Differential Pricing Policy

Differential pricing is a valid means of improving profits, keeping the total cost of air transportation down, and making it possible for more people to use air transportation

Der Gesundheitswert veganer Lebensmittel in der Werbung

Health values and moral concerns about current food production systems are the main drivers of the vegan and organic food trends. Increasing revenues in these markets resulted in a wide variety of vegan products and more advertisement on vegan foods. Critics complain that consumers are misled on health aspects of vegan food. This study analyzed advertisements in vegan and organic magazines from 2010 to 2015. Our findings show that the advertisement put less emphasis on health claims but rather focus on the aspect of naturality

Fabry-Perot Measurements of the Dynamics of Globular Cluster Cores: M15 (NGC~7078)

We report the first use of the Rutgers Imaging Fabry-Perot Spectrophotometer to study the dynamics of the cores of globular clusters. We have obtained velocities for cluster stars by tuning the Fabry-Perot to take a series of narrow-band images at different wavelengths across one of the Na D (5890 AA) absorption lines. Measuring the flux in every frame yields a short portion of the spectrum for each star simultaneously. This proves to be a very efficient method for obtaining accurate stellar velocities; in crowded regions we are able to measure hundreds of velocities in 3-4 hours of observing time. We have measured velocities with uncertainties of less than 5 km/s for 216 stars within 1.5' of the center of the globular cluster M15 (NGC 7078). The paper is a uuencoded compressed postscript file

Bedeutung von Nachhaltigkeitsawards in der Bio-Branche am Beispiel der milchverarbeitenden Industrie

Sustainability awards in the German food industry are a novel instrument in corporate communications. The purpose of those awards is to recognize and honor the achievements of particularly outstanding corporations. We conducted the first study to assess the importance of sustainability awards in organic and non-organic milk processing companies

Eine qualitative Untersuchung der Generalisierungsverhaltens von CNNs zur Instrumentenerkennung

Künstliche neuronale Netze (ANNs) haben sich im Bereich des maschinellen Lernens für Audiodaten als erfolgreichstes Werkzeug mit hoher Klassifikationsrate etabliert [1]. Ein bedeutender Nachteil besteht aus wissenschaftlicher Sicht jedoch in der schweren Interpretierbarkeit des von ANNs tatsächlich gelernten Inhalts [2, 3]. Um dieses Problem anzugehen untersuchen wir in dieser Arbeit den Lern- und Generalisierungsprozess eines Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) für Multi-Label Instrumentenerkennung in den Hidden Layers des Netzwerks. Wir betrachten die unterschiedlichen Aktivierungen aller Layers durch unterschiedliche Instrumentenklassen um nachzuvollziehen, ab welcher Tiefe das Netzwerk in der Lage ist, zwei von der gleichen Klasse stammenden Stimuli als ähnlich zu erkennen. Wir wiederholen das Experiment mit den gleichen Stimuli für ein auf die Erkennung von vier Emotionen trainiertes CNNs. Dabei bestätigen sich einerseits viele unserer Betrachtungen zum Generalisierungsprozess, gleichzeitig lassen die Ergebnisse darauf schließen, dass das auf Emotionserkennung trainierte Netzwerk in der Lage ist, instrumententypische Patterns zu lernen

A Log-Quadratic Relation Between the Nuclear Black-Hole Masses and Velocity Dispersions of Galaxies

We demonstrate that a log-linear relation does not provide an adequate description of the correlation between the masses of Super-Massive Black-Holes (SMBH, M_bh) and the velocity dispersions of their host spheroid (sigma). An unknown relation between log(M_bh) and log(sigma) may be expanded to second order to obtain a log-quadratic relation of the form log(M_bh)=alpha+beta log(sigma/200) + beta_2[log(sigma/200)]^2. We perform a Bayesian analysis using the Nuker sample, and solve for beta, beta_2 and alpha, in addition to the intrinsic scatter (delta). We find unbiased parameter estimates of beta=4.2+/-0.37, beta_2=1.6+/-1.3 and delta=0.275+/-0.05. At the 80% level the M_bh-sigma relation does not follow a uniform power-law. Indeed, over the velocity range 70km/s<sigma<380km/s the logarithmic slope of the best fit relation varies between 2.7 and 5.1, which should be compared with a power-law estimate of 4.02+/-0.33. Assuming no systematic offset, single epoch virial SMBH masses estimated for AGN follow the same log-quadratic M_bh-sigma relation as the Nuker sample, but extend it downward in mass by an order of magnitude. The log-quadratic term in the M_bh-sigma relation has a significant effect on estimates of the local SMBH mass function at M_bh>10^9 solar masses, leading to densities of SMBHs with M_bh>10^10 solar masses that are several orders of magnitude larger than inferred from a log-linear relation. We also estimate unbiased parameters for the SMBH-bulge mass relation. With a parameterisation log(M_bh)=alpha_b + beta_b log(M_b/10^{11}) + beta_2b[log(M_b/10^{11})]^2, we find beta_b=1.15+/-0.18 and beta_2b=0.12+/-0.14. We determined an intrinsic scatter delta_b=0.41+/-0.07 which is ~50% larger than the scatter in the M_bh-sigma relation.Comment: 21 pages, 14 figures. Replaced to correct errors in published versio

Susceptibilities near the QCD (tri)critical point

Based on the proper-time renormalization group approach, the scalar and the quark number susceptibilities in the vicinity of possible critical end points of the hadronic phase diagram are investigated in the two-flavor quark-meson model. After discussing the quark-mass dependence of the location of such points, the critical behavior of the in-medium meson masses and quark number density are calculated. The universality classes of the end points are determined by calculating the critical exponents of the susceptibilities. In order to numerically estimate the influence of fluctuations we compare all quantities with results from a mean-field approximation. It is concluded that the region in the phase diagram where the susceptibilities are enhanced is more compressed around the critical end point if fluctuations are included.Comment: 14 pages, 19 figures; v3 typos and minor changes, references adde

Recommendations for riparian ecosystem management based on the general frame defined in EUFORGEN and results from EUROPOP

International audienc