Current etiological structure of bacteremia at the intensive care units of Yekaterinburg

In this report we present the results of bacteriological analysis of blood samples taken from patients at the intensive care units of Yekaterinburg city hospitals in 2006 - 2010. Studies were done in “BACTEC” (Beckton Dickinson) and “Walk/Away'1 (Siemens Healthcare) bacteriological automated systems. Highly resistant to antibiotics nosocomial strains of S. aureus (50.44%), Enterococcus spp. (19.77%), coagulase negative Staphilococcus spp. (9.25%), K. pneumoniae (7.98%), A baumannii (7.22%), E.coli (4.69%), P. Aerugionosa (3.8%) were isolated from adult patients with sepsis. Vancomycin and Unezolid remain highly active against Staphilococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. (100% of strains were sensitive). Carbapenems are still actual for the therapy of septic conditions caused by representatives of Enterobacteriaceae family (more than 99% of strains were sensitive). Isolates of P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii arise certain difficulties for the adequate choice of drugs because their sensitivity to antibiotics needs to be determined.В работе представлены результаты микробиологического исследования крови 4133 пациентов ОРИТ стационаров г. Екатеринбурга за 2006-201 Ог.г. Работа выполнена с использованием микробиологических анализаторов Bactec (Becton Dickinson, США) и Walk Away (Siemens,USA). Среди возбудителей сепсиса у взрослых пациентов преобладают штаммы высокорезистентной госпитальной флоры S. aureus (50,44%), Enterococcus spp. (19,77%), коагулазоотрицательные стафилококки (9,25%), К. pneumoniae (7,98%), A. baumannii (7,22%), E.coli (4,69%), P. aeruginosa (3,8%). Ванкомицин и линезолид сохраняют высокую антибактериальную активность в отношении стафилококков и энтерококков (100% чувствительных штаммов). Карбапенемы продолжают оставаться препаратами выбора при терапии сепсиса, вызванного энтеробактериями (более 99% чувствительных штаммов). Наибольшую сложность для клинициста представляют случаи выделения P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, при которых для подбора адекватной терапии требуется определение антибиотикочувствительности

Micro-aerobic bacterial methane oxidation in the chemocline and anoxic water column of deep south-Alpine Lake Lugano (Switzerland)

We measured seasonal variations in the vertical distribution of methane concentration, methane oxidation rates, and lipid biomarkers in the northern basin of Lake Lugano. Methane consumption below the oxic–anoxic interface co-occurred with concentration maxima of 13C-depleted C16 fatty acid biomarkers (with d13C values as low as 270%) in the anoxic water column, as well as characteristic d13CCH4 profiles. We argue that the conspicuous methane concentration gradients are primarily driven by (micro-)aerobic methane oxidation (MOx) below the chemocline. We measured a strong MOx potential throughout the anoxic water column, while MOx rates at in situ O2 concentration . 10 nmol L21 were undetectable. Similarly, we found MOx-related biomarkers and gene sequences encoding the particulate methane monooxygenase in the anoxic, but not the oxic, water. The mechanism of (episodic) oxygen supply sustaining the MOx community in anoxic waters is still uncertain. Our results indicate that a bacterial methanotrophic community is responsible for the methane consumption in Lake Lugano, without detectable contribution from archaeal methanotrophs. Bacterial populations that accumulated both at the suboxic–anoxic interface and in the deeper anoxic hypolimnion, where maximum potential MOx rates were observed throughout the year (1.5–2.5 mmol L21 d21) were mainly related to Methylobacter sp. Close relatives are found in lacustrine environments throughout the world, and their potential to thrive under micro- and anoxic conditions in Lake Lugano may imply that micro-aerobic methane oxidation is important in methane cycling and competition for methane and oxygen in stratified lakes worldwide

