Allan Sandage and the Cosmic Expansion

This is an account of Allan Sandage's work on (1) The character of the expansion field. For many years he has been the strongest defender of an expanding Universe. He later explained the CMB dipole by a local velocity of 220 +/- 50 km/s toward the Virgo cluster and by a bulk motion of the Local supercluster (extending out to ~3500 km/s) of 450-500 km/s toward an apex at l=275, b=12. Allowing for these streaming velocities he found linear expansion to hold down to local scales (~300 km/s). (2) The calibration of the Hubble constant. Probing different methods he finally adopted - from Cepheid-calibrated SNe Ia and from independent RR Lyr-calibrated TRGBs - H_0 = 62.3 +/- 1.3 +/- 5.0 km/s/Mpc.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures, 1 table, Submitted to Astrophysics and Space Science, Special Issue on the Fundamental Cosmic Distance Scale in the Gaia Er

Track E Implementation Science, Health Systems and Economics

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138412/1/jia218443.pd

L'économie du sport

Sport mondialisé, sport marchandisé. Le poids économique du sport. L'organisation économique du sport professionnel : le modèle fermé et collectiviste des Etats-Unis au service d'une logique de profit; le modèle ouvert et libéral en Europe au service d'une logique sportive

Can liberal democracy help us to survive the environmental crisis?

Objective A cancer diagnosis during pregnancy may be considered as an emotional challengefor pregnant women and their partners. We aimed to identify women and partners at risk for highlevels of distress based on their coping profile.Methods Sixty‐one pregnant women diagnosed with cancer and their partners filled out theCognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and the newly constructed Cancer andPregnancy Questionnaire (CPQ). K‐means cluster analysis was performed on the CERQ scales.Scores on the CPQ were compared between the women and their partners and between theCERQ‐clusters.Results Comparison of women and partners on the CPQ did not reveal significant differenceson distress about the child’s health, the cancer disease, and the pregnancy or on information sat-isfaction (P = .16, P = .44, P = .50, and P = .47, respectively). However, women were more inclinedto maintain the pregnancy than their partners (P = .011). Three clusters were retrieved based onthe CERQ scales, characterized by positive coping, internalizing coping, and blaming. Women andpartners using internalizing strategies had significantly higher scores on concerns about thechild’s health (P = .039), the disease and treatment (P (P = .009) compared with positive and blaming strategies. No cluster differences were foundfor information satisfaction (P = .71) and tendency to maintain the pregnancy (P = .35).Conclusion Women and partners using internalizing coping strategies deal with the highestlevels of distress and may benefit from additional psychosocial support.</div

Antenatal maternal anxiety related to impulsive behaviour in adolescents; a follow-up with computerized attention and inhibition tasks

This study prospectively investigated the influence of antenatal maternal anxiety, measured with the State Trait Anxiety Inventory at 12-22, 23-31 and 32-40 postmenstrual weeks of pregnancy, on cognitive functioning in 57 adolescents (mean age 15 years). ANCOVAs showed effects of State anxiety at 12-22 weeks, after controlling for influences of State anxiety in later pregnancy and postnatal maternal Trait anxiety. Adolescents of high anxious pregnant women reacted impulsively in the Encoding task; they responded faster but made more errors than adolescents of low anxious women. They also scored lower on two administered WISC-R subtests. In the Stop task no differences in inhibiting ongoing responses were found between adolescents of high and low anxious pregnant women. We suspect that high maternal anxiety in the first half of pregnancy may negatively affect brain development of the fetus, reflected by impulsivity and lower WISC-R scores at 14-15 years. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Maternal prenatal stress and 4-6 year old children’s salivary cortisol concentrations pre- and post-vaccination

Contains fulltext : 54819.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)In this study influences of maternal prenatal stress on the cortisol reactions of children to a vaccination were determined. Prenatal stress at around 16 weeks of gestation was measured through questionnaires and a cortisol day curve. Cortisol reactions were determined preceding and following the vaccination. A total of 24 children (age between 3.11 and 5.9 years, mean age 4.9 years) and their mothers participated in this study. Multilevel analysis (hierarchical linear modelling) was used to analyze the data. Children of mothers who had higher concentrations of morning cortisol during pregnancy had higher concentrations of cortisol as compared to children of mothers who had lower concentrations of morning cortisol. Furthermore, more daily hassles and a higher level of fear of bearing a handicapped child during pregnancy were associated with higher concentrations of cortisol in the children.4 p