1,009 research outputs found
Clinical features of the arterial hypertension in a medical emergency service in Abidjan
The authors studied the clinical features of high hypertension (blood pressure over 240 mmHg for the systolic and over 140 mmHg for the diastolic pressure) in 300 black African patients observed in the unit of medical emergency at Abidjan.In this unit arterial hypertension represented 8.27% of the cases and was the main cause of mortality (12.9 % VS 7.2 % for the others causes).The common complications were heart failure (29%), stroke (21 %), encephalopathy (19%) and renal failure (16%). Diabetes was associated in 8.33% of cases. The high rate of mortality is observed when there was stroke (25.4%) and renal fai lure (25%). There was significant increase in mortality linked to high blood pressure
Genetic Diversification and Selection Strategies for Improving Sorghum Grain Yield Under Phosphorous-Deficient Conditions in West Africa
Sorghum, a major crop for income generation and food security in West and Central Africa, is predominantly grown in low-input farming systems with serious soil phosphorus (P) deficiencies. This study (a) estimates genetic parameters needed to design selection protocols that optimize genetic gains for yield under low-phosphorus conditions and (b) examines the utility of introgressed backcross nested association mapping (BCNAM) populations for diversifying Malian breeding materials. A total of 1083 BC1F5 progenies derived from an elite hybrid restorer âLata-3â and 13 diverse donor accessions were evaluated for yield and agronomic traits under contrasting soil P conditions in Mali in 2013. A subset of 298 progenies were further tested under low-P (LP) and high-P (HP) conditions in 2014 and 2015. Significant genetic variation for grain yield was observed under LP and HP conditions. Selection for grain yield under LP conditions was feasible and more efficient than the indirect selection under HP in all three years of testing. Several of the BCNAM populations exhibited yields under LP conditions that were superior to the elite restorer line used as a recurrent parent. The BCNAM approach appears promising for diversifying the male parent pool with introgression of diverse materials using both adapted Malian breed and unadapted landrace material from distant geographic origins as donors
The cetaceans of Guinea, a first check-list of documented species. Scientific Committee document SC/58/O15, International Whaling Commission, May-June 2006, St. Kitts
A CMS workshop on West African Cetacea (Conakry, May 2000), called for i.a. âcarrying out .. inventory of cetacean species; collection, treatment and compilation of data for each state.â The present paper is a preliminary faunal checklist of cetaceans occurring in Guineaâs EEZ. Information was gleaned from strandings, bycatches, scientific and opportunistic sightings and a literature review. Ten species are included for which supporting voucher material and data were available for examination. These are, three baleen whales: Balaenoptera brydei, Balaenoptera acutorostrata and Megaptera novaeangliae; and seven species of odontocetes: Kogia breviceps, Tursiops truncatus, Sousa teuszii, Stenella frontalis, Delphinus delphis, Steno bredanensis and Globicephala macrorhynchus. Another two species, Physeter macrocephalus and Stenella attenuate were sighted off Guinea but no photographic evidence was obtained. The current account is thought to reflect an incomplete picture of Guineaâs cetacean biodiversity. Future surveys are expected to update and investigate spatial and temporal distribution patterns for each species along Guineaâs coast. A few bycatches landed by artisanal fishers were utilised locally, but there are no signs of any substantial captures. Nonetheless, monitoring should be continued. The set-up of a national reference collection and database is recommended. The population identities of the encountered Atlantic humpback dolphin, minke whale and humpback whale are of particular interest
Transforming a traditional commons-based seed system through collaborative networks of farmer seed-cooperatives and public breeding programs: the case of sorghum in Mali
Malian farmersâ traditional system for managing seed of sorghum, an indigenous crop of vital importance for food security and survival, can be conceptualized as a commons. Although this system maintains a wide range of varieties and helps ensure access to seed, its ability to create and widely disseminate new varieties to meet evolving opportunities and challenges is
limited. A network of farmer groups, public breeding programs, and development organizations collaborating in decentralized creation and dissemination of sorghum varieties in Mali is examined regarding (1) how the network developed and what activities it conducts; (2) the resulting varietal diversity, varietal performance and organizational models; and (3) the elements
of the traditional seed system that were maintained, strengthened or transformed. A single-case study approach was used that relies on published literature, official catalogues of released varieties and a database of farmer seed-cooperative requests for foundation seed. The functioning of the network and its varietal-, seed-, and organizational- outcomes are documented and
the elements of the traditional sorghum seed system that are maintained or strengthened are analyzed. The evolution of the networkâs reliance on commoning as a social process and its strengthening of core Seed Commons features are discussed with a view to the networkâs contributions to targeted development outcomes and potential replicability. The case demonstrates how creating a framework for collaboration, enabling actors and organizations to take on collective responsibility while maintaining distributed decision-making at local level, opens opportunities for transforming farming- and food-systems towards sustainability and resilience
