Water characteristics, mixing and circulation in the Bay of Bengal during southwest monsoon

Influence of the freshwater influx, the wind forcing and the Indian Ocean monsoon drift current on the property distributions and the circulation in the Bay of Bengal during southwest monsoon has been quantified. At the head of the Bay, waters of low salinity, affected by the freshwater influx, occupy the upper 90 m water column. The isohaline 34.0 × 10−3 separating these waters from those of underlying saline waters shoals southward gradually and outcrops around 14N, 10N and 6N in the western, central and southeastern regions of the Bay respectively. The wind-stress-curl-induced upwelling effect is confined to depth limits of 50–100 m as is supported by a band of cold (24°–19°C) water in the central Bay. In the southern and central regions of the Bay, the monsoon drift current feeds the large scale cyclonic gyre apart from maintaining the northward flowing boundary current in the eastern Bay. A warm (27°–23°C), saline (35.0–35.2 × 10−3) watermass is advected northeastward along with the monsoon drift current into the Bay up to 14N at the depth limits of 50–100 m. Below this depth, in the western Bay a well-defined southward flow in the form of a boundary current is documented. Intense vertical mixing is inferred at the zones of salinity fronts in the depth limits of 40–100 m and also at deeper depths (\u3e 2200 m) and elsewhere lateral mixing is predominant

Relation between outgoing longwave radiation and findlater jet over Arabian Sea during summer monsoon and influence on Indian monsoon rainfall

428-435This work analyses the relationship between outgoing Longwave radiation (OLR) and Findlater jet (FLJ) intensities at 850 hPa pressure level and also their relation with Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR; June-September) for a period of 1997-2010 over Arabian Sea and India. FLJ is a low-level jet (LLJ) which can be observed during southwest monsoon months. This LLJ generally supports the large-scale moisture and momentum transport from ocean to atmosphere, which results in rainfall over India. FLJ and OLR are associated during the monsoon months. However FLJ (positively) and OLR (negatively) are related with ISMR. Monthly and seasonal correlation coefficients among FLJ, OLR and ISMR presented and the deviations during El Nino/La Nina are discussed. Based on this analysis we recommend that the variations in FLJ should include interannual variability in atmospheric dynamics

Measurement of Orbital Decay in the Double Neutron Star Binary PSR B2127+11C

We report the direct measurement of orbital period decay in the double neutron star pulsar system PSR B2127+11C in the globular cluster M15 at the rate of $(-3.95 \pm 0.13) \times 10^{-12}$, consistent with the prediction of general relativity at the $\sim 3$ level. We find the pulsar mass to be $m_p = (1.358 \pm 0.010) M_\odot$ and the companion mass $m_c = (1.354 \pm 0.010) M_\odot$. We also report long-term pulse timing results for the pulsars PSR B2127+11A and PSR B2127+11B, including confirmation of the cluster proper motion.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

Modelling and development of a horizontal vibratory rod mill for mechanical alloying: a first report

The present work deals with the development of a horizontal vibratory rod mill for mechanical alloying and synthesis of nanostructured materials. A simplistic model for optimization of milling efficiency has been developed, and the optimal operating parameters have been theoretically identified. The significance of developing such a mill lies in the possibility of high temperature mechanical alloying, which can open up new vistas for synthesis of nanoscale alloys

Strategi Perencanaan Dan Pengembangan Industri Pariwisata Dengan Menggunakan Metode Swot Dan Qspm (Studi Kasus Kecamatan Leitimur Selatan Kota Ambon)

Problems faced by South Leitimur Ambon District was had a lot of undeveloped tourism potential developed as a tourist attraction that makes this region as a tourist destination areas (DTW). Thus, the strategic planning and development of tourism industry must be oriented to the development of tourism potential possessed by considering the problems faced, the economy was able to increase the income of local communities. This research is a type of qualitative research data collection techniques through direct observation (observation), indepth interviews (depth interviews), distributing questionnaires (questionnaire) and the study of literature. Presentation of analysis done formally (in tabular form) or informal (narrative). The method used is the method of SWOT and QSPM form, data analysis performed by Internal External Factors, IE matrix analysis, SWOT analysis and research QSPM. The result of analysis is to show the position of tourism in the district of South Leitimur with a market penetration strategy and product development, strategic SWOT analysis of the SO, ST, WO and WT, QSPM analysis shows that the strategy should be prioritized first Product development is a 15.550 total of TAS, TAS total Progressive strategy II 14.050, III 13.350 TAS total market penetration and IV diversification strategy of the TAS total of 13,00. To develop the sub-region South Leitimur based on the results of the analysis and strategic issues are obtained, it will be obtained or performed the following programs: Tourism Potential Collection owned, Development of tourism potential, the potential increase in tourism, infrastructure improvement, increase the quality of human resources , Increasing and strengthening management systems and increase welfare

