Climate biocapacity of Mongolia and its change

This paper has looked into the estimated results of climate biocapacity in Mongolia. The soil moisture supply was assessed through annual precipitation, Shashko’s humidity coefficient, Selyainov’s heat-moisture coefficient and Ivanov-Mezentsev climate biological productivity index. Finally, their long-term trends have been considered as well. The results are consistent with vegetation zones, summer mean pasture yield and existing arable farming region in the country. Therefore, the results are applicable in Mongolia’s conditions. Also, the heat supply during growing season is estimated by daily average temperature, which fluctuates from 5 and 10oC in spring and autumn respectively, the sum total of effective and active temperature. Since 1960, the growing season in the country has lengthened by 3 weeks and the sum of active temperature above 10oC has increased by 80-90oC, although the moisture supply of vegetation is weakening and moreover, climate biocapacity is decreasing

Characterization of Mongolian natural minerals and their application for heavy metal adsorbent

In this study, the structural characteristic and the adsorption properties of heavy metals on Mongolian natural minerals were investigated. The natural samples were confirmed as Heulandite group of Clinoptilolite type zeolite and clay sample that contains albite and quartz by X-ray diffraction analysis. According to BET surface analysis, natural zeolites have mesoporous type of pore. The results of adsorption study showed that adsorption ability of natural zeolite is high effective for lead ion in acidic aqueous solution and the order of heavy metal selectivity was Pb2+>>Zn2+>Cd2+. The adsorption performance of Arsenic(V) is significantly increased by modification with magnesium oxide on natural zeolite

Enhancing Vibrational Light-Matter Coupling Strength beyond the Molecular Concentration Limit Using Plasmonic Arrays

Vibrational strong coupling is emerging as a promising tool to modify molecular properties by making use of hybrid light-matter states known as polaritons. Fabry-Perot cavities filled with organic molecules are typically used, and the molecular concentration limits the maximum reachable coupling strength. Developing methods to increase the coupling strength beyond the molecular concentration limit are highly desirable. In this Letter, we investigate the effect of adding a gold nanorod array into a cavity containing pure organic molecules using FT-IR microscopy and numerical modeling. Incorporation of the plasmonic nanorod array that acts as artificial molecules leads to an order of magnitude increase in the total coupling strength for the cavity with matching resonant frequency filled with organic molecules. Additionally, we observe a significant narrowing of the plasmon line width inside the cavity. We anticipate that these results will be a step forward in exploring vibropolaritonic chemistry and may be used in plasmon based biosensors

Visualizing plasmon-exciton polaritons at the nanoscale using electron microscopy

Polaritons are compositional light-matter quasiparticles that have recently enabled remarkable breakthroughs in quantum and nonlinear optics, as well as in material science. Despite the enormous progress, however, a direct nanometer-scale visualization of polaritons has remained an open challenge. Here, we demonstrate that plasmon-exciton polaritons, or plexcitons, generated by a hybrid system composed of an individual silver nanoparticle and a few-layer transition metal dichalcogenide can be spectroscopically mapped with nanometer spatial resolution using electron energy loss spectroscopy in a scanning transmission electron microscope. Our experiments reveal important insights about the coupling process, which have not been reported so far. These include nanoscale variation of Rabi splitting and plasmon-exciton detuning, as well as absorption-dominated extinction signals, which in turn provide the ultimate evidence for the plasmon-exciton hybridization in the strong coupling regime. These findings pioneer new possibilities for in-depth studies of polariton-related phenomena with nanometer spatial resolution

Relationship between dynamics of modern glaciers of the Mt. Munkhkhairkhan (Mongolian Altai) and climate

Mt. Munkhkhairkhan is the most crucial region for understanding climate and glaciation changes in Mongolia. This study investigated the relationship between glacial area changes and the climate elements of Mt. Munkhkhairkhan in the Mongolian-Altai Mountains using a remote sensing approach, in-situ observations, the Mann–Kendall (MK) test, Innovative Trend Analysis Method (ITAM), Sen’s slope estimator test, and statistical analysis. The study results showed that for the last 30 years, the annual average air temperature of Mt. Munkhkhairkhan has been slightly increasing. Total annual precipitation (mainly snow) in the mountain area decreased from 1990 to 2000, but since 2000, a significant increase in precipitation levels has appeared. For the last 30 years, the glacial area has decreased by 32% to 11.7 km2. Multiple regression results showed a strong correlation between Temperature, Precipitation, and Glaciers (Multiple R = 0.69, R2 = 0.48). Ruther indicated that Temperature (t = −2.332, p = 0.036) and Precipitation (t = −3.212, p = 0.007) were significant predictors in the model. Air temperature and precipitation explained 48 percent of the change in the glacier area, and R = 0.69 is a strong correlation. The glaciers and snow area in the study area have changed due to climate warming and precipitation changes and are located in arid and semi-arid regions of Central Asia. This study of Mt. Munkhairkhan shows that climate change significantly impacts glaciers and snow

