Viscomagnetoelastic Interactions in a Vortex Array in the Type–II Superconductor

The paper develops considerations on viscomagnetoelastic interactions in a vortex array in a type–II superconductor. It is well known that a magnetic field penetrates such a material along lines called vortices of a special structure. Each of them consists of a core of material in the normal state, i.e. a material in which Ohm’s law works and a surrounding where the supercurrent flows. The mean diameter of a core is called the coherence length. The penetration of the supercurrent outside the core exists in the London penetration depth. Since interactions among the vortices run with the help of the Lorenz force, the vortex field has elastic properties. Moreover, because of the normal state inside the vortex core also the viscosity of that field has been observed. The above situation occurs only between upper and lower magnetic field limits below the critical temperature regarding the phase diagram. The vortex field has a very interesting feature. In the vicinity of the lower magnetic field curve it possesses an ordered (quadratic or triangular) structure. Then going to the upper magnetic field limit that structure is losing its configuration behaving as a fluid. We assume smooth transition from ordered to disordered state althought it is much more complicated in nature. Following the above statements all the “material” coefficients characteristic for the vortex field are also dependent on the magnetic field and temperature. The main aim of the paper is a formulation of the stress – strain constitutive law consisting of the following features:• a coexistence of the ordered and disordered states,• the viscosity of the vortex field,• the dependence of the “material” coefficients related to the vortex field on the magnetic field.An application for YBCO ceramics that deals with the use of the proposed constitutive law in vortex field equations and results coming from that are presented. Numerical calculations concern wave propagation in depinned parallel vortex line field versus magnitude of the applied magnetic field

Higher Programmatic Volume in Neonatal Heart Surgery Is Associated With Lower Early Mortality

BACKGROUND: The early results of congenital heart surgery in neonates remain a challenge. We sought to determine the nature of the association between annual center volume of neonatal cardiac surgery and operative mortality using a multicenter cohort. METHODS: The dataset consists of 27,556 neonatal procedures performed between 1999 and 2015 in 90 centers participating in the European Congenital Heart Surgeons Association database. Centers with mean annual volume load of six or more that submitted data for at least 3 consecutive years were included. World Bank annual gross national index per capita was utilized as an indicator of temporal national affluence. Multilevel logistic regression was used to create a model including the significant risk factors and to calculate odds ratios for operative mortality. Iterative modeling of the dataset incrementally excluding centers with lower annual caseload was used to identify the relationship between annual volume and mortality. RESULTS: In the model thus calculated including The Society of Thoracic Surgeons-European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (STAT) mortality score, operative weight and age, noncardiac genetic anomalies, and annual volume of operations were independent risk factors for operative mortality in the analysis of the entire cohort. In the model containing these variables, annual gross national index and year of surgery were not significantly associated with mortality. In the iterative process, annual volume ceased to be a risk factor when units operating on fewer than 60 neonates annually were excluded. CONCLUSIONS: In neonatal congenital heart surgery, the risk of operative death decreased with the increase of volume load. The cutoff point in this cohort was a mean annual volume of 60 neonatal operations per year.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The European Registry for Patients with Mechanical Circulatory Support (EUROMACS)

OBJECTIVES: A second paediatric report has been generated from the European Registry for Patients with Mechanical Circulatory Support (EUROMACS). The purpose of EUROMACS, which is operated by the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, is to gather data related to durable mechanical circulatory support for scientific purposes and to publish reports with respect to the course of mechanical circulatory support therapy. Since the first report issued, efforts to increase compliance and participation have been extended. Additionally, the data provided the opportunity to analyse patients of younger age and lower weight. METHODS: Participating hospitals contributed pre-, peri- and long-term postoperative data on mechanical circulatory support implants to the registry. Data for all implants in paediatric patients (≤19 years of age) performed from 1 January 2000 to 1 July 2019 were analysed. This report includes updates of patient characteristics, implant frequency, outcome (including mortality rates, transplants and recovery rates) as well as adverse events including neurological dysfunction, device malfunction, major infection and bleeding. RESULTS: Twenty-nine hospitals contributed 398 registered implants in 353 patients (150 female, 203 male) to the registry. The most frequent aetiology of heart failure was any form of cardiomyopathy (61%), followed by congenital heart disease and myocarditis (16.4% and 16.1%, respectively). Competing outcomes analysis revealed that a total of 80% survived to transplant or recovery or are ongoing; at the 2-year follow-up examination, 20% died while on support. At 12 months, 46.7% received transplants, 8.7% were weaned from their device and 18.5% died. The 3-month adverse events rate was 1.69 per patient-year for device malfunction including pump exchange, 0.48 for major bleeding, 0.64 for major infection and 0.78 for neurological events. CONCLUSIONS: The overall survival rate was 81.5% at 12 months following ventricular assist device implant. The comparison of survival rates of the early and later eras shows no significant difference. A focus on specific subgroups showed that survival was less in patients of younger age (<1 year of age) (P = 0.01) and lower weight (<20 kg) (P = 0.015). Transplant rates at 6 months contin

Multiphysics and Thermodynamic Formulations for Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium Interactions: Non-linear Finite Elements Applied to Multi-coupled Active Materials

