.9nm, while characterization of SFS1-SFS3 polydispersity index in gastric and intestinal fluids were 0.433 &amp; 0.348, 0.451 &amp; 0.440 and 0.568 &amp; 0.462. Conclusion: The increase of variations in surfactant concentration and decreased cosurfactant significantly affected pH, viscosity, nano-emulsion time, and particle size of SFS preparations. However, the polydispersity index was not considerably affected