Factors Affecting the Structural Features of Dairy Farming Organizations in Yalova: Determining the Breeding Activities

This research has been performed to determine dairy farms’ breeders’ social conditions, presence of animals, care, milk production, happiness with animal farming, problems and situation of being organized in Yalova. The data that obtained from 324 randomly chosen dairy farms around the city by the means of the survey comprised the material of research. The obtained data has been analyzed in SPSS package program by taking animal numbers, age and educational background of breeders as factors affecting the structural condition of farm. In the analysis of race distribution it was determined that breeders having primary education preferred to use crossbred animals, whereas breeders having secondary, high school and higher education tended to use culture breeds. For determining the heat in animals, breeders who have primary school education take bellowing and mounting of animals into consideration. All breeders at any education level considered the 15-18 months of age as age at fist insemination for heifers. As the age of breeders increased, contrary to education level, the ratio for 15-18 month age criterion decreased. In the farms producing less than 10 kg milk the ratio of farmers having primary school education is 68.9%. This ratio is 8.5% for high school and higher graduates. 61.2% of breeders who have middle school education level obtain 11-20 kg milk yield in their farms. While 48.6% of breeders who have less than 5 animals obtain 10 kg milk yield, as the number of animals rises, this rate declined to 23.1%. In the farms having less than 5 animals the proportion of obtaining 10-21 kg milk yield is 48.4%. As the animals numbers increased this proportion increased up to 63.5%

Factors Affecting the Structural Features of Dairy Farming Organizations in Yalova: The Habits of Feeding and Nutrition

This research has been conducted in order to determine the habits of feed and nutrition in dairy farming organizations, and how the education level of farmers and the number of animals affected these habits. The data that obtained from 324 randomly chosen dairy farms around the city by the means of the survey comprised the material of research. Crosstabb analysis was applied to the obtained data using SPSS 20.0 package program. The most commonly used roughage combination in organizations was knotgrass and straw. It has been founded that the rate of using the this combination was 50% in primary education level, 27.2% in secondary education level and 35.1% in high school and higher education level. The ratio of breeders who have less animals using this combination was 50%. The rate declined to 25.5% with the increase in the number of animals. The number of animals affected the roughage combination considerably (P<0.01).Concentrate usage changed according to the education level. The ratio of using 4-6 kg concentrate was 48.5% in organizations with primary education level. This declined to 43.8% in secondary education level, and 38.9% in high school and higher education levels. So, there was a reverse relation in 7-9 kg feed usage: as education level increases the rate of using concentrate increases. The feed crop production in organizations has been affected by the number of animals considerably. While the rate of feed crop production was 44.9% in organizations which have less than five animals, this rate increased up to 74.5% with the rise in the number of animals. The education level of breeders (P<0.05) and the number of animals (P<0.01) affected the use of silage in organizations substantially