[EN] Combining several theories this paper presents a general multiphysics framework applied to the study of coupled and active materials, considering mechanical, electric, magnetic and thermal fields. The framework is based on thermodynamic equilibrium and non-equilibrium interactions, both linked by a two-temperature model. The multi-coupled governing equations are obtained from energy, momentum and entropy balances; the total energy is the sum of thermal, mechanical and electromagnetic parts. The momentum balance considers mechanical plus electromagnetic balances; for the latter the Abraham rep- resentation using the Maxwell stress tensor is formulated. This tensor is manipulated to automatically fulfill the angular momentum balance. The entropy balance is for- mulated using the classical Gibbs equation for equilibrium interactions and non-equilibrium thermodynamics. For the non-linear finite element formulations, this equation requires the transformation of thermoelectric coupling and conductivities into tensorial form. The two-way thermoe- lastic Biot term introduces damping: thermomechanical, pyromagnetic and pyroelectric converse electromagnetic dynamic interactions. Ponderomotrix and electromagnetic forces are also considered. The governing equations are converted into a variational formulation with the resulting four-field, multi-coupled formalism implemented and val- idated with two custom-made finite elements in the research code FEAP. Standard first-order isoparametric eight-node elements with seven degrees of freedom (dof) per node (three displacements, voltage and magnetic scalar potentials plus two temperatures) are used. Non-linearities and dynamics are solved with Newton-Raphson and New- mark-b algorithms, respectively. Results of thermoelectric, thermoelastic, thermomagnetic, piezoelectric, piezomag- netic, pyroelectric, pyromagnetic and galvanomagnetic interactions are presented, including non-linear depen- dency on temperature and some second-order interactions.This research was partially supported by grants CSD2008-00037 Canfranc Underground Physics, Polytechnic University of Valencia under programs PAID 02-11-1828 and 05-10-2674. The first author used the grant Generalitat Valenciana BEST/2014/232 for the completion of this work.Pérez-Aparicio, JL.; Palma, R.; Taylor, R. (2016). Multiphysics and Thermodynamic Formulations for Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium Interactions: Non-linear Finite Elements Applied to Multi-coupled Active Materials. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering. 23:535-583. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-015-9149-9S53558323Abraham M (1910) Sull’elettrodinamica di Minkowski. 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Application of numerical model for assessment of vertical drainage system efficiency for limitation of pollutants migration in ground waters

Celem niniejszej pracy jest zbadanie, na podstawie numerycznych badań modelowych, skuteczności wybranych sposobów ograniczenia transportu określonych grup zanieczyszczeń w wodach podziemnych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zanieczyszczeń pochodzących ze składowiska odpadów przemysłowych i oczyszczalni ścieków - poletek odciekowych osadów ściekowych - na przykładzie zakładu papierniczego. Ze względów formalnych nazwa tego zakładu nie może być ujawniona. Zakład ten powstał na początku lat 60-tych ubiegłego stulecia, kiedy to zagadnienia negatywnego oddziaływania zakładów produkcyjnych na środowisko naturalne nie były traktowane priorytetowo. Dopiero po prywatyzacji zakładu w latach 90-tych nowy właściciel położył nacisk na zmniejszenie i likwidację zanieczyszczania środowiska na skutek działalności produkcyjnej. Między innymi w tym celu założona została sieć piezometrów na terenie zakładu i w jego okolicy do monitorowania zanieczyszczeń wód podziemnych i powierzchniowych [16,17,18]. Do oceny procesów migracji zanieczyszczeń w wodach podziemnych wybrano chlorki i suchą pozostałość, które często stosowane są w tego rodzaju badaniach. s. 679-696, bibliogr. 19 poz.One of the side effects of activities of industrial plants is pollution of water soil environment. Pollutants penetrating to soil react soil skeleton and with underground waters, and are transported together with the stream of underground waters and supply superficial waters. Ability of assessment of pollutants spreading in underground waters principles is essential especially from the point of view of monitoring of quality and protection of waters, both underground and superficial, destined to be intaken, especially as drinking or industrial water. Vertical drainage realised as barrier of wells is most often used, among many ways of the limitation of the transportation of pollutants in underground waters. On the ground in direction along with the flow of underground waters stream barrier of pumping wells is built. By pumping underground waters containing pollutants flowing from the source of contaminations, eg. from under landfill, pollutants can not flow out of the area enclosed with the barrier. Realization of such barrier has to take into account hydrological conditions on the given area. Waters pumped out from wells, in dependence on size of pollutants loading, may be turned back to the technological process, treated or pumped back to the landfill. The paper presents numerical analysis of the pumping wells barrier efficiency for limitation of pollutants migration in ground waters. The numerical assessment is based on measurement results carried out at a certain production plant. For this purpose two groups of representative pollutants were selected with a special focus on pollutants deriving from the industrial waste lagoon and from sludge drying beds of the sewage station. The numerical simulations were carried out using hydrogeological model of the production plant area elaborated in form of digital maps for the further application in the Visual Modflow Software. As a first step of the numerical modelling of the ground water flow was its verifying. It was assumed that the difference between assessed ground water table and the real taken from the measurements ground water table be less than š1.0 m. The pollutants migration analyses were divided into two phases: the first one dealt with a development of the pollution areas within a period of 2,600 days when the infiltration from the industrial waste lagoon and sewage station were as an input according to the envelope of the measurements results. The next simulation period covered the subsequent 5 years when the barrier of pumping wells was put into operation. Under the given hydrogeological circumstances the numerical assessment showed a very low efficiency of the drainage barrier of vertical pumping wells