Estimates of regional ET from HCMM data: Summary of 1977 experiment and final arrangement for 1978 in southeastern France test site

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Impact du changement climatique sur les écosystèmes naturels et cultivés

Bernard Seguin traite plus spécifiquement ici des conséquences du réchauffement sur les agro et écosystèmes. En France, il est déjà possible d'observer des impacts sur les écosystèmes cultivés et naturels, en particulier au niveau de leur phénologie et de leur productivité. Même s'il est difficile d'isoler le facteur climatique de l'ensemble des autres facteurs, il est clairement attesté que le climat actuel évolue significativemen

Après le colloque de 2007... Quelle réalité et quelle perception du changement climatique ? -

Ces dernières années, un écho plus large donné aux climato-sceptiques, s'appuyant sur la conjonction d'épisodes hivernaux un peu plus rigoureux ou d'un retour à des conditions de sécheresse moins extrêmes en climat méditerranéen, par rapport à l'année 2007, a mis à mal le consensus qui existait à l'époque sur la réalité du changement climatique. Quel peut être le constat, trois ans plus tard ? Les disparités et fluctuations locales ne doivent pas cacher une tendance globale au réchauffement. Les observations, plus nombreuses et précises, montrent que le réchauffement est plus élevé dans l'hémisphère Nord et confirment le recul de la banquise polaire et la fonte de glaciers. En France, les observations confirment également le réchauffement. Au niveau local malgré trois dernières années moins extrêmes, on note une tendance générale vers plus de sécheresse. Même s'il existe des incertitudes au niveau de la variabilité, une certitude demeure : on ira vers un climat plus chaud et plus sec ; confirmé en Méditerranée

Developmental and Regional Studies of the Metabolism of Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate in Rat Brain

Coupling of CNS receptors to phosphoinositide turnover has previously been found to vary with both age and brain region. To determine whether the metabolism of the second messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate also displays such variations, activities of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 5′-phosphatase and 3′-kinase were measured in developing rat cerebral cortex and adult rat brain regions. The 5′-phosphatase activity was relatively high at birth (∼50% of adult values) and increased to adult levels by 2 weeks postnatal. In contrast, the 3′-kinase activity was low at birth and reached ∼50% of adult levels by 2 weeks postnatal. In the adult rat, activities of the 3′-kinase were comparable in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum, whereas much lower activities were found in hypothalamus and pons/medulla. The 5′-phosphatase activities were similar in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and pons/medulla, whereas 5-to 10-fold higher activity was present in the cerebellum. The cerebellum is estimated to contain 50–60% of the total inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 5′-phosphatase activity present in whole adult rat brain. The localization of the enriched 5′-phosphatase activity within the cerebellum was examined. Application of a histochemical lead-trapping technique for phosphatase indicated a concentration of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 5′-phosphatase activity in the cerebellar molecular layer. Further support for this conclusion was obtained from studies of Purkinje cell-deficient mutant mice, in which a marked decrement of cerebellar 5′-phosphatase was observed. These results suggest that the metabolic fate of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate depends on both brain region and stage of development.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65545/1/j.1471-4159.1990.tb01976.x.pd

Ternary Fingerprints with Reference Odor for Fluctuation-Enhanced Sensing

An improved method for Fluctuation Enhanced Sensing (FES) is introduced. We enhanced the old binary fingerprinting method, where the fingerprint bit values were +/- 1, by introducing ternary fingerprints utilizing a reference odor. In the ternary method, the fingerprint bit values are -1, 0, and +1 where the 0 value stands for the situation where the slope of the spectrum is identical to that of the reference odor. The application of the reference odor spectrum makes the fingerprint relative to the reference. This feature increases the information entropy of the fingerprints. The method is briefly illustrated by sensing bacterial odor in cow manure isolates.Comment: submitted for publicatio

The evaluation of evaporation by infrared thermography: A critical analysis of the measurements on the Crau test site

Evapotranspiration was calculated for both the dry and irrigated zone by four methods which were compared with the energy balance method serving as a reference. Two methods did not involve the surface temperature. They are ETR(n) = R(n), liable to be valid under wet conditions and ET(eq) = (delta/delta + gamma) R(n) i.e, the first term of Penman's equation, adapted to moderately dry conditions. The methods using surface temperature were the combined energy balance aerodynamic approach and a simplified approach proposed by Jackson et al. Tests show the surface temperature methods give relatively satisfactory results both in the dry and wet zone, with a precision of 10% to 15% compared with the reference method. As was to be expected, ET(eq) gave satisfactory results only in the dry zone and ET(Rn) in the irrigated zone. Thermography increased the precision in the estimate of ET relative to the most suitable classical method by 5% to 8% and is equally suitable for both dry and wet conditions. The Jackson method does not require extensive ground measurements and the evaluation of the surface roughness