Audiovisuelle Unternehmenskommunikation: Video, Film, Bewegtbild im Internet

kein Abstract vorhande

Instrumente der Unternehmenskommunikation: ein Überblick

Zur Prägung des institutionellen Erscheinungsbildes nimmt die Unternehmenskommunikation eine zentrale Rolle ein. Hierbei geht es primär um die Darstellung des gesamten Unternehmens bei ihren vielfältigen Zielgruppen. Dazu stehen den Unternehmen insbesondere die Instrumente der Institutionellen Mediawerbung, des Corporate Sponsoring sowie der Corporate Public Relations zur Verfügung. Der Beitrag liefert einen Überblick über die Unternehmenskommunikation sowie dessen Instrumente. Abschließend wird die Frage der Kontrolle der Instrumente durch Unternehmen thematisiert

Investigating hypoxia in aquatic environments: diverse approaches to addressing a complex phenomenon

In this paper we provide an overview of new knowledge on oxygen depletion (hypoxia) and related phenomena in aquatic systems resulting from the EU-FP7 project HYPOX (“In situ monitoring of oxygen depletion in hypoxic ecosystems of coastal and open seas, and landlocked water bodies”, www.hypox.net). In view of the anticipated oxygen loss in aquatic systems due to eutrophication and climate change, HYPOX was set up to improve capacities to monitor hypoxia as well as to understand its causes and consequences. Temporal dynamics and spatial patterns of hypoxia were analyzed in field studies in various aquatic environments, including the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea, Scottish and Scandinavian fjords, Ionian Sea lagoons and embayments, and Swiss lakes. Examples of episodic and rapid (hours) occurrences of hypoxia, as well as seasonal changes in bottom-water oxygenation in stratified systems, are discussed. Geologically driven hypoxia caused by gas seepage is demonstrated. Using novel technologies, temporal and spatial patterns of watercolumn oxygenation, from basin-scale seasonal patterns to meter-scale sub-micromolar oxygen distributions, were resolved. Existing multidecadal monitoring data were used to demonstrate the imprint of climate change and eutrophication on long-term oxygen distributions. Organic and inorganic proxies were used to extend investigations on past oxygen conditions to centennial and even longer timescales that cannot be resolved by monitoring. The effects of hypoxia on faunal communities and biogeochemical processes were also addressed in the project. An investigation of benthic fauna is presented as an example of hypoxia-devastated benthic communities that slowly recover upon a reduction in eutrophication in a system where naturally occurring hypoxia overlaps with anthropogenic hypoxia. Biogeochemical investigations reveal that oxygen intrusions have a strong effect on the microbially mediated redox cycling of elements. Observations and modeling studies of the sediments demonstrate the effect of seasonally changing oxygen conditions on benthic mineralization pathways and fluxes. Data quality and access are crucial in hypoxia research. Technical issues are therefore also addressed, including the availability of suitable sensor technology to resolve the gradual changes in bottom-water oxygen in marine systems that can be expected as a result of climate change. Using cabled observatories as examples, we show how the benefit of continuous oxygen monitoring can be maximized by adopting proper quality control. Finally, we discuss strategies for state-of-the-art data archiving and dissemination in compliance with global standards, and how ocean observations can contribute to global earth observation attempts

Crenothrix are major methane consumers in stratified lakes

Methane-oxidizing bacteria represent a major biological sink for methane and are thus Earth's natural protection against this potent greenhouse gas. Here we show that in two stratified freshwater lakes a substantial part of upward-diffusing methane was oxidized by filamentous gamma-proteobacteria related to Crenothrix polyspora. These filamentous bacteria have been known as contaminants of drinking water supplies since 1870, but their role in the environmental methane removal has remained unclear. While oxidizing methane, these organisms were assigned an 'unusual' methane monooxygenase (MMO), which was only distantly related to 'classical' MMO of gamma-proteobacterial methanotrophs. We now correct this assignment and show that Crenothrix encode a typical gammaproteobacterial PmoA. Stable isotope labeling in combination swith single-cell imaging mass spectrometry revealed methane-dependent growth of the lacustrine Crenothrix with oxygen as well as under oxygen-deficient conditions. Crenothrix genomes encoded pathways for the respiration of oxygen as well as for the reduction of nitrate to N2O. The observed abundance and planktonic growth of Crenothrix suggest that these methanotrophs can act as a relevant biological sink for methane in stratified lakes and should be considered in the context of environmental removal of methane