2015 YILI REYTİNG LİSTESİ PROGRAM ANALİZİ

Yeni iletişim teknolojilerinin gelişmesi doğrultusunda geleneksel medyanın etkisi ve rolü herne kadar tartışmalı gözükmekteyse de televizyon; ticari iletişim gelirleri, kamuoyu oluşturma becerisive kitlelere ulaşabilme gücü sayesinde günümüz Türkiye’sinde en gözde kitle iletişim aracı olarak öneçıkmaktadır. Bu sebeple televizyon kuruluşlarının yapısı ve sahipliği, televizyonlarda üretilen içerik,televizyonlarda üretilen içeriğin kitleler tarafından kabulü ve beğenilmesi hem özel sektör kuruluşlarıhem sivil toplum kuruluşları hem de devlet tarafından yakından takip edilmektedir.Televizyondaki içeriğin seyredilme durumunu bir veri halinde sunabilen en temel araç reytingsistemidir. Reyting sistemi, televizyon kanallarında zaman ve program temelli olarak ölçümlemeyapan ve hangi televizyon kanalını hangi sosyo-ekonomik statüdeki kişinin seyrettiğini belirlemeyeyarayan sistemin adıdır. Bu yolla özel sektör kuruluşları hedef kitlelerine ulaşma adına ticari iletişimplanlaması yapmakta ve harcamalar bu sistemdeki izlenme oranlarına göre gerçekleştirilmektedir. Biranlamda pazar fiyatını belirleyen unsur reyting ölçümleridir.Ayrıca reyting ölçümleri; izleyicinin ilgisini çeken televizyon programlarının türü, içeriği vehitap ettiği kitle konusunda içtimai, sosyolojik, ekonomik değerlendirme yapabilmeye imkântanımaktadır. Bu bağlamda televizyon kanallarındaki programlar ve bazı yapım türleri son yıllardakamuoyunda sıklıkla tartışılmakta ve gündemi meşgul etmektedir. Televizyon dizileri, kuşakprogramları, izdivaç yapımları alan özelinde ön plana çıkan program türleridir denilebilir.Tüm bu çerçevede 2015 yılında TİAK A.Ş. tarafından tam zamanlı ölçümü yapılan televiyonkanalları reyting listesi incelenmiş, bu listeden yararlanılarak toplam oranlarda ilk yirmi beş’e (25)giren programlar türlerine göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Sonuçta elde edilen anlamlı veriler yorumlanarak2015 yılı popüler program türleri tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan sınıflandırma, Radyo ve Televizyon ÜstKurulu’nun ‘‘Yayınlarda Program Türleri Kod, Taknım ve Sınıflandırmaları’’ adlı kitapçığındabelirlenen program türlerinin sınıflandırılması paralelinde gerçekleştirilmiştir.Yeni iletişim teknolojilerinin gelişmesi doğrultusunda geleneksel medyanın etkisi ve rolü herne kadar tartışmalı gözükmekteyse de televizyon; ticari iletişim gelirleri, kamuoyu oluşturma becerisive kitlelere ulaşabilme gücü sayesinde günümüz Türkiye’sinde en gözde kitle iletişim aracı olarak öneçıkmaktadır. Bu sebeple televizyon kuruluşlarının yapısı ve sahipliği, televizyonlarda üretilen içerik,televizyonlarda üretilen içeriğin kitleler tarafından kabulü ve beğenilmesi hem özel sektör kuruluşlarıhem sivil toplum kuruluşları hem de devlet tarafından yakından takip edilmektedir.Televizyondaki içeriğin seyredilme durumunu bir veri halinde sunabilen en temel araç reytingsistemidir. Reyting sistemi, televizyon kanallarında zaman ve program temelli olarak ölçümlemeyapan ve hangi televizyon kanalını hangi sosyo-ekonomik statüdeki kişinin seyrettiğini belirlemeyeyarayan sistemin adıdır. Bu yolla özel sektör kuruluşları hedef kitlelerine ulaşma adına ticari iletişimplanlaması yapmakta ve harcamalar bu sistemdeki izlenme oranlarına göre gerçekleştirilmektedir. Biranlamda pazar fiyatını belirleyen unsur reyting ölçümleridir.Ayrıca reyting ölçümleri; izleyicinin ilgisini çeken televizyon programlarının türü, içeriği vehitap ettiği kitle konusunda içtimai, sosyolojik, ekonomik değerlendirme yapabilmeye imkântanımaktadır. Bu bağlamda televizyon kanallarındaki programlar ve bazı yapım türleri son yıllardakamuoyunda sıklıkla tartışılmakta ve gündemi meşgul etmektedir. Televizyon dizileri, kuşakprogramları, izdivaç yapımları alan özelinde ön plana çıkan program türleridir denilebilir.Tüm bu çerçevede 2015 yılında TİAK A.Ş. tarafından tam zamanlı ölçümü yapılan televiyonkanalları reyting listesi incelenmiş, bu listeden yararlanılarak toplam oranlarda ilk yirmi beş’e (25)giren programlar türlerine göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Sonuçta elde edilen anlamlı veriler yorumlanarak2015 yılı popüler program türleri tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan sınıflandırma, Radyo ve Televizyon ÜstKurulu’nun ‘‘Yayınlarda Program Türleri Kod, Taknım ve Sınıflandırmaları’’ adlı kitapçığındabelirlenen program türlerinin sınıflandırılması paralelinde gerçekleştirilmiştir

