11,898 research outputs found
Protection of Domestic Violence Victims Under the New York City Human Rights Law\u27s Provisions Prohibiting Discrimination on the Basis of Disability
This Article analyzes the need to create a new protected class of domestic violence victims to shield them from discrimination in employment. The Article examines arguments for and against proposed legislation to revise the human rights law governing disability, section 8-107 of the New York City Administration Code. The Article concludes that this legislation is unnecessary because the law already provides sufficient protection to domestic violence victims without requiring that victims disclose their domestic violence status to their employers
Dodge the Fall: A Newborn Fall Prevention Initiative
Problem: There has been a rise in In-hospital newborn falls following evidence-based practices such as breastfeeding and rooming that promote mother and baby bonding (Karlsson et al., (2021). U.S. hospitals have approximately 600 to 1,600 newborn falls annually (The Joint Commission [TJC], 2018).
Context: A San Francisco Bay hospital with a postpartum unit experienced three newborn falls as of 2023. The level III neonatal intensive care unit is a high-risk obstetric facility with more than 3,000 births annually. It comprises 21 hospital beds: 10 on the postpartum and 11 on the antepartum floors.
Intervention: Developing and implementing the “Pledge Form for Infant Safety form.” A nursing tool to educate postpartum patients on newborn fall prevention and reinforce commitment to safe sleep practices.
Measures: Qualitative information was gathered using pre-and post “Patient Education Surveys” and pre-implantation staff surveys. Pre- and post-implementation quantitative data derived from newborn chart audits using electronic medical records (EMRs).
Results: This project aimed to increase nurse-to-patient education by 10% and decrease the number of newborn falls. “Patient Education Surveys” demonstrated a 4.6% decrease in newborn fall prevention education compared to an 18.9% increase in EMR-documented nurse-to-patient education. No falls were reported from September to November.
Conclusion: Concluded with inconsistent data between “Patient Education Surveys” and EMR newborn chart audits. The findings present a need to assess a structured teaching approach for postpartum families. It may be beneficial to standardize the educational content and language, making it easier for patients to learn and recall the material
Maternal short stature does not predict their children's fatness indicators in a nutritional dual-burden sample of urban Mexican Maya.
The co-existence of very short stature due to poor chronic environment in early life and obesity is becoming a public health concern in rapidly transitioning populations with high levels of poverty. Individuals who have very short stature seem to be at an increased risk of obesity in times of relative caloric abundance. Increasing evidence shows that an individual is influenced by exposures in previous generations. This study assesses whether maternal poor early life environment predicts her child's adiposity using cross sectional design on Maya schoolchildren aged 7-9 and their mothers (n = 57 pairs). We compared maternal chronic early life environment (stature) with her child's adiposity (body mass index [BMI] z-score, waist circumference z-score, and percentage body fat) using multiple linear regression, controlling for the child's own environmental exposures (household sanitation and maternal parity). The research was performed in the south of Merida, Yucatan, Mexico, a low socioeconomic urban area in an upper middle income country. The Maya mothers were very short, with a mean stature of 147 cm. The children had fairly high adiposity levels, with BMI and waist circumference z-scores above the reference median. Maternal stature did not significantly predict any child adiposity indicator. There does not appear to be an intergenerational component of maternal early life chronic under-nutrition on her child's obesity risk within this free living population living in poverty. These results suggest that the co-existence of very short stature and obesity appears to be primarily due to exposures and experiences within a generation rather than across generations
Human Sexual Cycles are Driven by Culture and Match Collective Moods
It is a long-standing question whether human sexual and reproductive cycles
are affected predominantly by biology or culture. The literature is mixed with
respect to whether biological or cultural factors best explain the reproduction
cycle phenomenon, with biological explanations dominating the argument. The
biological hypothesis proposes that human reproductive cycles are an adaptation
to the seasonal cycles caused by hemisphere positioning, while the cultural
hypothesis proposes that conception dates vary mostly due to cultural factors,
such as vacation schedule or religious holidays. However, for many countries,
common records used to investigate these hypotheses are incomplete or
unavailable, biasing existing analysis towards primarily Christian countries in
the Northern Hemisphere. Here we show that interest in sex peaks sharply online
