Variations in the Chemical Composition of Soils of Various Types

Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, silica, iron, alumina, and base-exchange capacity were determined on nine Iowa soils and correlations made in an attempt to devise a system of soil mapping to be used when these constituents of the soil and soil extract were known. The results secured indicate a definite relationship between these constituents in each of the soils studied. However, no apparent relationship existed between the variations and soil type. The P2O3 content of all soils was found to vary directly with the base-exchange capacity of the soil

The Importance of Soil Colloids to Soil Microorganisms

The significance of soil colloids with respect to microorganisms in the soil has received little attention by soils investigators. Results secured here indicate that the soil colloid is the principal habitat for both aerobes and anaerobes in the soil

The Effect of Lime on the Availability of Phosphate in Tama Silt Loam

Calcium limestone and dolomitic limestone were applied to Tama silt loam in pots in the greenhouse. The soil had a lime requirement of 3 tons per acre ancl the pH was 5.30. Rock phosphate was applied at the rate of 250 pounds per acre alone and in combination with calcium limestone and with dolomitic limestone. Samples of the variously treated soils were taken after 4, 8, 12, and 18 weeks for the determination of pH and available phosphate

Soil Survey of Iowa, Report No. 76—Hancock County Soils

Hancock County is located in north central Iowa in the second tier of counties south of the Minnesota state line and in the middle tier of counties from east to west in the state. It lies entirely in the Wisconsin drift soil area, and hence its soils are all of drift or glacial origin

Experiments with Dry Dust Cultures for the Inoculation of Legume Seeds

Within the past few years a number of commercial concerns have produced a dry dust type of culture for the inoculation of legume seeds. Field experiments have been conducted to test the value of these cultures for the inoculation of soybeans. The results showed that the dry dust cultures did not give satisfactory inoculation. Greenhouse experiments have also shown that the inoculation of legume seeds sometime in advance of the planting date, as is recommended by the producers of the dry dust manufacturers, is undesirable

Lidar technology measurements and technology: Report of panel

Lidar is ready to make an important contribution to tropospheric chemistry research with a variety of spaceborne measurements that complement the measurements from passive instruments. Lidar can now be considered for near-term and far-term space missions dealing with a number of scientifically important issues in tropospheric chemistry. The evolution in the lidar missions from space are addressed and details of these missions are given. The laser availability for space missions based upon the technical data is assessed

Deposizione di rivestimenti in Al2O3 mediante High Velocity Suspension Flame Spraying (HVSFS): caratteristiche dei riporti ed effetto dei parametri operativi

La tecnica denominata HVSFS (High Velocity Suspension Flame Spraying) è un processo di termospruzzaturainnovativo che, alimentando la torcia con una sospensione di particelle finissime (micro- o nano-metriche)disperse in una fase liquida, permette la deposizione di rivestimenti ceramici ad alta densità e basso spessore(<100 ?m). Per approfondire la relazione fra caratteristiche dei riporti e proprietà della sospensione, varirivestimenti a base di Al2O3 sono stati depositati utilizzando sospensioni di particelle sia micrometriche, siananometriche. Indipendentemente dai parametri di processo selezionati, una sospensione di particellemicrometriche sufficientemente disperse garantisce maggior efficienza di deposizione (>50%) e producerivestimenti costituiti da un’ottima sovrapposizione di lamelle fortemente coese, con maggior durezza(?1200 HV0.05) e minor rugosità (Ra ? 1.3 ?m) rispetto ai rivestimenti ottenibili con sospensioni dinanoparticelle. Sebbene i rivestimenti ottenuti da sospensioni di particelle micrometriche siano anche soggettia tensioni residue trattive più elevate (fra 50 MPa e 100 MPa), la loro eccellente densità e ottima coesione lirendono molto più resistenti all’usura per strisciamento (studiata con test “ball on disk”) rispetto a riporti diAl2O3 prodotti sia con sospensioni di nanoparticelle, sia con tecniche di termospruzzatura convenzionali

Suspension High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (SHVOF)-sprayed alumina coatings: microstructure, nanoindentation and wear

Suspension High Velocity Oxy Fuel Spraying (SHVOF) can be used to produce thermally sprayed coatings from powdered feedstocks too small to be processed by mechanical feeders, allowing formation of nanostructured coatings with improved density and mechanical properties. Here, alumina coatings were produced from sub-micron sized feedstock in aqueous suspension, using two flame combustion parameters yielding contrasting microstructures. Both coatings were tested in dry sliding wear conditions with an alumina counterbody. The coating processed with high combustion power of 101 kW contained 74 wt% amorphous phase and 26 wt% crystalline phase (95 wt% gamma and 3 wt% alpha alumina) while the 72 kW coating contained lower 58 wt% amorphous phase and 42 wt% crystalline phases (73 wt% was alpha and 26 wt % gamma). The 101 kW coating had a dry sliding specific wear rate between 4-4.5 x 10-5 mm3/Nm, 2 orders of magnitude higher than the 72 kW coating wear rate of 2-4.2 x 10-7 mm3/Nm. A severe wear regime dominated by brittle fracture and grain pull out of the coating was responsible for the wear of the 101 kW coating, explained by mean fracture toughness three times lower than the 72 kW coating, owing to the almost complete absence of alpha alumina

Bovine gene polymorphisms related to fat deposition and meat tenderness

Leptin, thyroglobulin and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase play important roles in fat metabolism. Fat deposition has an influence on meat quality and consumers' choice. The aim of this study was to determine allele and genotype frequencies of polymorphisms of the bovine genes, which encode leptin (LEP), thyroglobulin (TG) and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase (DGAT1). A further objective was to establish the effects of these polymorphisms on meat characteristics. We genotyped 147 animals belonging to the Nelore (Bos indicus), Canchim (5/8 Bos taurus + 3/8 Bos indicus), Rubia Gallega X Nelore (1/2 Bos taurus + 1/2 Bos indicus), Brangus Three-way cross (9/16 Bos taurus + 7/16 Bos indicus) and Braunvieh Three-way cross (3/4 Bos taurus + 1/4 Bos indicus) breeds. Backfat thickness, total lipids, marbling score, ribeye area and shear force were fitted, using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of the SAS software. The least square means of genotypes and genetic groups were compared using Tukey's test. Allele frequencies vary among the genetic groups, depending on Bos indicus versus Bos taurus influence. The LEP polymorphism segregates in pure Bos indicus Nelore animals, which is a new finding. The T allele of TG is fixed in Nelore, and DGAT1 segregates in all groups, but the frequency of allele A is lower in Nelore animals. The results showed no association between the genotypes and traits studied, but a genetic group effect on these traits was found. So, the genetic background remains relevant for fat deposition and meat tenderness, but the gene markers developed for Bos taurus may be insufficient for Bos indicus