Scale invariant correlations and the distribution of prime numbers

Negative correlations in the distribution of prime numbers are found to display a scale invariance. This occurs in conjunction with a nonstationary behavior. We compare the prime number series to a type of fractional Brownian motion which incorporates both the scale invariance and the nonstationary behavior. Interesting discrepancies remain. The scale invariance also appears to imply the Riemann hypothesis and we study the use of the former as a test of the latter.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, version to appear in J. Phys.

Noise and thermal stability of vibrating micro-gyrometers preamplifiers

The preamplifier is a critical component of gyrometer's electronics. Indeed the resolution of the sensor is limited by its signal to noise ratio, and the gyrometer's thermal stability is limited by its gain drift. In this paper, five different kinds of preamplifiers are presented and compared. Finally, the design of an integrated preamplifier is shown in order to increase the gain stability while reducing its noise and size.Comment: Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association (http://irevues.inist.fr/EDA-Publishing

The phase-dependent linear conductance of a superconducting quantum point contact

The exact expression for the phase-dependent linear conductance of a weakly damped superconducting quantum point contact is obtained. The calculation is performed by summing up the complete perturbative series in the coupling between the electrodes. The failure of any finite order perturbative expansion in the limit of small voltage and small quasi-particle damping is analyzed in detail. In the low transmission regime this nonperturbative calculation yields a result which is at variance with standard tunnel theory. Our result predicts the correct sign of the quasi-particle pair interference term and exhibits an unusual phase-dependence at low temperatures in qualitative agreement with the available experimental data.Comment: 12 pages (revtex) + 1 postscript figure. Submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

Quantum Monte Carlo Algorithm Based on Two-Body Density Functional Theory for Fermionic Many-Body Systems: Application to 3He

We construct a quantum Monte Carlo algorithm for interacting fermions using the two-body density as the fundamental quantity. The central idea is mapping the interacting fermionic system onto an auxiliary system of interacting bosons. The correction term is approximated using correlated wave functions for the interacting system, resulting in an effective potential that represents the nodal surface. We calculate the properties of 3He and find good agreement with experiment and with other theoretical work. In particular, our results for the total energy agree well with other calculations where the same approximations were implemented but the standard quantum Monte Carlo algorithm was usedComment: 4 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl

Relevance of the rat lung tumor response to particle overload for human risk assessment—Update and interpretation of new data since ILSI 2000

The relevance of particle-overload related lung tumors in rats for human risk assessment following chronic inhalation exposures to poorly soluble particulates (PSP) has been a controversial issue for more than three decades. In 1998, an ILSI (International Life Sciences) Working Group of health scientists was convened to address this issue of applicability of experimental study findings of lung neoplasms in rats for lifetime-exposed production workers to PSPs. A full consensus view was not reached by the Workshop participants, although it was generally acknowledged that the findings of lung tumors in rats following chronic inhalation, particle-overload PSP exposures occurred only in rats and no other tested species; and that there was an absence of lung cancers in PSP-exposed production workers. Since the publication of the ILSI Workshop report in 2000, there have been important new data published on the human relevance issue. A thorough and comprehensive review of the health effects literature on poorly soluble particles/lung overload was undertaken and published by an ECETOC (European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals) Task Force in 2013. One of the significant conclusions derived from that technical report was that the rat is unique amongst all species in developing lung tumors under chronic inhalation overload exposures to PSPs. Accordingly, the objective of this review is to provide important insights on the fundamental differences in pulmonary responses between experimentally-exposed rats, other experimental species and occupationally-exposed humans. Briefly, five central factors are described by the following issues. • Interspecies differences in lung responses of rats vs. other rodents, triggering different adverse outcome pathways (AOPs); • Interspecies differences in inhaled particle kinetics in rats vs nonhuman primates and humans triggering differential particle-related pulmonary responses. • Advanced and updated human respiratory tract deposition and retention models allowing more realistic particle translocation/retention estimates. • Differences in morphologies and characterizations of rat vs. human pulmonary tumor types and locations within the respiratory tract. • Comprehensive in-depth analysis of available epidemiological data from PSP production workers that demonstrate no correlation between particle exposures and lung cancers or other non-malignant respiratory diseases. Focusing on these five interrelated/convergent factors clearly demonstrate an inappropriateness in concluding that the findings of lung tumors in rats exposed chronically to high concentrations of PSPs are accurate representations of the risks of lung cancer in PSP-exposed production workers. The most plausible conclusion that can be reached is that results from chronic particle-overload inhalation studies with PSPs in rats have no relevance for determining lung cancer risks in production workers exposed for a working lifetime to these poorly soluble particulate-types

Recovery of immune competence after tumour resection in mice: correlation with loss of suppressor elements.