Groupers and snappers of India: biology and exploitation

The fishes of the families Serranidae (groupers) and Lutjanidae (snappers) are an important resource along the Indian coast. They are represented by 79 species in the Indian seas, reach up to 2 m and are abundant in and around rocky outgrowths and coral ridges at depths extending to about 360 m. Their exploitation presently yields an average annual landing of 8 000 t or about 3% of total Indian marine fish landings. This paper summarizes present knnowledge on distribution, exploitation, culture and biology of groupers and snappers in India

Developmental differences in affective representation between prefrontal and subcortical structures

Developmental studies have identified differences in prefrontal and subcortical affective structures between children and adults, which correspond with observed cognitive and behavioral maturations from relatively simplistic emotional experiences and expressions to more nuanced, complex ones. However, developmental changes in the neural representation of emotions have not yet been well explored. It stands to reason that adults and children may demonstrate observable differences in the representation of affect within key neurological structures implicated in affective cognition. Forty-five participants (25 children; 20 adults) passively viewed positive, negative, and neutral clips from popular films while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Using representational similarity analysis (RSA) to measure variability in neural pattern similarity, we found developmental differences between children and adults in the amygdala, nucleus accumbens (NAcc), and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), such that children generated less pattern similarity within subcortical structures relative to the vmPFC; a phenomenon not replicated among their older counterparts. Furthermore, children generated valence-specific differences in representational patterns across regions; these valence-specific patterns were not found in adults. These results may suggest that affective representations grow increasingly dissimilar over development as individuals mature from visceral affective responses to more evaluative analyses

Mitigation of flooding and cyclone hazard in Orissa, India

Storm surges generated by the strong tangential wind stressesand normal atmospheric pressure gradients at the sea surface due to tropical cyclones (TC"S)have been studied with the goal of detecting any significant and systematic changes due to climatechange. Cyclone and storm surge data for the 19th and 20th centuries for the Bay of Bengalcoast of the state of Orissa in India are available to varying degrees of quality and detail,the data being more scientific since the advent of the India Meteorological Department in 1875.Based on more precise data for the period 1971 to 2000, statistical projections have been madeon the probable intensities of tropical cyclones for various return periods. The super cyclone ofOctober 29, 1999 (SC1999) appears to have a return period of about 50 years. The cyclones of1831, 1885 and possibly the one in 1895 could have been super cyclones. During the 19th century,there were 72 flooding events associated with cyclones, whereas in the 20th century therewere only 56 events. There was no observational evidence to suggest that there was an increaseeither in the frequency or intensity of cyclones or storm surges on the coast of Orissa. However,the impact of cyclones and surges is on the increase due to increase of population and coastal infrastructure

Chromosome pairing in F1 hybrid Arachis hypogaea L. X A. monticola Krap. et Rig.

Chromosome pairing at pachytene in the F1 hybrid Arachis hypogaea X A. monticola was studied. Pairing was remarkably regular and segment by segment except for some minor differences. Chromosomes were identified individually at pachytene. The idiograms of A. hypogaea and A. monticola were identical. Meiosis was regular and fertility was high in the hybrid indicating that the taxa concerned were very closely related

Influence of Coincidence Site Lattice Boundary on Creep Resistance of P91 Steel Weldments

The grain boundary structure is usually described by the coincidence site lattice (CSL) model based on the misorientation of adjoining crystals. Therefore, the objective of the present investigation is to seek the correlation between CSL fraction and creep resistance of modified 9Cr–1Mo steel (P91) with and without boron addition. Results showed that CSL fraction increases with increase in heat treatment temperature and this increase is more prominent in boron containing modified 9Cr–1Mo steel. Creep test results show the increase in creep rupture life with increase in CSL fraction for both the base metals; but this increase is more in boron containing steel than the boron free steel. This improvement is attributed to the stability of CSL boundaries in the material. In spite of the increase in CSL boundaries with normalizing heat treatment temperature, boron free material shows less creep rupture life in its weldment than the boron containing steel weldment