during major cultural and religious celebrations, regardless of hemisphere
location. This online interest, when shifted by nine months, corresponds to
documented human birth cycles, even after adjusting for numerous factors such
as language, season, and amount of free time due to holidays. We further show
that mood, measured independently on Twitter, contains distinct collective
emotions associated with those cultural celebrations, and these collective
moods correlate with sex search volume outside of these holidays as well. Our
results provide converging evidence that the cyclic sexual and reproductive
behavior of human populations is mostly driven by culture and that this
interest in sex is associated with specific emotions, characteristic of, but
not limited to, major cultural and religious celebrations.Comment: Main Paper: 21 pages, 4 figures Supplementary Material: 66 pages, 15
figures, 13 table
Machine learning techniques to select Be star candidates. An application in the OGLE-IV Gaia south ecliptic pole field
Statistical pattern recognition methods have provided competitive solutions
for variable star classification at a relatively low computational cost. In
order to perform supervised classification, a set of features is proposed and
used to train an automatic classification system. Quantities related to the
magnitude density of the light curves and their Fourier coefficients have been
chosen as features in previous studies. However, some of these features are not
robust to the presence of outliers and the calculation of Fourier coefficients
is computationally expensive for large data sets. We propose and evaluate the
performance of a new robust set of features using supervised classifiers in
order to look for new Be star candidates in the OGLE-IV Gaia south ecliptic
pole field. We calculated the proposed set of features on six types of variable
stars and on a set of Be star candidates reported in the literature. We
evaluated the performance of these features using classification trees and
random forests along with K-nearest neighbours, support vector machines, and
gradient boosted trees methods. We tuned the classifiers with a 10-fold
cross-validation and grid search. We validated the performance of the best
classifier on a set of OGLE-IV light curves and applied this to find new Be
star candidates. The random forest classifier outperformed the others. By using
the random forest classifier and colour criteria we found 50 Be star candidates
in the direction of the Gaia south ecliptic pole field, four of which have
infrared colours consistent with Herbig Ae/Be stars. Supervised methods are
very useful in order to obtain preliminary samples of variable stars extracted
from large databases. As usual, the stars classified as Be stars candidates
must be checked for the colours and spectroscopic characteristics expected for
them
The effect of the alkali metal cation on the electrocatalytic oxidation of formate on platinum
Non-covalent interactions between hydrated alkali metal cations and adsorbed oxygenated species on platinum might considerably inhibit some electrocatalytic reactions. We report in this communication the effect exerted by electrolyte alkali metal cations on the electro-oxidation of formate ions on platinum. The system was investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry in the presence of an electrolyte containing Li+, Na+, or K+. As already observed for other systems, the general activity towards the electro-oxidation of formate ions was found to increase in the sequence Li+ + +. In addition, we observed that the inhibition caused by smaller cations has a peculiar potential dependence because of the multi-peaked current profile of the electro-oxidation of formate on platinum. In this respect, we have also identified a new effect caused by cation inhibition at intermediate potentials, namely a peak splitting towards the use of smaller cations. Results are discussed in connection with mechanistic aspects of this model system
A new clinical tool for assessing numerical abilities in neurological diseases: numerical activities of daily living
The aim of this study was to build an instrument, the numerical activities of daily living (NADL), designed to identify the specific impairments in numerical functions that may cause problems in everyday life. These impairments go beyond what can be inferred from the available scales evaluating activities of daily living in general, and are not adequately captured by measures of the general deterioration of cognitive functions as assessed by standard clinical instruments like the MMSE and MoCA. We assessed a control group (n = 148) and a patient group affected by a wide variety of neurological conditions (n = 175), with NADL along with IADL, MMSE, and MoCA. The NADL battery was found to have satisfactory construct validity and reliability, across a wide age range. This enabled us to calculate appropriate criteria for impairment that took into account age and education. It was found that neurological patients tended to overestimate their abilities as compared to the judgment made by their caregivers, assessed with objective tests of numerical abilities
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