Changes in the immune competence and levels of suppressore elements were assessed by mitogen stimulation and in vitro antibody production, after resection of a transplantable sarcoma. Spleen cells from tumour-resected animals were found to have depressed responses to conA as well as to the antigens SRBC and DNP-LPS. This inability to respond was gradually overcome and, by Day 21 after resection, spleen cell competence had returned to normal levels. Suppressor cells isolated from the spleens of tumour-resected animals were capable of suppressing the conA response and PFC response of normal syngeneic spleen cells in vitro. The ability to suppress the conA response of normal cells disappeared by Day 1 after resection, while the ability to suppress the anti-SRBC and anti-DNP PFC response of normal cells disappeared by Day 8 and Day 14 respectively. Serum from tumour-resected mice was also found to be suppressive to the conA response of normal spleen cells. The inhibitory material responsible for suppression eluted with the Ig-containing fraction on Sephadex G-150. This inhibitory material gradually disappeared from the serum of tumour-resected mice and was no longer apparent by Day 14. Therefore, it appeared that the return of normal lymphocyte function after tumour-resection was concomitant with the disappearance of splenic suppressor cells and suppressive serum factor

Effective potentials for atom-atom interaction at low temperatures

We discuss the concept and design of effective atom-atom potentials that accurately describe any physical processes involving only states around the threshold. The existence of such potentials gives hope to a quantitative, and systematic, understanding of quantum few-atom and quantum many-atom systems at relatively low temperatures.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Constraining the initial temperature and shear viscosity in a hybrid hydrodynamic model of sNN\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200 GeV Au+Au collisions using pion spectra, elliptic flow, and femtoscopic radii

A new framework for evaluating hydrodynamic models of relativistic heavy ion collisions has been developed. This framework, a Comprehesive Heavy Ion Model Evaluation and Reporting Algorithm (CHIMERA) has been implemented by augmenting UVH 2+1D viscous hydrodynamic model with eccentricity fluctuations, pre-equilibrium flow, and the Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamic (UrQMD) hadronic cascade. A range of initial temperatures and shear viscosity to entropy ratios were evaluated for four initial profiles, $N_{part}$ and $N_{coll}$ scaling with and without pre-equilibrium flow. The model results were compared to pion spectra, elliptic flow, and femtoscopic radii from 200 GeV Au+Au collisions for the 0--20% centrality range.Two sets of initial density profiles, $N_{part}$ scaling with pre-equilibrium flow and $N_{coll}$ scaling without were shown to provide a consistent description of all three measurements.Comment: 21 pages, 32 figures, version 3 includes additional text for clarification, division of figures into more manageable units, and placement of chi-squared values in tables for ease of viewin

Luttinger liquid behavior in weakly disordered quantum wires

We have measured the temperature dependence of the conductance in long V-groove quantum wires (QWRs) fabricated in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures. Our data is consistent with recent theories developed within the framework of the Luttinger liquid model, in the limit of weakly disordered wires. We show that for the relatively small amount of disorder in our QWRs, the value of the interaction parameter g is g=0.66, which is the expected value for GaAs. However, samples with a higher level of disorder show conductance with stronger temperature dependence, which does not allow their treatment in the framework of perturbation theory. Trying to fit such data with perturbation-theory models leads inevitably to wrong (lower) values of g.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Majorana single-charge transistor

We study transport through a Coulomb blockaded topologically nontrivial superconducting wire (with Majorana end states) contacted by metallic leads. An exact formula for the current through this interacting Majorana single-charge transistor is derived in terms of wire spectral functions. A comprehensive picture follows from three different approaches. We find Coulomb oscillations with universal halving of the finite-temperature peak conductance under strong blockade conditions, where the valley conductance mainly comes from elastic cotunneling. The nonlinear conductance exhibits finite-voltage sidebands due to anomalous tunneling involving Cooper pair splittingThis work was supported by the DFG (Grant No. EG-96/ 9-1 and SFB TR 12), by the EU network SE2ND, and by the Spanish MICINN under Contract FIS2008-0420