Dasatinib Modulates Invasive and Migratory Properties of Canine Osteosarcoma and has Therapeutic Potential in Affected Dogs

AbstractBACKGROUND: This investigation sought to elucidate the relationship between hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)–induced metastatic behavior and the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) crizotinib and dasatinib in canine osteosarcoma (OS). Preliminary evidence of an apparent clinical benefit from adjuvant therapy with dasatinib in four dogs is described. METHODS: The inhibitors were assessed for their ability to block phosphorylation of MET; reduce HGF-induced production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP); and prevent invasion, migration, and cell viability in canine OS cell lines. Oral dasatinib (0.75 mg/kg) was tested as an adjuvant therapy in four dogs with OS. RESULTS: Constitutive phosphorylation of MET was detected in two cell lines, and this was unaffected by 20-nM incubation with either dasatinib or crizotinib. Incubation of cell lines with HGF (MET ligand) increased cell migration and invasion in both cell lines and increased MMP-9 activity in one. Dasatinib suppressed OS cell viability and HGF-induced invasion and migration, whereas crizotinib reduced migration and MMP-9 production but did not inhibit invasion or viability. CONCLUSIONS: Invasion, migration, and viability of canine OS cell lines are increased by exogenous HGF. HGF induces secretion of different forms of MMP in different cell lines. The HGF-driven increase in viability and metastatic behaviors we observed are more uniformly inhibited by dasatinib. These observations suggest a potential clinical benefit of adjuvant dasatinib treatment for dogs with OS

Cholesterol Synthesis and Nerve Regeneration

In this report, we examine the requirement of cholesterol biosynthesis and its axonal transport for goldfish optic nerve regeneration. Cholesterol, labeled by intraocular injection of [ 3 H]mevalonolactone. exhibited a delayed appearance in the optic tectum. Squalene and other minor components were labeled but not transported. Following optic nerve crush, the amount of labeled cholesterol transport was elevated, while retinal labeling was not altered relative to control fish. A requirement for cholesterol biosynthesis is inferred from the inhibition of neurite outgrowth in retinal explants caused by the cholesterol synthesis inhibitor, 20, 25-diazacholes-terol. The inhibition of growth could be overcome by addition of mevalonolactone, but not cholesterol, to the medium. Intraperitoneal administration of 200 nmol of dia-zacholesterol resulted in 92-98% inhibition of retinal cholesterol synthesis and accumulation of labeled des-mosterol and other lipids in fish retina and brain which persisted for 2 weeks. Diazacholesterol-treated fish showed no reduction in the amount of lipid-soluble radioactivity transported following intraocular injection of [ 3 H]mevalonolactone, but there were alterations in the chromatographic pattern of the transported labeled lipids. In contrast to its effects on neurite outgrowth in vitro , diazacholesterol did not inhibit optic nerve regeneration in vivo , as measured both by arrival of labeled rapidly transported protein at the tectum and by time required for the return of visual function.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65710/1/j.1471-4159.1984.tb12701.x.pd

Sondage archéologique sur l'oppidum du Camp de César à Laudun-l'Ardoise. Étude d'une structure du Haut-Empire réutilisée au cours de l'Antiquité tardive.

National audienceDans le cadre des recherches sur les dynamiques de peuplement dans la basse vallée de la Cèze, le sondage réalisé dans cette structure en bordure orientale de l'oppidum du Camp de César à Laudun-l'Ardoise (Gard), a permis d'établir sa construction au cours du Ier siècle de notre ère et de sa réfection au cours des Ve-VIe siècles. L'abondance de mobilier céramique tardo-républicain, et du Haut-Empire, au sein du bâti ou en stratigraphie, ne permettent pas de dater exclusivement cette structure de l'Antiquité tardive, bien que les couches tardo-antiques directement au contact de l'affleurement rocheux, sont un terminus post quem recevable pour la datation de la réfection du bâtiment. Il semble qu'au cours des Ve-VIe siècles de nouveaux constructeurs ont procédé à des terrassements mettant à jour les maçonneries préexistantes du Ier siècle, qui ont alors été réutilisées