Spectroscopic, electrochemical and X-ray crystallographic properties of a novel palladium(II) complex of thioamide deprotonated di-2-pyridyl ketone thiosemicarbazone (dpktsc-H)⁻

<p>The reaction between di-2-pyridyl ketone thiosemicarbazone (dpktsc) and PdCl₂(CH₃CN)₂, generated <i>in situ</i> from the reaction between PdCl₂ and CH₃CN, gave the unprecedented [Pd₂Cl₃(κ⁵-N_py,N_im,S,N_py,N_am-dpktsc-H)]·2CH₃CN (<b>1</b>) complex (py = pyridine, im = imine and am = amide). The identity of <b>1</b> was confirmed via its elemental analysis and spectroscopic properties. Infrared and ¹H-NMR spectra confirmed the coordination of (dpktsc-H)⁻ to the palladium ions. The electronic absorption spectra measured in dmso and dmf and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT), d–d and intra-ligand charge-transfer (ILCT) electronic transitions. X-ray structural analysis on a crystal of [Pd₂Cl₃(κ⁵-N_py,N_im,S,N_py,N_am-dpktsc-H)]·H₂O (<b>2</b>) grown from dmf solution of <b>1</b> confirmed its formulation and showed the solid-state structure contains a web of molecules locked via a network of non-covalent interactions. Electrochemical measurements on <b>1</b> in dmf revealed metal- and ligand-based redox processes. In contrast to the electrochemical decomposition of uncoordinated dpktsc, coordinated (dpktsc-H)⁻ in <b>1</b> does not undergo electrochemical decomposition. Electrochemical titrations of <b>1</b> with <i>p</i>-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (<i>p</i>-TSOH) revealed electro-catalytic proton reduction. Over-potential (<i>η</i>) of 180 mV for the H₂ evolution was observed and is comparable to several molecular electro-catalysts for proton reduction. Controlled-potential electrolysis confirmed the electro-catalytic proton reduction by the Pd-complex. Electrochemical reactions of CO₂ in the presence of <b>1</b> exhibited a proton dependence, and metal- and ligand-based electrochemical reaction.</p

Evaluation of abdominal computed tomography findings in patients with COVID-19: a multicenter study

PURPOSE To evaluate the frequency of abdominal computed tomography (CT) findings in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and interrogate the relationship between abdominal CT findings and patient demographic features, clinical findings, and laboratory test results as well as the CT atherosclerosis score in the abdominal aorta. METHODS This study was designed as a multicenter retrospective study. The abdominal CT findings of 1.181 patients with positive abdominal symptoms from 26 tertiary medical centers with a positive polymerase chain-reaction test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 were reviewed. The frequency of ischemic and non-ischemic CT findings as well as the association between CT findings, clinical features, and abdominal aortic calcific atherosclerosis score (AA-CAS) were recorded. RESULTS Ischemic and non-ischemic abdominal CT findings were detected in 240 (20.3%) and 328 (27.7%) patients, respectively. In 147 patients (12.4%), intra-abdominal malignancy was present. The most frequent ischemic abdominal CT findings were bowel wall thickening (n = 120; 10.2%) and perivascular infiltration (n = 40; 3.4%). As for non-ischemic findings, colitis (n = 91; 7.7%) and small bowel inflammation (n = 73; 6.2%) constituted the most frequent disease processes. The duration of hospital stay was found to be higher in patients with abdominal CT findings than in patients without any positive findings (13.8 ± 13 vs. 10.4 ± 12.8 days, P < 0.001). The frequency of abdominal CT findings was significantly higher in patients who did not survive the infection than in patients who were discharged after recovery (41.7% vs. 27.4%, P < 0.001). Increased AA-CAS was found to be associated with a higher risk of ischemic conditions in abdominal CT examinations. CONCLUSION Abdominal symptoms in patients with COVID-19 are usually associated with positive CT findings. The presence of ischemic findings on CT correlates with poor COVID-19 outcomes. A high AA-CAS is associated with abdominal ischemic findings in patients with COVID-19