A Decade of Partnering to Stop HIV in West Africa: GAIA VF Prevention, Education, Access to Care and Vaccine Trial Site Development in Bamako, Mali
Poster Presentation from AIDS Vaccine 2012 Boston, MA, USA. 9-12 September 201
Ectopia cordis about a case at Ourossogui regional hospital center
We report in this work, an extremely rare and major case of anterior body wall defects included ectopia cordis define by abnormal location of heart outside of the thorax. This case was diagnosed at the maternity of Ourossogui regional hospital center, in Senegal. Any scan was performed during the pregnancy. Newborn died 10 minutes after birth. Ectopia cordis is related to a possible ventral midline developmental abnormality. Itâs associated to other midline abnormalities and is a part of pentalogy of Cantrell. An X-linked genetic abnormality
Lâepilepsie en milieu scolaire : enquete chez les enseignants de la ville de Kati au Mali et revue de la litterature
Introduction La prĂ©valence de lâĂ©pilepsie en Afrique subsaharienne est Ă©levĂ©e. Nous avons menĂ© une Ă©tude transversale et descriptive dans lâensemble des Ă©coles primaires de la ville de Kati (200 000 habitants). Les enseignants furent interviewĂ©s de maniĂšre exhaustive Ă lâaide de questionnaires portant, dâune part, sur les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques des enseignants en matiĂšre dâĂ©pilepsie et, dâautre part, sur leurs avis sur les consĂ©quences psychologiques, sociales pour lâenfant Ă©pileptique et les incidences sur sa scolaritĂ©.RĂ©sultats Nous avons interrogĂ© 92 enseignants (60 hommes et 32 femmes). LâĂąge moyen des enseignants Ă©tait de 30 ans. La majoritĂ© dâentre eux avait une expĂ©rience professionnelle de plus de 5 ans. Environ 38% des enseignants attribuaient la maladie Ă une cause surnaturelle. Plus de 39% des enseignants pensaient que lâĂ©pilepsie Ă©tait contagieuse et 61% pensaient que lâĂ©pilepsie Ă©tait incurable. 79% interdisaient systĂ©matiquement la pratique du sport Ă lâenfant Ă©pileptique. Environ 55% pensaient que lâenfant Ă©pileptique avait des capacitĂ©s cognitives infĂ©rieures Ă celles de lâenfant non Ă©pileptique et 88% affirmaient que lâenfant épileptique Ă©tait incapable dâavoir une scolaritĂ© normale. 59% trouvaient que lâĂ©lĂšve Ă©pileptique Ă©tait victime de stigmatisation et de marginalisation. Devant une crise, 68% renvoyaient lâenfant au domicile.Conclusion Ce travail fait apparaĂźtre un besoin de formation des enseignants en matiĂšre dâĂ©pilepsie. Les donnĂ©es actuelles sur la frĂ©quence de lâĂ©pilepsie en milieu scolaire justifient une attention particuliĂšre des services de santĂ© et de ceux de lâĂ©ducation nationale sur la scolarisation de lâenfant Ă©pileptique.Mots clĂ©s : Epilepsie, Ecole, Enseignants, Mali, Pratiques
Requirements modelling and formal analysis using graph operations
The increasing complexity of enterprise systems requires a more advanced
analysis of the representation of services expected than is currently possible.
Consequently, the specification stage, which could be facilitated by formal
verification, becomes very important to the system life-cycle. This paper presents
a formal modelling approach, which may be used in order to better represent
the reality of the system and to verify the awaited or existing systemâs properties,
taking into account the environmental characteristics. For that, we firstly propose
a formalization process based upon properties specification, and secondly we
use Conceptual Graphs operations to develop reasoning mechanisms of verifying
requirements statements. The graphic visualization of these reasoning enables us
to correctly capture the system specifications by making it easier to determine if
desired properties hold. It is applied to the field of Enterprise modelling
Délivrance des antipaludiques sur conseil dans les officines privées du district de Bamako, Mali
Contexte et objectif : Le paludisme est une maladie bien connue de la population malienne,
le conseil Ă lâofficine est de plus en plus demander dans sa prise en charge par la population.
En vue de mieux cerner la problématique de délivrance des antipaludiques sans ordonnance,
nous avons initiĂ© la prĂ©sente Ă©tude avec comme objectif dâĂ©tudier la pratique de la dĂ©livrance
des antipaludiques sans ordonnance conformément aux directives du programme national de
lutte contre le paludisme au Mali.
Population et MĂ©thode : Il sâagissait dâune Ă©tude transversale descriptive sur la dĂ©livrance
des antipaludiques sur conseil. Nous avons retenu dans lâĂ©tude tous les clients ĂągĂ©s de 15 ans
et plus, reçus dans les officines de Bamako pour une demande dâantipaludique sans
ordonnance pour lui-mĂȘme ou pour une autre personne aprĂšs leur consentement Ă©clairĂ©.
RĂ©sultats : LâĂ©tude a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e dans 199 sur les 230 officines que compte le district de
Bamako, nous avons enregistré 466 demandes de conseil. Le sexe ration M/F était de 1,7 et
28,9% des clients auxquels le médicament est destiné ont moins 20 ans, dans 52,4% des cas le
client nâest pas le malade. Les combinaisons thĂ©rapeutiques Ă base dâartĂ©misinine ont Ă©tĂ© les
plus conseillĂ©s (52%). La Sulfadoxine PyrimĂ©thamine a Ă©tĂ© lâantipaludique le plus achetĂ©
parmi les antipaludiques non CTA. Dans 21% des cas les antipaludiques étaient associés aux
antibiotiques
Conclusion : Lâofficine est le premier recours dans le systĂšme de santĂ© pour la majoritĂ© des
clients présentant une suspicion clinique de paludism
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