Photophysical properties of halide perovskite CsPb(Br1-xIx)3 thin films and nanowires

This is an accepted manuscript of an article published by Elsevier in Journal of Luminescence on 26/12/2019, available online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2019.116985 The accepted version of the publication may differ from the final published version.© 2019 Thin films and nanowires based on lead halide perovskites are promising objects for the design of various optoelectronic devices as well as nano- and microlasers. One of the main advantages of such materials is their absorption and photoluminescence spectra tuning across the visible range via the change in their chemical composition, for instance, by substitution of one halide atom (Br) for another one (I) in the crystal lattice of CsPb(Br1-xIx)3. However, this approach gives materials showing unstable photoluminescence behavior caused by light-induced perovskite phase separation under high-intensity excitation at room temperature. In this work, CsPb(Br1-xIx)3 thin films and nanowires are obtained by chemical vapor anion exchange method from their CsPbBr3 counterparts fabricated by improved wet chemical methods. Spontaneous and stimulated emission from the mixed-halide and pristine bromide samples are studied. Tribromide nanowires exhibit lasing with relatively low thresholds (10–100 μJ/cm2) and high Q-factor of the laser mode up to 3500. The temperature dependence of the photoinitiated phase separation in CsPbBr1.5I1.5 samples is investigated, showing that light-induced phase instability of the mixed-halide nanowires can be suppressed at the somewhat higher temperature (250 K) than the value observed for the thin films having a similar chemical composition. The results obtained are important for the optimization of the functioning of optoelectronic devices based on considered perovskite materials.S.V.M. and A.A.Z. thank the Russian Science Foundation (grant 17-73-20336) for the financial support of study of nanostructures. S.V.M. acknowledges funding from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (project 14.Y26.31.0010). M.V. acknowledges funding from the European Regional Development Fund according to the supported activity ‘Research Projects Implemented by World-class Researcher Groups’ under Measure No. 01.2.2-LMT-K-718, grant No. 01.2.2-LMT-K-718-01-0014. G.H. acknowledges ITMO Fellowship Program.Accepted versio

Management of high-risk corneal grafts

MACMILLAN BUILDING,4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND, N1 9X

Polaritonic molecular clock for all-optical ultrafast imaging of wavepacket dynamics without probe pulses

Conventional approaches to probing ultrafast molecular dynamics rely on the use of synchronized laser pulses with a well-defined time delay. Typically, a pump pulse excites a molecular wavepacket. A subsequent probe pulse can then dissociate or ionize the molecule, and measurement of the molecular fragments provides information about where the wavepacket was for each time delay. Here, we propose to exploit the ultrafast nuclear-position-dependent emission obtained due to large light–matter coupling in plasmonic nanocavities to image wavepacket dynamics using only a single pump pulse. We show that the time-resolved emission from the cavity provides information about when the wavepacket passes a given region in nuclear configuration space. This approach can image both cavity-modified dynamics on polaritonic (hybrid light–matter) potentials in the strong light–matter coupling regime and bare-molecule dynamics in the intermediate coupling regime of large Purcell enhancements, and provides a route towards ultrafast molecular spectroscopy with plasmonic nanocavitiesThis work has been funded by the European Research Council grant ERC-2016-STG-714870 and the Spanish Ministry for Science, Innovation, and Universities—AEI grants RTI2018-099737-B-I00, PCI2018-093145 (through the QuantERA program of the European Commission), and CEX2018-000805-M (through the María de Maeztu program for Units of Excellence in R&D

Nuclear reaction models for systematic analysis of the fast neutron induced (n,p) reaction cross sections

Taking into account compound, pre-equilibrium and direct reaction mechanisms, we suggest certain method for theoretical explanation of systematic regularity in the fast neutron induced (n,p) reaction cross sections. The statistical model, Griffin exciton model and PWBA are used. For systematical analysis of (n,p) reaction cross sections, simple and convenient formulae are deduced. It is shown that theoretical (n,p) cross sections are satisfactorily in agreement with experimental values for the 6, 8, 10, 13, 14.5, and 16 MeV neutrons