Performance of Repeated Measures of (1–3)-β-D-Glucan, Mannan Antigen, and Antimannan Antibodies for the Diagnosis of Invasive Candidiasis in ICU Patients: A Preplanned Ancillary Analysis of the EMPIRICUS Randomized Clinical Trial

International audienceBackground. We aimed to assess the prognostic value of repeated measurements of serum (1-3)-β-D-glucan (BDG), mannanantigen (mannan-Ag), and antimannan antibodies (antimannan-Ab) for the occurrence of invasive candidiasis (IC) in a high-risk nonimmunocompromised population. Methods. This was a preplanned ancillary analysis of the EMPIRICUS Randomized Clinical Trial, including nonimmunocompromised critically ill patients with intensive care unit-acquired sepsis, multiple Candida colonization, and multiple organ failure who were exposed to broad-spectrum antibacterial agents. BDG (>80 and >250 pg/mL), mannan-Ag (>125 pg/ mL), and antimannan-Ab (>10 AU) were collected repeatedly. We used cause-specific hazard models. Biomarkers were assessed at baseline in the whole cohort (cohort 1). Baseline covariates and/or repeated measurements and/or increased biomarkers were then studied in the subgroup of patients who were still alive at day 3 and free of IC (cohort 2). Results. Two hundred thirty-four patients were included, and 215 were still alive and free of IC at day 3. IC developed in 27 patients (11.5%), and day 28 mortality was 29.1%. Finally, BDG >80 pg/mL at inclusion was associated with an increased risk of IC (CSHR[IC], 4.67; 95% CI, 1.61-13.5) but not death (CSHR[death], 1.20; 95% CI, 0.71-2.02). Conclusions. Among high-risk patients, a first measurement of BDG >80 pg/mL was strongly associated with the occurrence of IC. Neither a cutoff of 250 pg/mL nor repeated measurements of fungal biomarkers seemed to be useful to predict the occurrence of IC. The cumulative risk of IC in the placebo group if BDG >80 pg/mL was 25.39%, which calls into question the efficacy of empirical therapy in this subgroup

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium report, data summary of 50 countries for 2010-2015: Device-associated module

•We report INICC device-associated module data of 50 countries from 2010-2015.•We collected prospective data from 861,284 patients in 703 ICUs for 3,506,562 days.•DA-HAI rates and bacterial resistance were higher in the INICC ICUs than in CDC-NHSN's.•Device utilization ratio in the INICC ICUs was similar to CDC-NHSN's. Background: We report the results of International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2010-December 2015 in 703 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Europe, Eastern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and Western Pacific. Methods: During the 6-year study period, using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Healthcare Safety Network (CDC-NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 861,284 patients hospitalized in INICC hospital ICUs for an aggregate of 3,506,562 days. Results: Although device use in INICC ICUs was similar to that reported from CDC-NHSN ICUs, DA-HAI rates were higher in the INICC ICUs: in the INICC medical-surgical ICUs, the pooled rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection, 4.1 per 1,000 central line-days, was nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.8 per 1,000 central line-days reported from comparable US ICUs, the overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher, 13.1 versus 0.9 per 1,000 ventilator-days, as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection, 5.07 versus 1.7 per 1,000 catheter-days. From blood cultures samples, frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (29.87% vs 10%) and to imipenem (44.3% vs 26.1%), and of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (73.2% vs 28.8%) and to imipenem (43.27% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC ICUs compared with CDC-NHSN ICUs. Conclusions: Although DA-HAIs in INICC ICU patients continue to be higher than the rates reported in CDC-NSHN ICUs representing the developed world, we have observed a significant trend toward the reduction of DA-HAI rates in INICC ICUs as shown in each international report. It is INICC's main goal to continue facilitating education, training, and basic and cost-effective tools and resources, such as standardized forms and an online platform, to tackle this problem effectively and systematically